电子英语单词.docx

电子英语单词.docx

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电子英语单词

电路的基本概念及定律电源source电压源voltagesource电流源currentsource理想电压源idealvoltagesource理想电流源idealcurrentsource伏安特性volt-amperecharacteristic电动势electromotiveforce电压voltage电流current电位potential电位差potentialdifference欧姆Ohm伏特Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule电路circuit电路元件circuitelement电阻resistance电阻器resistor电感inductance电感器inductor电容capacitance电容器capacitor电路模型circuitmodel参考方向referencedirection参考电位referencepotential欧姆定律Ohm’slaw基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’slaw基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’svoltagelaw（KVL）基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’scurrentlaw（KCL）结点node支路branch回路loop网孔mesh支路电流法branchcurrentanalysis网孔电流法meshcurrentanalysis结点电位法nodevoltageanalysis电源变换sourcetransformations叠加原理superpositiontheorem网络network无源二端网络passivetwo-terminalnetwork有源二端网络activetwo-terminalnetwork戴维宁定理Thevenin’stheorem诺顿定理Norton’stheorem开路（断路）opencircuit短路shortcircuit开路电压open-circuitvoltage短路电流short-circuitcurrent交流电路直流电路directcurrentcircuit（dc）交流电路alternatingcurrentcircuit（ac）正弦交流电路sinusoidala-ccircuit平均值averagevalue有效值effectivevalue均方根值root-mean-squirevalue（rms）瞬时值instantaneousvalue电抗reactance感抗inductivereactance容抗capacitivereactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance复数阻抗compleximpedance相位phase初相位initialphase相位差phasedifference相位领先phaselead相位落后phaselag倒相，反相phaseinversion频率frequency角频率angularfrequency赫兹Hertz相量phasor相量图phasordiagram有功功率activepower无功功率reactivepower视在功率apparentpower功率因数powerfactor功率因数补偿power-factorcompensation串联谐振seriesresonance并联谐振parallelresonance谐振频率resonancefrequency频率特性frequencycharacteristic幅频特性amplitude-frequencyresponsecharacteristic相频特性phase-frequencyresponsecharacteristic截止频率cutofffrequency品质因数qualityfactor通频带pass-band带宽bandwidth（BW）滤波器filter一阶滤波器first-orderfilter二阶滤波器second-orderfilter低通滤波器low-passfilter高通滤波器high-passfilter带通滤波器band-passfilter带阻滤波器band-stopfilter转移函数transferfunction波特图Bodediagram傅立叶级数Fourierseries三相电路三相电路three-phasecircuit三相电源three-phasesource对称三相电源symmetricalthree-phasesource对称三相负载symmetricalthree-phaseload相电压phasevoltage相电流phasecurrent线电压linevoltage线电流linecurrent三相三线制three-phasethree-wiresystem三相四线制three-phasefour-wiresystem三相功率three-phasepower星形连接starconnection（Y-connection）三角形连接triangularconnection（D-connection,deltaconnection）中线neutralline电路的暂态过程分析暂态transientstate稳态steadystate暂态过程，暂态响应transientresponse换路定理lowofswitch一阶电路first-ordercircuit三要素法three-factormethod时间常数timeconstant积分电路integratingcircuit微分电路differentiatingcircuit磁路与变压器磁场magneticfield磁通flux磁路magneticcircuit磁感应强度fluxdensity磁通势magnetomotiveforce磁阻reluctance电动机直流电动机dcmotor交流电动机acmotor异步电动机asynchronousmotor同步电动机synchronousmotor三相异步电动机three-phaseasynchronousmotor单相异步电动机single-phaseasynchronousmotor旋转磁场rotatingmagneticfield定子stator转子rotor转差率slip起动电流startingcurrent起动转矩startingtorque额定电压ratedvoltage额定电流ratedcurrent额定功率ratedpower机械特性mechanicalcharacteristic继电器-接触器控制按钮button熔断器fuse开关switch行程开关travelswitch继电器relay接触器contactor常开（动合）触点normallyopencontact常闭（动断）触点normallyclosedcontact时间继电器timerelay热继电器thermaloverloadrelay中间继电器intermediaterelay可编程控制器（PLC）可编程控制器programmablelogiccontroller语句表statementlist梯形图ladderdiagram半导体器件本征半导体intrinsicsemiconductor掺杂半导体dopedsemiconductorP型半导体P-typesemiconductorN型半导体N--typesemiconductor自由电子freeelectron空穴hole载流子carriersPN结PNjunction扩散diffusion漂移drift二极管diode硅二极管silicondiode锗二极管germaniumdiode阳极anode阴极cathode发光二极管light-emittingdiode（LED）光电二极管photodiode稳压二极管Zenerdiode晶体管（三极管）transistorPNP型晶体管PNPtransistorNPN型晶体管NPNtransistor发射极emitter集电极collector基极base电流放大系数currentamplificationcoefficient场效应管field-effecttransistor（FET）P沟道p-channelN沟道n-channel结型场效应管junctionFET（JFET）金属氧化物半导体metal-oxidesemiconductor（MOS）耗尽型MOS场效应管depletionmodeMOSFET（D-MOSFET）增强型MOS场效应管enhancementmodeMOSFET（E-MOSFET）源极source栅极grid漏极drain跨导transconductance夹断电压pinch-offvoltage热敏电阻thermistor开路open