2动词与句型.docx

1、2动词与句型No. 2 动词与句型一动词：动词主要分为四类：连系动词，行为动词，助动词和情态动词。情态动词没有人称与数的分别，可以直接加NOT变否定，也可以直接提前变疑问，后面还直接加动词原形，可以说是万能动词。1 can:1) 能，能够 = be able to I can swim. She can drive a car. They can speak English.2）可能= MayCan he come again on Sunday? I will come back as soon as I can.3）允许= May. could更为客气。Can I use your pen

2、? 4）Can与BE一起用于否定及疑问句表示怀疑，不相信：Can he be a liar? He cant be a liar.5) cant but只得，只能, cant help V-ing忍不住，不禁, cannot too无论怎样也不过分；要尽量;I can not but let him go. I cant help laughing on hearing such a funny story.You cannot be too careful in crossing the street.You cannot begin the practice too early. 练习开始

3、得越早越好。You cannot be too quiet in having a class.上课时要尽量安静。2May:1). 表示请求, 但回答时，只能用cant, mustnt表示否定回答。May I use your pen? Yes, you may. No, you cant. 或: No, you mustnt.2). 表示可能：He may come back on Sunday.3). May与Be一起，表示把握不大的猜测：He may be at home now.4). may as well = might as well: 不妨，还是为好。Shall we walk

4、 or take a bus?We may as well walk.We might (just) as well walk.5). may well = have good reasons是有理由的。You may well refuse him.6). 表示祝愿：May you succeed.May you have a great holiday.3. Must:1). 表示“必须”， 常为主观看法。而have to为客观要求。You must study hard. I have to study hard because I will take an exam next week

5、.2). mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”：You mustnt talk while the teacher is giving a lecture.3) 对于以must提问的一般疑问句，否定应用neednt代替。Must I do it now?Yes, you must. No, you neednt.4).Must与be一起在肯定句中表示把握极大的可能： He must be at home now because he is sick in bed.4. Should与ought to:（义务，劝告，责任）应该You should study hard in order to get

6、 high marks in the finals.You ought not to play with him, because he is a very dirty boy.Ought we do it right now?5. would rather宁肯，宁愿I would rather buy a new one.I would rather walk there than wait here.6. had better最好Youd better leave the dog alone.Wed better tell her the truth.7. 情态动词与完成式：1). Can

7、 have V-ed2表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定：Can he have finished the exercises?He cant have made such a mistake.2)might have V-ed2表示对过去行为把握不大的猜测，might haveV-ed2有时还带有责备的意味： It may have been true.You might have finished it earlier.3)Must have V-ed2表示对过去行为把握极大的猜测; neednt have V-ed2本来不必做She must have studied English befo

8、re.You neednt have come over yourself.4)should have V-ed2, shouldnt have V-ed2表示对过去应该做而未做，或不该做而做了的行为的责备：They should have made a good job of it.You shouldnt have told her the truth.Multiple Choice:1. Bill told me that _ live with his roommates again next year.A. hed rather not B. he wont rather C. he

9、ll rather D. hed rather didnt2. He _ be in Beijing because I saw him in the library only a few minutes ago.A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. isnt able to3. _ you tell me what has happened?A. May B. Must C. Can D. Could5. Do I have to get back this evening? No, you _.A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mus

10、t not6. Susan and I can go to the lecture, _.A. but neither can Charles B. and so Charles can C. but Charles cant D. and Charles also can7. “That must be a mistake.” “No, it _ a mistake.”A. must not be B. neednt be C. cannot be D. would not be8. You _ be more careful next time.A. have to B. may C. m

11、ust D. had to9. _ I water the trees on Tuesday? No, you neednt.A. Can B. Must C. May D. Shall10. It _ rain tomorrow.A. can B. must C. should D. may11. The wheels of history _ not be turned back.A. can B. shall C. need D. may12. _ you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning?A. Would B. Should C. Can

12、 D. Could13. _ I have a talk with the manager now?A. Will B. Did C. May D. Can14. Did your brother break the window? - He _ have done it.A. will not B. is C. may D. can15. Since it is already midnight, we _.A. had better leaving B. ought to have leave C. should take our leave D. might as well leave1

13、6. She doesnt answer the doorbell. She _ be asleep.A. ought to B. might C. must have D. should17. _ you be happy!A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would18. We _ book a table _ the restaurant wont be full this evening.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. dont19. We shall _ hurry if we are going to catch the 12:00 t

14、rain.A. must B. need C. necessary D. have to20. You _ at once.A. had better to go B. had better go C. had to go better D. had better gone21. I _ me what happened.A. would like you tell B. would like you to tell C. would like you telling D. would like you that you tell22. My father _ such a thing.A.

