高考英语之主旨大意类专项练习.docx

高考英语之主旨大意类专项练习.docx

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高考英语之主旨大意类专项练习

第四讲主旨大意类专项练习

【分类真题】

（2019年全国卷II，D）

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?

It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution（解决方案）.“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

"Therearenotests,"Gordonsays."Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan'Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?

'Basically,it’s'I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct."

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（影响）oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills."ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach."Andthatannoyingbacteria?

GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.

32.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?

A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.

C.Theyappearindifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.

【答案】.A

【解析】推理判断题。

本题题干意为：

我们对国际空间站的细菌的了解有哪些？

根据题干中的关键词bacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation可定位至第一段。

根据第一段中Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.ThemicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.可知，国际空间站的细菌非常难处理，所以选择A项。

B:

它们导致空气污染；C:

它们以不同的形式出现；D:

它们毁坏仪器

33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

【答案】.D

【解析】细节理解题。

本题题干意为：

HUNCH项目的目的是什么？

第二段第一句HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.（HUNCH的设计目的是将高中教室与NASA的工程师联系在一起。

）中的highschoolclassrooms与D选项中的schooled-ucation（学校教育）对应，NASAengineers与D选项中的spacetechnol-ogy（空间技术）对应，故选D。

A:

为了加强师生关系；B:

为了提升学生的交流技能；C:

为了让学生体验失重

34.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?

A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.

C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.

【答案】.A

【解析】推理判断题。

本题题干意为：

NASA的工程师为参加此项目的学生做了些什么？

根据题干中的NASAengineersdo可定位至第三段的Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct,句中两次出现review（检查，审查）,证明NASA的工程师做的事情就是对学生做出的研究结果进行检查，所以答案是A项。

B:

指导项目设计；C:

调整工作时间表；D:

给他们的作业打分。

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NASA:

TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:

TheFinalHomeworkFrontier

C.Nature:

AnOutdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:

ACollegeAdmissionReform

【答案】.B

【解析】主旨大意题。

本题题干意为：

最适合本文的标题是什么？

本文主要介绍HUNCH项目，这个项目是有关太空研究的，而且研究者都是高中生。

根据以上要点可知，最佳选项是B项（Space:

TheFinalHomeworkFrontier）,Space对应太空研究，Homework对应高中教育，Frontier（前沿）突出了这个项目的领先性。

A:

NASA:

TheHomeofAstronauts,文章并非重点介绍NASA;C:

Nature:

AnOutdoorClass-room,Nature并不聚焦太空领域；D:

HUNCH:

ACollegeAdmissionReform,HUNCH项目不是大学入学改革

（2018年全国卷II，D）

We'veallbeenthere:

inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

What'stheproblem?

It'spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（润滑剂）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast."Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,"heexplains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”

Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction（互动）withitswaiter,theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience."it'snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband.”saysDunn."Butinteractionswithperipheral（边缘的）membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”

Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk."Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.

32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Addictiontosmartphones

B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces

C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.

D.Impatiencewithslowservice

Class-room,Nature并不聚焦太空领域；D:

HUNCH:

ACollegeAdmissionReform,HUNCH项目不是大学入学改革

（2018年全国卷II，D）

We'veallbeenthere:

inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

What'stheproblem?

It'spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（润滑剂）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast."Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,"heexplains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”

Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction（互动）withitswaiter,theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience."it'snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband.”saysDunn."Butinteractionswithperipheral（边缘的）membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”

Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk."Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.

32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Addictiontosmartphones

B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces

C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.

D.Impatiencewithslowservice

【答案】.C

【解析】细节理解题。

题干句意：

第一段描述的是什么现象？

根据第一段描述（无论我们身在何处，在电梯里、在银行排队或者在飞机上，我周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看智能手机，或是更坏，在和令人不安的沉默做斗争）可知，C项“陌生人之间缺乏交流”和首段描述一致，故答案为C项。

A项“手机控”只是该段描述现象时举的例子项“公共场合的不恰当行为”与首段意思不符；D项“对缓慢的服务缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述无关。

33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?

A.Showinggoodmanners.

B.Relatingtootherpeople.

C.Focusingonatopic.

DMakingbusinessdeals

【答案】.B

【解析】细节理解题。

题干句意：

根据Carducci的说法，对于成功的闲来说什么是重要的？

根据第三段最后一句（成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他们交流）可知，B项“能够理解并认同他人”符合题意，故答案为B项。

本题干扰项为A“显示好的行为举止”，错因在于锁定的句子“最后一段最后一句（闲聊是良好举止的基础）”和题干要求不一致，答非所问；D项“做生意”受第三段第三句（几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源于闲聊）的影响，犯了逻辑推理错误；C项“聚焦一个话题”在文中没有涉及。

34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?

A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.

B.Itraisespeople'sconfidence.

C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.

D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.

【答案】.D

【解析】推理判断题。

题干句意：

关于闲聊，咖啡店调研表明了什么？

据第四段中的内容（结果表明那些同服务生闲聊的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验。

不是同服务生交谈比和你的丈夫交谈更好，而是同社交网络的边缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要）可知，D项“它使得人们感觉良好”与题意相符，故答案为项。

A项“它改善家庭关系”、B项“它提升人们的自信”和C项“它和正式交谈一样重要”在文章中没有涉及，属于主观意断。

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ConversationCounts

B.WaysofMakingSmallTalk

C.BenefitsofSmallTalk

D.UncomfortableSilence

【答案】.C

【解析】主旨大意题。

题干句意：

文章最好的标题是什么？

根据第二段最后一句（专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价值的社交行为）以及最后一段最后一句（闲聊是良好举止的基础）可知，C项“闲聊益处”与题干要求一致，故答案为C项。

A项“会话很重要”为干扰项，错在偷换概念，conversation（会话，交谈）和smalltalk（闲谈）不是一个概念；文章没有就闲聊的方式或方法做具体的解释，故排除B“进行闲聊的方式”；D项“令人不安的沉默”只是第一段提到的现象之一，而不是文章的主旨。

（2018年全国卷II，C）

Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.

Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.

Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,