职称英语卫生类新增ABC类.docx
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职称英语卫生类新增ABC类
2012年卫生类教材新增
今年卫生类的新增文章还是集中在阅读理解和完形填空两部分,共增加新增文章10篇。
其中阅读理解的文章总共增加5篇,A级新增两篇,B级新增两篇,C级新增一篇;完形填空部分也是一共增加5篇,其中A级增加3篇,B级增加1篇,C级增加1篇。
1、 卫生类新增文章难度变化分析
1)阅读理解。
去年的卫生类的新增文章的题目是比较难的,今年整体难度并没有增加。
今年的C级的文章在难度上都没有太大的变化。
A级和B级新增文章难度要大一些,难度主要体现在:
第一点阅读理解的文章比较长,段落比较少的文章其段落很长。
句子也是以长句子为主;第二点题面句子都比较长;第三点是阅读理解题目中,推断类和态度类的题目比较多,难度要大一些。
2)完形填空。
完形填空的难度变化不是很大。
其中A级的完形填空题目中的“Health Profile健康概貌”这篇文章的难度是C级难度。
文章段落和题目都相对比较简单一些。
所以整体而言,完形填空新增文章的题目难度有所降低,但是备考的范围增加了,因为A级要准备3篇文章。
3、卫生类文章替换规律变化
1)2012年的阅读理解和完形填空的新增文章总数都是5篇,这5篇的分布情况阅读理解是1(C)+2(B)+2(A),完型是1(C)+1(B)+3(A)的分配规律。
C级的这两种题型新增的均是1篇。
2)与去年(2011年新增文章)相比,新增文章替换数量的变化:
阅读理解发生的变化是:
去年A级和C级各新增1篇,B级新增两篇,比其他各个级别多新增一篇;今年整体数量上增加1篇,这一篇是A级新增,也就是今年A级比去年的新增数量多了一篇。
完型填空发生的变化是:
去年完形填空A级新增1篇,B级新增2篇,C级新增1篇;今年不仅是整体数量上增加了一篇,在分布上也发生了改变,今年的A级新增了3篇文章,比去年新增文章多出了两篇,而B级的新增情况是减少了一篇,今年只是新增了一篇。
整体的分析而言,不管是阅读理解和完形填空,C级文章在新增文章数量上都没有发生改变,而B级完形填空的新增文章数量均发生了变化,A级的阅读理解和完型填空在新增文章数量上都发生了变化。
3)第三点值得注意的是,今年的教材很多替换掉的是去年的新增文章,这和以前每年以替换掉很老的文章是不同的。
比如今年C级的“Eat Healthy健康饮食”替换掉的是去年的新增文章“Attitudes to AIDS Now对待艾滋病的最新态度”;A级的“A Health Profile 健康概貌”替换掉了去年的“Homosexuals同性恋者”。
4)今年卫生类的新增文章大部分是选自综合以及理工类教材中原有的老文章。
这也是今年才有的新的替换趋势。
这也正是从侧面反应了今年的卫生类文章题材的变化,题材会更偏向于综合类。
3、 卫生类新增文章题材分析
1)今年卫生类的新增文章在题材上面最显著的变化就是专业性侧重点的转变。
今年的新增文章没有出现疾病类以及药物类讲解文章。
文章的题材均是有向综合类题材靠拢的趋势。
文章内容更加贴近于生活,贴近于社会生活热点。
2)卫生类今年新增文章主题大部分是和饮食、睡眠、健康、寿命等相关的健康常识和健康理念。
这些也均是生活中的热点问题。
选择的题材更具有新闻价值和社会关注度,这在某种程度上来看,也是在考察考生对社会焦点问题的关注和了解
2012年职称英语综合类
新增文章篇目
注:
1、2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解
第八篇EatHealthy
"Cleanyourplate!
"and"Beamemberoftheclean-plate-club!
"JustabouteverykidintheUShasheardthisfromaparentorgrandparent.Often,it'saccompaniedbyanappeal:
"JustthinkaboutthosestarvingorphansinAfrica!
"Sure,weshouldbegratefulforeverybiteoffood.Unfortunately,manypeopleintheUStaketoomanybites.Insteadofstaying"cleantheplate",perhapsweshouldsavesomefoodfortomorrow.
Accordingtonewsreports,USrestaurantsarepartlytoblameforthegrowingbellies.Awaiterputsaplateoffoodinfrontofeachcustomer,withtwotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythegovernment,accordingtoaUSATodaystory.Americanstraditionallyassociatequantitywithvalueandmostrestaurantstrytogivethemthat.Theyprefertohavecustomerscomplainabouttoomuchfoodratherthantoolittle.
BarbaraRolls,anutritionprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,toldUSATodaythatrestaurantportionsizesbegantogrowinthe1970s,thesametimethattheAmericanwaistlinebegantoexpand.
Healthexpertshavetriedtogetmanyrestaurantstoservesmallerportions.Now,apparently,somecustomersarecallingforthistoo.TherestaurantindustrytrademagazineQSRreportedlastmonththat57percentofmorethan4,000peoplesurveyedbelieverestaurantsserveportionsthataretoolarge;23percenthadnoopinion;20percentdisagreed.ButacloserlookatthesurveyindicatesthatmanyAmericanswhocan'taffordfinediningstillpreferlargeportions.Seventypercentofthoseearningatleast$150,000peryearprefersmallerportions;butonly45percentofthoseearninglessthan$25,000wantsmaller.
It'snotthatworkingclassAmericansdon'twanttoeathealthy.It'sjustthat,afterlonghoursatlow-payingjobs,gettinglessontheirplatehardlyseemslikeagooddeal.Theylivefrompaychecktopaycheck,happytosavealittlemoneyfornextyear'sChristmaspresents.