短路shorted基本放大器放大器amplifier正向偏置forwardbias反向偏置backwardbias静态工作点quiescentpoint（Q-point）等效电路equivalentcircuit电压放大倍数voltagegain总的电压放大倍数overallvoltagegain饱和saturation截止cut-off放大区amplifierregion饱和区saturationregion截止区cut-offregion失真distortion饱和失真saturationdistortion截止失真cut-offdistortion零点漂移zerodrift正反馈positivefeedback负反馈negativefeedback串联负反馈seriesnegativefeedback并联负反馈parallelnegativefeedback共射极放大器common-emitteramplifier射极跟随器emitter-follower共源极放大器common-sourceamplifier共漏极放大器common-drainamplifier多级放大器multistageamplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitancecoupledamplifier直接耦合放大器direct-coupledamplifier输入电阻inputresistance输出电阻outputresistance负载电阻loadresistance动态电阻dynamicresistance负载电流loadcurrent旁路电容bypasscapacitor耦合电容coupledcapacitor直流通路directcurrentpath交流通路alternatingcurrentpath直流分量directcurrentcomponent交流分量alternatingcurrentcomponent变阻器（电位器）rheostat电阻（器）resistor电阻（值）resistance电容（器）capacitor电容（量）capacitance电感（器，线圈）inductor电感（量），感应系数inductance正弦电压sinusoidalvoltage集成运算放大器及应用差动放大器differentialamplifier运算放大器operationalamplifier（op-amp）失调电压offsetvoltage失调电流offsetcurrent共模信号common-modesignal差模信号different-modesignal共模抑制比common-moderejectionratio（CMRR）积分电路integrator（circuit）微分电路differentiator（circuit）有源滤波器activefilter低通滤波器low-passfilter高通滤波器high-passfilter带通滤波器band-passfilter带阻滤波器band-stopfilter波特沃斯滤波器Butterworthfilter切比雪夫滤波器Chebyshevfilter贝塞尔滤波器Besselfilter截止频率cut-offfrequency上限截止频率uppercut-offfrequency下限截止频率lowercut-offfrequency中心频率centerfrequency带宽Bandwidth开环增益open-loopgain闭环增益closed-loopgain共模增益common-modegain输入阻抗inputimpedance电压跟随器voltage-follower电压源voltagesource电流源currentsource单位增益带宽unity-gainbandwidth频率响应frequencyresponse频响特性（曲线）responsecharacteristic波特图theBodeplot稳定性stability补偿compensation比较器comparator迟滞比较器hysteresiscomparator阶跃输入电压stepinputvoltage仪表放大器instrumentationamplifier隔离放大器isolationamplifier对数放大器logamplifier反对数放大器antilogamplifier反馈通道feedbackpath反向漏电流reverseleakagecurrent相位phase相移phaseshift锁相环phase-lockedloop（PLL）锁相环相位监测器PLLphasedetector和频sumfrequency差频differencefrequency波形发生电路振荡器oscillatorRC振荡器RCoscillatorLC振荡器LCoscillator正弦波振荡器sinusoidaloscillator三角波发生器triangularwavegenerator方波发生器squarewavegenerator幅度magnitude电平level饱和输出电平（电压）saturatedoutputlevel功率放大器功率放大器poweramplifier交越失真cross-overdistortion甲类功率放大器classApoweramplifier乙类推挽功率放大器classBpush-pullpoweramplifierOTL功率放大器outputtransformerlesspoweramplifierOCL功率放大器outputcapacitorlesspoweramplifier直流稳压电源半波整流full-waverectifier全波整流half-waverectifier电感滤波器inductorfilter电容滤波器capacitorfilter串联型稳压电源series（voltage）regulator开关型稳压电源switching（voltage）regulator集成稳压器IC（voltage）regulator晶闸管及可控整流电路晶闸管thyristor单结晶体管unijunctiontransistor（UJT）可控整流controlledrectifier可控硅silicon-controlledrectifier峰点peakpoint谷点valleypoint控制角controllingangle导通角turn-onangle门电路与逻辑代数二进制binary二进制数binarynumber十进制decimal十六进制hexadecimal二-十进制binarycodeddecimal（BCD）门电路gate三态门tri-stategate与门ANDgate或门ORgate非门NOTgate与非门NANDgate或非门NORgate异或门exclusive-ORgate反相器inverter布尔代数Booleanalgebra真值表truthtable卡诺图theKarnaughmap逻辑函数logicfunction逻辑表达式logicexpression组合逻辑电路组合逻辑电路combinationlogiccircuit译码器decoder编码器coder比较器comparator半加器half-adder全加器full-adder七段显示器seven-segmentdisplay时序逻辑电路时序逻辑电路sequentiallogiccircuitR-S触发器R-Sflip-flopD触发器Dflip-flopJ-K触发器J-Kflip-flop主从型触发器master-slaveflip-flop置位set复位reset直接置位端direct-setterminal直接复位端direct-resetterminal寄存器register移位寄存器shiftregister双向移位寄存器bidirectionalshiftregister计数器counter同步计数器synchronouscounter异步计数器asynchronouscounter加法计数器addingcounter减法计数器subtractingcounter定时器timer清除（清0）clear载入load时钟脉冲clockpulse触发脉冲triggerpulse上升沿positiveedge下降沿negativeedge时序图timingdiagram波形图waveform脉冲波形的产生与整形单稳态触发器monostableflip-flop双稳态触发器bistableflip-flop无稳态振荡器astableoscillator晶体crystal555定时器555timer模拟信号与数字信号的相互转换模拟信号analogsignal数字信号digitalsignalAD转换器analog-digitalconverter（ADC）DA转换器digital-analogconverter（DAC）半导体存储器只读存储器read-onlymemory（ROM）随机存取存储器random-accessmemory（RAM）可编程ROMprogrammableROM（PROM）常见英文缩写解释（按字母顺序排列）：

