John Lennon.docx

1、John LennonJohn LennonFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the Beatles member. For other uses, see John Lennon (disambiguation).Lennon redirects here. For other uses, see Lennon (disambiguation).John LennonMBEJohnLennonpeace.jpgJohn Lennon, 1969Born John Winston Lennon9 October

2、 1940Liverpool, EnglandDied 8 December 1980 (aged 40)New York City, United StatesCause of death Murder by shootingOccupation Singersongwriterrecord producerartistwriteractivistYears active 195775, 1980Spouse(s) Cynthia Powell (m. 196268)Yoko Ono (m. 196980)Children Julian LennonSean LennonWebsite Mu

3、sical careerGenres RockpopexperimentalInstruments VocalsguitarpianoharmonicaLabels ParlophoneCapitolAppleGeffenPolydorAssociated acts The QuarrymenThe BeatlesPlastic Ono BandHarry NilssonThe Dirty MacYoko OnoDavid BowieElton JohnNotable instrumentsRickenbacker 325Epiphone CasinoGibson J-160EMellotro

4、nSignatureFirma de John Lennon.svgJohn Winston Ono Lennon MBE (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 1940 8 December 1980) was an English singer and songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as a co-founder of the band the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music. Wit

5、h fellow member Paul McCartney, he formed a celebrated songwriting partnership.Born and raised in Liverpool, as a teenager Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze; his first band, the Quarrymen, evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a solo career

6、that produced the critically acclaimed albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, and iconic songs such as Give Peace a Chance, Working Class Hero, and Imagine. After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he changed his name to John Ono Lennon. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in

7、1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release.Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and

8、peace activism, he moved to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixons administration to deport him, while some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.As of 2012, Lennons solo album sa

9、les in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He

10、 was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, as a member of the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 1994.1Contents hide 1 Biography1.1 194057: Early years1.2 195770: The Quarrymen to the Beatles1.2.1 195766: Formation, commer

11、cial break-out and touring years1.2.2 196770: Studio years, break-up and solo work1.3 197080: Solo career1.3.1 197072: Initial solo success and activism1.3.2 197375: Lost weekend1.3.3 197580: Retirement and return1.4 8 December 1980: Death2 Personal relationships2.1 Cynthia Lennon2.2 Brian Epstein2.

12、3 Julian Lennon2.4 Yoko Ono2.5 May Pang2.6 Sean Lennon2.7 Former Beatles3 Political activism3.1 Deportation attempt3.2 FBI surveillance and declassified documents4 Writing and art5 Musicianship5.1 Instruments played5.2 Vocal style6 Legacy6.1 Awards and sales7 Discography8 Filmography8.1 Film8.2 Tele

13、vision9 Bibliography10 See also11 Notes12 Citations13 Sources14 External linksBiography194057: Early yearsLennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital to Julia (ne Stanley) and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent, who was away at the time of hi

14、s sons birth.2 His parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John Jack Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill.3 His father was often away from home but sent regular pay cheques to 9 Newcastle Road, Liverpool, where Lennon lived with his mother;4 the cheques sto

15、pped when he went absent without leave in February 1944.56 When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, but Juliaby then pregnant with another mans childrejected the idea.7 After her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpools Social Services, Julia hand

16、ed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennons father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, secretly intending to emigrate to New Zealand with him.8 Julia followed themwith her partner at the time, Bobby Dykinsand after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose

17、between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her.9 It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again.10A grey two-story building, with numerous windows visible on both levels251 Menlove Avenue, where Lennon lived for most of

18、his childhoodThroughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own, at Mendips, 251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton.11 His aunt purchased volumes of short stories for him, and his uncle, a dairyman at his familys farm,

19、bought him a mouth organ and engaged him in solving crossword puzzles.12 Julia visited Mendips on a regular basis, and when John was 11 years old he often visited her at 1 Blomfield Road, Liverpool, where she played him Elvis Presley records, taught him the banjo, and showed him how to play Aint Tha

20、t a Shame by Fats Domino.13 In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature:Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society and not be this loudmouthed lunatic poet/musician. But I cannot be what I am not . I was the one who all the other boys parentsincl

21、uding Pauls fatherwould say, Keep away from him. The parents instinctively recognised I was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their children, which I did. I did my best to disrupt every friends home . Partly out of envy that I didnt have this so-called home . but I did.

22、 There were five women that were my family. Five strong, intelligent, beautiful women, five sisters. One happened to be my mother. She just couldnt deal with life. She was the youngest and she had a husband who ran away to sea and the war was on and she couldnt cope with me, and I ended up living wi

23、th her elder sister. Now those women were fantastic . And that was my first feminist education . I would infiltrate the other boys minds. I could say, Parents are not gods because I dont live with mine and, therefore, I know.14He regularly visited his cousin, Stanley Parkes, who lived in Fleetwood.

24、Seven years Lennons senior, Parkes took him on trips and to local cinemas.15 During the school holidays, Parkes often visited Lennon with Leila Harvey, another cousin, often travelling to Blackpool two or three times a week to watch shows. They would visit the Blackpool Tower Circus and see artists

25、such as Dickie Valentine, Arthur Askey, Max Bygraves and Joe Loss, with Parkes recalling that Lennon particularly liked George Formby.16 After Parkess family moved to Scotland, the three cousins often spent their school holidays together there. Parkes recalled, John, cousin Leila and I were very clo

26、se. From Edinburgh we would drive up to the family croft at Durness, which was from about the time John was nine years old until he was about 16.17 He was 14 years old when his uncle George died of a liver haemorrhage on 5 June 1955 (aged 52).18Lennon was raised as an Anglican and attended Dovedale

27、Primary School.19 From September 1952 to 1957, after passing his Eleven-Plus exam, he attended Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool, and was described by Harvey at the time as, A happy-go-lucky, good-humoured, easy going, lively lad.20 He often drew comical cartoons which appeared in his own self-ma

28、de school magazine called The Daily Howl,21 but despite his artistic talent, his school reports were damning: Certainly on the road to failure . hopeless . rather a clown in class . wasting other pupils time.22His mother bought him his first guitar in 1956, an inexpensive Gallotone Champion acoustic

29、 for which she lent her son five pounds and ten shillings on the condition that the guitar be delivered to her own house, and not Mimis, knowing well that her sister was not supportive of her sons musical aspirations.23 As Mimi was sceptical of his claim that he would be famous one day, she hoped he

30、 would grow bored with music, often telling him, The guitars all very well, John, but youll never make a living out of it.24 On 15 July 1958, when Lennon was 17 years old, his mother, walking home after visiting the Smiths house, was struck by a car and killed.25Lennon failed all his GCE O-level exa

31、minations, and was accepted into the Liverpool College of Art only after his aunt and headmaster intervened.26 Once at the college, he started wearing Teddy Boy clothes and acquired a reputation for disrupting classes and ridiculing teachers. As a result, he was excluded from the painting class, the

32、n the graphic arts course, and was threatened with expulsion for his behaviour, which included sitting on a nude models lap during a life drawing class.27 He failed an annual exam, despite help from fellow student and future wife Cynthia Powell, and was thrown out of the college before his final year.28195770: The Quarrymen to the Bea