John Lennon.docx

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JohnLennon

JohnLennon

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

ThisarticleisabouttheBeatlesmember.Forotheruses,seeJohnLennon（disambiguation）.

"Lennon"redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeLennon（disambiguation）.

JohnLennon

MBE

JohnLennonpeace.jpg

JohnLennon,1969

BornJohnWinstonLennon

9October1940

Liverpool,England

Died8December1980（aged40）

NewYorkCity,UnitedStates

CauseofdeathMurderbyshooting

Occupation

Singersongwriterrecordproducerartistwriteractivist

Yearsactive1957–75,1980

Spouse（s）

CynthiaPowell（m.1962–68）

YokoOno（m.1969–80）

Children

JulianLennon

SeanLennon

Website

Musicalcareer

Genres

Rockpopexperimental

Instruments

Vocalsguitarpianoharmonica

Labels

ParlophoneCapitolAppleGeffenPolydor

Associatedacts

TheQuarrymenTheBeatlesPlasticOnoBandHarryNilssonTheDirtyMacYokoOnoDavidBowieEltonJohn

Notableinstruments

Rickenbacker325

EpiphoneCasino

GibsonJ-160E

Mellotron

Signature

FirmadeJohnLennon.svg

JohnWinstonOnoLennonMBE（bornJohnWinstonLennon;9October1940–8December1980）wasanEnglishsingerandsongwriterwhorosetoworldwidefameasaco-founderofthebandtheBeatles,themostcommerciallysuccessfulbandinthehistoryofpopularmusic.WithfellowmemberPaulMcCartney,heformedacelebratedsongwritingpartnership.

BornandraisedinLiverpool,asateenagerLennonbecameinvolvedintheskifflecraze;hisfirstband,theQuarrymen,evolvedintotheBeatlesin1960.Whenthegroupdisbandedin1970,LennonembarkedonasolocareerthatproducedthecriticallyacclaimedalbumsJohnLennon/PlasticOnoBandandImagine,andiconicsongssuchas"GivePeaceaChance","WorkingClassHero",and"Imagine".AfterhismarriagetoYokoOnoin1969,hechangedhisnametoJohnOnoLennon.Lennondisengagedhimselffromthemusicbusinessin1975toraisehisinfantsonSean,butre-emergedwithOnoin1980withthenewalbumDoubleFantasy.Hewasmurderedthreeweeksafteritsrelease.

Lennonrevealedarebelliousnatureandacerbicwitinhismusic,writing,drawings,onfilmandininterviews.Controversialthroughhispoliticalandpeaceactivism,hemovedtoManhattanin1971,wherehiscriticismoftheVietnamWarresultedinalengthyattemptbyRichardNixon'sadministrationtodeporthim,whilesomeofhissongswereadoptedasanthemsbytheanti-warmovementandthelargercounterculture.

Asof2012,Lennon'ssoloalbumsalesintheUnitedStatesexceeded14millionand,aswriter,co-writer,orperformer,heisresponsiblefor25number-onesinglesontheUSHot100chart.In2002,aBBCpollonthe100GreatestBritonsvotedhimeighthand,in2008,RollingStonerankedhimthefifth-greatestsingerofalltime.HewasposthumouslyinductedintotheSongwritersHallofFamein1987andintotheRockandRollHallofFametwice,asamemberoftheBeatlesin1988andasasoloartistin1994.[1]

Contents[hide]

1Biography

1.11940–57:

Earlyyears

1.21957–70:

TheQuarrymentotheBeatles

1.2.11957–66:

Formation,commercialbreak-outandtouringyears

1.2.21967–70:

Studioyears,break-upandsolowork

1.31970–80:

Solocareer

1.3.11970–72:

Initialsolosuccessandactivism

1.3.21973–75:

"Lostweekend"

1.3.31975–80:

Retirementandreturn

1.48December1980:

Death

2Personalrelationships

2.1CynthiaLennon

2.2BrianEpstein

2.3JulianLennon

2.4YokoOno

2.5MayPang

2.6SeanLennon

2.7FormerBeatles

3Politicalactivism

3.1Deportationattempt

3.2FBIsurveillanceanddeclassifieddocuments

4Writingandart

5Musicianship

5.1Instrumentsplayed

5.2Vocalstyle

6Legacy

6.1Awardsandsales

7Discography

8Filmography

8.1Film

8.2Television

9Bibliography

10Seealso

11Notes

12Citations

13Sources

14Externallinks

Biography

1940–57:

Earlyyears

Lennonwasborninwar-timeEngland,on9October1940atLiverpoolMaternityHospitaltoJulia（néeStanley）andAlfredLennon,amerchantseamanofIrishdescent,whowasawayatthetimeofhisson'sbirth.[2]HisparentsnamedhimJohnWinstonLennonafterhispaternalgrandfather,John"Jack"Lennon,andthen-PrimeMinisterWinstonChurchill.[3]Hisfatherwasoftenawayfromhomebutsentregularpaychequesto9NewcastleRoad,Liverpool,whereLennonlivedwithhismother;[4]thechequesstoppedwhenhewentabsentwithoutleaveinFebruary1944.[5][6]Whenheeventuallycamehomesixmonthslater,heofferedtolookafterthefamily,butJulia—bythenpregnantwithanotherman'schild—rejectedtheidea.[7]Afterhersister,MimiSmith,twicecomplainedtoLiverpool'sSocialServices,JuliahandedthecareofLennonovertoher.InJuly1946Lennon'sfathervisitedSmithandtookhissontoBlackpool,secretlyintendingtoemigratetoNewZealandwithhim.[8]Juliafollowedthem—withherpartneratthetime,'Bobby'Dykins—andafteraheatedargumenthisfatherforcedthefive-year-oldtochoosebetweenthem.Lennontwicechosehisfather,butashismotherwalkedaway,hebegantocryandfollowedher.[9]Itwouldbe20yearsbeforehehadcontactwithhisfatheragain.[10]

