高考英语三轮冲刺大题提分大题精做4阅读理解说明文有解析.docx
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高考英语三轮冲刺大题提分大题精做4阅读理解说明文有解析
阅读理解说明文
A.
【2018年全国卷Ⅰ】Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.
Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?
Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.
1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.
C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.
2.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?
A.Toreducethecostofminerals.
B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.
C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.
D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.
3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?
A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.
C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.
4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?
A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.
C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.
【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.A
【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。
文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别,旧电子设备耗能高,不环保。
所以作者主张使用新电子设备。
1.观点态度题。
根据文章第一段中的That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.可知,使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。
这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。
由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。
故选A。
2.细节理解题。
根据文章第二段中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife可知,Babbitt’steam研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。
故选D。
3.细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段中的Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知,平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备,可以降低44%的耗能。
故选B。
4.推理判断题。
根据文章的整体内容可知,因为旧的电子设备耗能高,不环保。
所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。
故选A。
B
【2018年天津卷】There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:
food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingthere.
Foodproduction
Witha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame”,freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.
Sustainability(可持续性)
Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock"food"thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.
Nutrition
Future3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”
Challenges
Despiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.
5.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?
A.Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.
B.Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.
C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.
D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.
6.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraphs3?
A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.
B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.
C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.
D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.
7.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood________.
A.ismoreavailabletoconsumers
B.canmeetindividualnutritionalneeds
C.istastierthanfoodinsupermarkets
D.cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials
8.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?
A.Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.
B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.
C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.
D.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.
9.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.3DFoodPrinting:
DeliciousNewTechnology
B.ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrinting
C.TheChallengesfor3DFoodProduction
D.3DFoodPrinting:
FromFarmtoTable
【答案】5.B6.D7.B8.C9.A
【解析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。
文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展,但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。
5.推理判断题。
根据文章Foodproduction中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕,以及餐厅能够用3D打印出所有的菜肴和甜点,从而可以推断出3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。
故选B。
6.细节理解题。
根据文章第三段Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).可知,3D打印机可以使用可再生材料作为食物来源。
故选D。
7.推理判断题。
根据文章第四段Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.(食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物),从而可以推断出3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。
故选B。
8.细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.可知,阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的,含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很容易坏。
故选C。
9.主旨大意题。
文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展,但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。
所以用标题3DFoodPrinting:
DeliciousNewTechnology,故选A。
模拟精做
A
【2018年秋四川省棠湖中学高三期末】Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.
DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.
Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.
10.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?
A.Itsbusinessculture.
B.Itssmallpopulation.
C.Itsgeographicalposition.
D.Itsfavorableclimate.
11.Whatdoweknow