2动词与句型.docx

2动词与句型.docx

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2动词与句型

No.2动词与句型

一．动词：

动词主要分为四类：

连系动词，行为动词，助动词和情态动词。

情态动词没有人称与数的分别，可以直接加NOT变否定，也可以直接提前变疑问，后面还直接加动词原形，可以说是万能动词。

1．can:

1）能，能够=beableto

Icanswim.Shecandriveacar.TheycanspeakEnglish.

2）可能=May

CanhecomeagainonSunday?

IwillcomebackassoonasIcan.

3）允许=May.could更为客气。

CanIuseyourpen?

4）Can与BE一起用于否定及疑问句表示怀疑，不相信：

Canhebealiar?

Hecan’tbealiar.

5）can’tbut只得，只能,can’thelpV-ing忍不住，不禁,cannot…too…无论怎样…也不过分；要尽量…;

Icannotbutlethimgo.Ican’thelplaughingonhearingsuchafunnystory.

Youcannotbetoocarefulincrossingthestreet.

Youcannotbeginthepracticetooearly.练习开始得越早越好。

Youcannotbetooquietinhavingaclass.上课时要尽量安静。

2．May:

1）.表示请求,但回答时，只能用can’t,mustn’t表示否定回答。

MayIuseyourpen?

Yes,youmay.

No,youcan’t.或:

No,youmustn’t.

2）.表示可能：

HemaycomebackonSunday.

3）.May与Be一起，表示把握不大的猜测：

Hemaybeathomenow.

4）.mayaswell=mightaswell:

不妨，还是…为好。

Shallwewalkortakeabus?

Wemayaswellwalk.

Wemight（just）aswellwalk.

5）.maywell=havegoodreasons是有理由的。

Youmaywellrefusehim.

6）.表示祝愿：

Mayyousucceed.

Mayyouhaveagreatholiday.

3.Must:

1）.表示“必须”，常为主观看法。

而haveto为客观要求。

Youmuststudyhard.

IhavetostudyhardbecauseIwilltakeanexamnextweek.

2）.mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”：

Youmustn’ttalkwhiletheteacherisgivingalecture.

3）对于以must提问的一般疑问句，否定应用needn’t代替。

MustIdoitnow?

Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.

4）.Must与be一起在肯定句中表示把握极大的可能：

Hemustbeathomenowbecauseheissickinbed.

4.Should与oughtto:

（义务，劝告，责任）应该

Youshouldstudyhardinordertogethighmarksinthefinals.

Yououghtnottoplaywithhim,becauseheisaverydirtyboy.

Oughtwedoitrightnow?

5.wouldrather宁肯，宁愿

Iwouldratherbuyanewone.

Iwouldratherwalktherethanwaithere.

6.hadbetter最好

You’dbetterleavethedogalone.

We’dbettertellherthetruth.

7.情态动词与完成式：

1）.CanhaveV-ed2表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定：

Canhehavefinishedtheexercises?

Hecan’thavemadesuchamistake.

2）．mighthaveV-ed2表示对过去行为把握不大的猜测，mighthaveV-ed2有时还带有责备的意味：

Itmayhavebeentrue.

Youmighthavefinisheditearlier.

3）．MusthaveV-ed2表示对过去行为把握极大的猜测;needn’thaveV-ed2本来不必做…

ShemusthavestudiedEnglishbefore.

Youneedn’thavecomeoveryourself.

4）．shouldhaveV-ed2,shouldn’thaveV-ed2表示对过去应该做而未做，或不该做而做了的行为的责备：

Theyshouldhavemadeagoodjobofit.

Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.

MultipleChoice:

1.Billtoldmethat____livewithhisroommatesagainnextyear.

A.he’drathernotB.hewon’tratherC.he’llratherD.he’dratherdidn’t

2.He___beinBeijingbecauseIsawhiminthelibraryonlyafewminutesago.

A.mustn’tB.can’tC.maynotD.isn’tableto

3.___youtellmewhathashappened?

A.MayB.MustC.CanD.Could

5.DoIhavetogetbackthisevening?

–No,you___.

A.needn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.mustnot

6.SusanandIcangotothelecture,___.

A.butneithercanCharlesB.andsoCharlescanC.butCharlescan’tD.andCharlesalsocan

7.“Thatmustbeamistake.”–“No,it___amistake.”

A.mustnotbeB.needn’tbeC.cannotbeD.wouldnotbe

8.You___bemorecarefulnexttime.

A.havetoB.mayC.mustD.hadto

9.___IwaterthetreesonTuesday?

–No,youneedn’t.

A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Shall

10.It___raintomorrow.

A.canB.mustC.shouldD.may

11.Thewheelsofhistory___notbeturnedback.

A.canB.shallC.needD.may

12.___youbehereateighto’clocktomorrowmorning?

A.WouldB.ShouldC.CanD.Could

13.___Ihaveatalkwiththemanagernow?

A.WillB.DidC.MayD.Can

14.Didyourbrotherbreakthewindow?

--He___havedoneit.

A.willnotB.isC.mayD.can

15.Sinceitisalreadymidnight,we___.

A.hadbetterleavingB.oughttohaveleaveC.shouldtakeourleaveD.mightaswellleave

16.Shedoesn’tanswerthedoorbell.She___beasleep.

A.oughttoB.mightC.musthaveD.should

17.___youbehappy!

A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Would

18.We___bookatable___therestaurantwon’tbefullthisevening.

A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.don’t

19.Weshall___hurryifwearegoingtocatchthe12:

00train.