15、cannot say B. couldnt say C. may not say D. cannot have said23. I didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. He _.A. mustnt attend B. cannot have attended C. would have not attended D. neednt have attended24. He went on foot, but he _ by bus.A. might of gone B. should gone C. could have gone D. ought t

16、o have gone25. She _ for yesterdays test, but she didnt.A. should have studied B. would study C. might be studying D. must have studied26. I _ tell her the truth.A. cannot help B. cannot but C. may not help D. could but27. I wasnt supposed to go to the movies, but I _ myself.A. cannot help B. couldn

17、t but C. had to help D. couldnt help28. He began to write it 2 hours ago. He _ have finished the article now.A. might B. ought C. ought to D. had to29. He _ live in the country than in the city.A. prefers B. likes better to C. had better D. would rather30. They asked Tom to give him a drink, but he

18、_.A. hadnt B. wasnt C. wouldnt D. shouldnt二句型（一）英语的句子可以根据结构分成简单句，并列句和复合句。1简单句可以分成五种基本句式。2并列句依据逻辑关系，可以用and（顺连）, but（转折）, so（结果）, or（选择）, for（原因）来连接。He works in a big company and he likes his job very much.He works very hard, but the boss doesnt like him very much.The weather was hot, so she bought an

19、 air-conditioner.He must be a rich man, for he wears a very expensive watch.You must tell me the truth, or I will never talk to you again.3. 复合句可依照语法作用分成名词性从句，形容词性从句及副词性从句。名词性从句分为四种：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句及同位语从句。形容词性从句即定语从句。副词性从句即状语从句。 （二）根据用途，英语的句子又可以分为陈述句，疑问句，感叹句及祈使句。1陈述句：用来陈述一件事实，分为肯定句和否定句。I come from the

20、 north. He doesnt speak English.2疑问句：分为一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句及反意疑问句。一般疑问句又叫Yes-No问句，用动词提问，用yes, no 回答：Are you Chinese? Yes, I am. No, I am not.Did you live here last year? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.选择疑问句前半部用一般疑问句，后半部用OR连接供选择的并列部分， 回答时不用YES-NO：Is she a teacher or a student? She is a teacher. She is a studen

21、t. Neither. She is a doctor.反意疑问句分成两部分：如果前句用肯定句，后句就用否定疑问；如果前句用否定句，后句就用肯定疑问. 但无论哪种形式，回答时都按实际情况用YES，NO回答：You arent a teacher, are you? Yes, I am. She can speak English, cant she? No, she cant.特殊疑问句用“疑问词 + 一般问句”的形式提问，回答时直接用肯定句回答。常用的问词有：who, whose, whom, what, when, where, why, which, and how.Who told y

22、ou the news?Whom do you like best?Whose car is that?What did she study yesterday?What had she done before I came in?Where did you find your bike?3感叹句：分为感叹名词和感叹形容词/副词两种。感叹名词：What + (a) + Noun + S + V! What a nice girl she is! What kind people they are!感叹形容词/副词: How + adj./adv. + S + V!How nice it is!

23、 How hard they are working!4祈使句：分为肯定和否定两种。肯定：V原形 + 其他，please.Come in please. Please come in.否定：Dont + V原形 + 其他，please.Dont do that, please.Please dont talk in class.练习：按要求转换句型。1. She has known the truth. （变否定）2. They planted a lot of trees last year. （变一般疑问句）3. They have 2 children. （对划线部分提问）4. We s

24、tudy English hard because it is the most useful language in the world. （对划线部分提问）5. She likes meat. (用or fish变选择问句). 6. You went to the party. （变反意疑问句）7. She has a big car. （对划线部分感叹）8. He runs fast. （对划线部分感叹）9. Please let him go. （变否定）10. Has she ever been to the USA before? （还原成肯定句）1. He can play ba

25、sketball. 变否定2. They bought a new car last week. 变一般疑问句3. He has found his car. 对划线部分提问4. They often help you. 变反意疑问句5. Please tell him the news. 变否定6. He lives in Beijing. (用or in Shanghai变选择问句)7. They have a lovely baby. 对划线部分感叹8. He works hard at school. 对划线部分感叹9. They must help you. 变一般疑问句10. She will go to Beijing by plane. 对划线部分提问