Agreytwo-storybuilding,withnumerouswindowsvisibleonbothlevels

251MenloveAvenue,whereLennonlivedformostofhischildhood

Throughouttherestofhischildhoodandadolescencehelivedwithhisauntanduncle,MimiandGeorgeSmith,whohadnochildrenoftheirown,atMendips,251MenloveAvenue,Woolton.[11]Hisauntpurchasedvolumesofshortstoriesforhim,andhisuncle,adairymanathisfamily'sfarm,boughthimamouthorganandengagedhiminsolvingcrosswordpuzzles.[12]JuliavisitedMendipsonaregularbasis,andwhenJohnwas11yearsoldheoftenvisitedherat1BlomfieldRoad,Liverpool,wheresheplayedhimElvisPresleyrecords,taughthimthebanjo,andshowedhimhowtoplay"Ain'tThataShame"byFatsDomino.[13]InSeptember1980,Lennoncommentedabouthisfamilyandhisrebelliousnature:

Partofmewouldliketobeacceptedbyallfacetsofsocietyandnotbethisloudmouthedlunaticpoet/musician.ButIcannotbewhatIamnot...Iwastheonewhoalltheotherboys'parents—includingPaul'sfather—wouldsay,'Keepawayfromhim'...TheparentsinstinctivelyrecognisedIwasatroublemaker,meaningIdidnotconformandIwouldinfluencetheirchildren,whichIdid.Ididmybesttodisrupteveryfriend'shome...PartlyoutofenvythatIdidn'thavethisso-calledhome...butIdid...Therewerefivewomenthatweremyfamily.Fivestrong,intelligent,beautifulwomen,fivesisters.Onehappenedtobemymother.[She]justcouldn'tdealwithlife.Shewastheyoungestandshehadahusbandwhoranawaytoseaandthewarwasonandshecouldn'tcopewithme,andIendeduplivingwithhereldersister.Nowthosewomenwerefantastic...Andthatwasmyfirstfeministeducation...Iwouldinfiltratetheotherboysminds.Icouldsay,"ParentsarenotgodsbecauseIdon'tlivewithmineand,therefore,Iknow.'[14]

Heregularlyvisitedhiscousin,StanleyParkes,wholivedinFleetwood.SevenyearsLennon'ssenior,Parkestookhimontripsandtolocalcinemas.[15]Duringtheschoolholidays,ParkesoftenvisitedLennonwithLeilaHarvey,anothercousin,oftentravellingtoBlackpooltwoorthreetimesaweektowatchshows.TheywouldvisittheBlackpoolTowerCircusandseeartistssuchasDickieValentine,ArthurAskey,MaxBygravesandJoeLoss,withParkesrecallingthatLennonparticularlylikedGeorgeFormby.[16]AfterParkes'sfamilymovedtoScotland,thethreecousinsoftenspenttheirschoolholidaystogetherthere.Parkesrecalled,"John,cousinLeilaandIwereveryclose.FromEdinburghwewoulddriveuptothefamilycroftatDurness,whichwasfromaboutthetimeJohnwasnineyearsolduntilhewasabout16."[17]Hewas14yearsoldwhenhisuncleGeorgediedofaliverhaemorrhageon5June1955（aged52）.[18]

LennonwasraisedasanAnglicanandattendedDovedalePrimarySchool.[19]FromSeptember1952to1957,afterpassinghisEleven-Plusexam,heattendedQuarryBankHighSchoolinLiverpool,andwasdescribedbyHarveyatthetimeas,"Ahappy-go-lucky,good-humoured,easygoing,livelylad."[20]Heoftendrewcomicalcartoonswhichappearedinhisownself-madeschoolmagazinecalledTheDailyHowl,[21]butdespitehisartistictalent,hisschoolreportsweredamning:

"Certainlyontheroadtofailure...hopeless...ratheraclowninclass...wastingotherpupils'time."[22]

Hismotherboughthimhisfirstguitarin1956,aninexpensiveGallotoneChampionacousticforwhichshe"lent"hersonfivepoundsandtenshillingsontheconditionthattheguitarbedeliveredtoherownhouse,andnotMimi's,knowingwellthathersisterwasnotsupportiveofherson'smusicalaspirations.[23]AsMimiwasscepticalofhisclaimthathewouldbefamousoneday,shehopedhewouldgrowboredwithmusic,oftentellinghim,"Theguitar'sallverywell,John,butyou'llnevermakealivingoutofit".[24]On15July1958,whenLennonwas17yearsold,hismother,walkinghomeaftervisitingtheSmiths'house,wasstruckbyacarandkilled.[25]

LennonfailedallhisGCEO-levelexaminations,andwasacceptedintotheLiverpoolCollegeofArtonlyafterhisauntandheadmasterintervened.[26]Onceatthecollege,hestartedwearingTeddyBoyclothesandacquiredareputationfordisruptingclassesandridiculingteachers.Asaresult,hewasexcludedfromthepaintingclass,thenthegraphicartscourse,andwasthreatenedwithexpulsionforhisbehaviour,whichincludedsittingonanudemodel'slapduringalifedrawingclass.[27]Hefailedanannualexam,despitehelpfromfellowstudentandfuturewifeCynthiaPowell,andwas"thrownoutofthecollegebeforehisfinalyear."[28]

1957–70:

TheQuarrymentotheBea