词汇:
orphan/''?
:
f?
n]/n.孤儿
belly/'beli/n.肚子
nutrition/nju:
'tri?
?
n/n.营养
waistline/'weistlain/n.腰围
paycheck/'pei't?
ek/n.薪金支票
注释:
1.Beamemberoftheclean-plateclub!
做清盘俱乐部的成员
2.JustthinkaboutthosestarvingorphansinAfrica!
只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!
3.taketoomanybites吃得太多
4.AWaiterputsaplateoffoodinfrontofeachcustomer,withtwotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythegovernment,accordingtoaUSATodaystory.根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事,服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜,其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。
5.It'sjustthat,afterlonghoursatlow-payingjobs,gettinglessontheirplatehardlyseemslikea
gooddeal.事情是这样的,美国工人觉得做许多个小时低收入的工作下来,盘子里的饭菜量小有点不合算。
第十九篇ProlongingHumanLife
Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation.Manypeoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeenborn100yearsago.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeoplearoundatanygiventime.Infact,itisadecreaseindeathrates,notanincreaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.
Prolonginghumanlifehasalsoincreasedthedependencyload.Inallsocieties,peoplewhoaredisabledortooyoungortoooldtoworkaredependentontherestofsocietytoprovideforthem.Inhuntingandgatheringcultures,oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeleftbehindtodie.Intimesoffamine,infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycouldnotsurviveiftheirparentsstarved,whereasiftheparentssurvivedtheycouldhaveanotherchild.Inmostcontemporarysocieties,peoplefeelamoralobligationtokeeppeoplealivewhethertheycanworkornot.Wehaveagreatmanypeopletodaywholivepasttheageatwhichtheywanttoworkorareabletowork;wealsohaveruleswhichrequirepeopletoretireatacertainage.Unlessthesepeoplewereabletosavemoneyfortheirretirement,somebodyelsemustsupportthem.IntheUnitedStatesmanyretiredpeopleliveonsocialsecuritycheckswhicharesolittlethattheymustliveinnearpoverty.Olderpeoplehavemoreillnessthanyoungormiddle-agedpeople;unlesstheyhavewealthorprivateorgovernmentinsurance,theymustoften"goonwelfare"iftheyhaveaseriousillness.
Whenolderpeoplebecomesenileortooweakandilltocareforthemselves,theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.Inthepastandinsometraditionalcultures,theywouldbecaredforathomeuntiltheydied.Today,withmostmembersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftennooneathomewhocancareforasickorweakperson.Tomeetthisneed,agreatmanynursinghomesandconvalescenthospitalshavebeenbuilt.Theseareoftenprofit-makingorganizations,althoughsomearesponsoredbyreligiousandothernonprofitgroups.Whileafewoftheseinstitutionsarcgood,mostofthemaresimply"dumpinggrounds"forthedyinginwhich"care"isgivenbypoorlypaid,overworked,andunder-skilledpersonnel.
词汇:
dependency/di'pend?
nsi/n.依赖性
contemporary/k?
n'temp?
r?
ri/α.现代的
obligation/,?
bli'ɡei?
?
n/n.义务
insurance/in'?
u?
r?
ns/n.保险
welfare/'welfε?
/n.福利
senile/'si:
nail/αdj.衰老的
grave/ɡreiv/αdj.严肃的
convalescent/,k?
nv?
'les?
nt/αdj.康复的
sponsor/'sp?
ns?
/v.发起,资助
institution/,insti'tju:
?
?
n/n.机构
注释:
1.Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation:
延长人类生命的结果使得人口的数量有了增加。
句中的prolonginghumanlife是动名词短语。
由动名词短语作句子的主语时,句中动词必须用单数形式。
如:
Collectingstampsishishobby.
2.Manypeoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeenborn100yearsago:
如果今天活着的很多人生于一百年以前,他们会死于各种儿童疾病。
3.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeoplearoundatanygiventime:
因为有更多的人寿命更长,所以在任何一个特定的时间里的人也就更多。
4.thedependencyload:
抚养人口数量。
5.Intimesoffamine:
在饥荒年代
6.goonwelfare:
靠福利救济
goon有许多意思,其中的一个意思是"依靠……过活"。
例:
Manypeoplegoonwelfarewhenjobsbecomescarce.
(工作难找时,许多人靠政府救济金过日子。
)
7.graveproblems:
严重的问题
8.convalescenthospitals:
康复医院;疗养院
9.profit-makingorganizations:
赢利机构
10.dumpinggrounds:
垃圾场
*第二十四篇SleepLetsBrainFileMemories
Tosleep.Perchancetofile?
FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz's.
GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversity5andhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specifically,theyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfrom6thesomatosensoryneocortex(anareathatprocessessensoryinformation)andthehippocampus,whichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindles(burstsofactivityfromtheneocortex)werefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.Asecondstudy,alsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels.
Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,whichtendtoincreasewithage,affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministered11recalltests,brainscansandglucosetolerancetests,whichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody'stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inaddition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.
"Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairment12maycontributetothememorydeficits13thatoccuraspeopleage."Convitsays."Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition.14"Exerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsincheck15,sotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.
词汇:
perchance[p?
't?
ɑ:
ns]adv.偶然;可能
online['?
nlain]n.在线的
stow[st?
u]vt.贮藏,堆装
emanate['em?
neit]vi.发源
somatosensory[,s?
um?
t?
'sens?
ri]adj.体觉的
neocortex[,ni:
?
u'k?
:
teks]n.新(大脑)皮质
oscillation[,?
si'lei?
?
n]n.振荡