A.mustB.needC.necessaryD.haveto

20.You___atonce.

A.hadbettertogoB.hadbettergoC.hadtogobetterD.hadbettergone

21.I____mewhathappened.

A.wouldlikeyoutellB.wouldlikeyoutotellC.wouldlikeyoutellingD.wouldlikeyouthatyoutell

22.Myfather___suchathing.

A.cannotsayB.couldn’tsayC.maynotsayD.cannothavesaid

23.Ididn’tseehimatthelectureyesterday.He___.

A.mustn’tattendB.cannothaveattendedC.wouldhavenotattendedD.needn’thaveattended

24.Hewentonfoot,buthe___bybus.

A.mightofgoneB.shouldgoneC.couldhavegoneD.oughttohavegone

25.She___foryesterday’stest,butshedidn’t.

A.shouldhavestudiedB.wouldstudyC.mightbestudyingD.musthavestudied

26.I___tellherthetruth.

A.cannothelpB.cannotbutC.maynothelpD.couldbut

27.Iwasn’tsupposedtogotothemovies,butI___myself.

A.cannothelpB.couldn’tbutC.hadtohelpD.couldn’thelp

28.Hebegantowriteit2hoursago.He___havefinishedthearticlenow.

A.mightB.oughtC.oughttoD.hadto

29.He___liveinthecountrythaninthecity.

A.prefersB.likesbettertoC.hadbetterD.wouldrather

30.TheyaskedTomtogivehimadrink,buthe___.

A.hadn’tB.wasn’tC.wouldn’tD.shouldn’t

二．句型

（一）英语的句子可以根据结构分成简单句，并列句和复合句。

1．简单句可以分成五种基本句式。

2．并列句依据逻辑关系，可以用and（顺连）,but（转折）,so（结果）,or（选择）,for（原因）来连接。

Heworksinabigcompanyandhelikeshisjobverymuch.

Heworksveryhard,butthebossdoesn’tlikehimverymuch.

Theweatherwashot,sosheboughtanair-conditioner.

Hemustbearichman,forhewearsaveryexpensivewatch.

Youmusttellmethetruth,orIwillnevertalktoyouagain.

3.复合句可依照语法作用分成名词性从句，形容词性从句及副词性从句。

名词性从句分为四种：

主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句及同位语从句。

形容词性从句即定语从句。

副词性从句即状语从句。

（二）根据用途，英语的句子又可以分为陈述句，疑问句，感叹句及祈使句。

1．陈述句：

用来陈述一件事实，分为肯定句和否定句。

Icomefromthenorth.Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish.

2．疑问句：

分为一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句及反意疑问句。

一般疑问句又叫Yes-No问句，用动词提问，用yes,no回答：

AreyouChinese?

Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.

Didyouliveherelastyear?

Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.

选择疑问句前半部用一般疑问句，后半部用OR连接供选择的并列部分，回答时不用YES-NO：

Issheateacherorastudent?

Sheisateacher.Sheisastudent.Neither.Sheisadoctor.

反意疑问句分成两部分：

如果前句用肯定句，后句就用否定疑问；如果前句用否定句，后句就用肯定疑问.但无论哪种形式，回答时都按实际情况用YES，NO回答：

Youaren’tateacher,areyou?

Yes,Iam.

ShecanspeakEnglish,can’tshe?

No,shecan’t.

特殊疑问句用“疑问词+一般问句”的形式提问，回答时直接用肯定句回答。

常用的问词有：

who,whose,whom,what,when,where,why,which,andhow.

Whotoldyouthenews?

Whomdoyoulikebest?

Whosecaristhat?

Whatdidshestudyyesterday?

WhathadshedonebeforeIcamein?

Wheredidyoufindyourbike?

……

3．感叹句：

分为感叹名词和感叹形容词/副词两种。

感叹名词：

What+（a）+Noun+S+V!

Whatanicegirlsheis!

Whatkindpeopletheyare!

感叹形容词/副词:

How+adj./adv.+S+V!

Howniceitis!

Howhardtheyareworking!

4．祈使句：

分为肯定和否定两种。

肯定：

V原形+其他，please.

Comeinplease.Pleasecomein.

否定：

Don’t+V原形+其他，please.

Don’tdothat,please.

Pleasedon’ttalkinclass.

练习：

按要求转换句型。

1.Shehasknownthetruth.（变否定）

2.Theyplantedalotoftreeslastyear.（变一般疑问句）

3.Theyhave2children.（对划线部分提问）

4.WestudyEnglishhardbecauseitisthemostusefullanguageintheworld.（对划线部分提问）

5.Shelikesmeat.（用orfish变选择问句）.

6.Youwenttotheparty.（变反意疑问句）

7.Shehasabigcar.（对划线部分感叹）

8.Herunsfast.（对划线部分感叹）

9.Pleaselethimgo.（变否定）

10.HassheeverbeentotheUSAbefore?

（还原成肯定句）

1.Hecanplaybasketball.变否定

2.Theyboughtanewcarlastweek.变一般疑问句

3.Hehasfoundhiscar.对划线部分提问

4.Theyoftenhelpyou.变反意疑问句

5.Pleasetellhimthenews.变否定

6.HelivesinBeijing.（用orinShanghai变选择问句）

7.Theyhavealovelybaby.对划线部分感叹

8.Heworkshardatschool.对划线部分感叹

9.Theymusthelpyou.变一般疑问句

10.ShewillgotoBeijingbyplane.对划线部分提问