ASIC:

ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit.专用IC

CPLD:

ComplexProgrammableLogicDevice.复杂可编程逻辑器件

EDA:

 ElectronicDesignAutomation. 电子设计自动化

FPGA:

FieldProgrammableGateArray.现场可编程门阵列

GAL:

 GenericArrayLogic.     通用阵列逻辑

HDL:

 HardwareDescriptionLanguage. 硬件描述语言

IP:

 IntelligentProperty.   智能模块

PAL:

 ProgrammableArrayLogic. 可编程阵列逻辑

RTL:

 RegisterTransferLevel. 寄存器传输级描述）

SOC:

 SystemOnaChip.     片上系统

SLIC:

 SystemLevelIC.      系统级IC

VHDL:

VeryhighspeedintegratedcircuitHardwareDescriptionLanguage. 超高速集成电路硬件描述语言

　　ASIC（专用集成电路）

　　Application-SpecificIntegratedCircuit.Apieceofcustom-designedhardware

　　inachip.专用集成电路。

一个在一个芯片上定制设计的硬件。

　　addressbus（地址总线）

　　Asetofelectricallinesconnectedtotheprocessorandalloftheperipher

　　alswithwhichitcommunicates.Theaddressbusisusedbytheprocessortoselectaspecificmemorylocation

orregisterwithinaparticularperipheral.Iftheaddressbuscontainsnelectricallines,theprocessorcan

uniquelyaddressupto2^nsuchlocations.一个连接处理器与所有外设的，用来通讯的电子线路集。

地址总线被处理

器用来选择在特定外设中的存储器地址或寄存器。

如果地址总线有n条电子线路，处理器能唯一寻址高达2^n的地址空间

。

　　applicationsoftware（应用软件）

　　Describessoftwaremodulesspecifictoaparticularembeddedproject.Theapplications