高考英语之主旨大意类专项练习.docx

1、高考英语之主旨大意类专项练习 第四讲 主旨大意类专项练习【分类真题】（2019年全国卷II，D）Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物） from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big

2、 problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with N

3、ASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution（解决方案）. “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.There are no t

4、ests, Gordon says. There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than Are you working towards your goal? Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA. Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. its not a very nice thing

5、at times. Its a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响） on college admissions and practical life skills. These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach. And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing dail

6、y with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution. C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments.【答案】.A【解析

7、】推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们对国际空间站的细菌的了解有哪些？根据题干中的关键词bacteria in the International Space Station可定位至第一段。根据第一段中Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each we

8、ek.可知，国际空间站的细菌非常难处理，所以选择A项。B:它们导致空气污染；C:它们以不同的形式出现；D:它们毁坏仪器33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students communication skills. C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education.【答案

9、】.D【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：HUNCH项目的目的是什么？第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.(HUNCH的设计目的是将高中教室与NASA的工程师联系在一起。）中的high school classrooms与D选项中的school ed-ucation(学校教育）对应，NASA engineers与D选项中的space technol-ogy(空间技术）对应，故选D。A:为了加强师生关系；B:为了提升学生的交流技能；C:为了让学生体验失重34. What do t

10、he NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs. C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.【答案】.A【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：NASA的工程师为参加此项目的学生做了些什么？根据题干中的NASA engineers do可定位至第三段的Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. its not a very

11、 nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product,句中两次出现review(检查，审查）,证明NASA的工程师做的事情就是对学生做出的研究结果进行检查，所以答案是A项。B:指导项目设计；C:调整工作时间表；D:给他们的作业打分。35. What is the best title for the text? A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom D.

12、HUNCH: A College Admission Reform【答案】.B 【解析】主旨大意题。本题题干意为：最适合本文的标题是什么？本文主要介绍HUNCH项目，这个项目是有关太空研究的，而且研究者都是高中生。根据以上要点可知，最佳选项是B项（Space:The Final Homework Frontier),Space对应太空研究，Homework对应高中教育，Frontier(前沿）突出了这个项目的领先性。A:NASA:The Home of Astronauts,文章并非重点介绍NASA;C:Nature:An Outdoor Class-room,Nature并不聚焦太空领域；D

13、:HUNCH:A College Admission Reform,HUNCH项目不是大学入学改革（2018年全国卷II，D）Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that w

14、e all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble .Experts say its

15、an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the

16、 Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast .Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associa

17、te professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter, the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings

18、and a better coffee shop experience. its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband.”says Dunn .But interactions with peripheral (边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly gre

19、ater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners, ”he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphonesB .Inappropriate behaviours in public places

20、C. Absence of communication between strangers.D .Impatience with slow serviceClass-room,Nature并不聚焦太空领域；D:HUNCH:A College Admission Reform,HUNCH项目不是大学入学改革（2018年全国卷II，D）Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their

21、 smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next

22、 time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble .Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conve

23、rsation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast .Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small talk is learn

24、ing how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter, the other, to speak only when necessary. The

25、results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband.”says Dunn .But interactions with peripheral (边缘的)members of our social network matte

26、r for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners, ”he says.32. What phenomenon is

27、 described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphonesB .Inappropriate behaviours in public placesC. Absence of communication between strangers.D .Impatience with slow service【答案】.C 【解析】细节理解题。题干句意：第一段描述的是什么现象？根据第一段描述（无论我们身在何处，在电梯里、在银行排队或者在飞机上，我周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看智能手机，或是更坏，在和令人不安的沉默做斗争）可知，C项“陌生人之间缺

28、乏交流”和首段描述一致，故答案为C项。A项“手机控”只是该段描述现象时举的例子项“公共场合的不恰当行为”与首段意思不符；D项“对缓慢的服务缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述无关。33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D Making business deals【答案】.B【解析】细节理解题。题干句意：根据Carducci的说法，对于成功的闲来说什么是重要

29、的？根据第三段最后一句（成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他们交流）可知，B项“能够理解并认同他人”符合题意，故答案为B项。本题干扰项为A“显示好的行为举止”，错因在于锁定的句子“最后一段最后一句（闲聊是良好举止的基础）”和题干要求不一致，答非所问；D项“做生意”受第三段第三句（几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源于闲聊）的影响，犯了逻辑推理错误；C项“聚焦一个话题”在文中没有涉及。34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationshi

30、ps.B. It raises peoples confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.【答案】.D【解析】推理判断题。题干句意：关于闲聊，咖啡店调研表明了什么？据第四段中的内容（结果表明那些同服务生闲聊的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验。不是同服务生交谈比和你的丈夫交谈更好，而是同社交网络的边缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要）可知，D项“它使得人们感觉良好”与题意相符，故答案为项。A项“它改善家庭关系”、B项“它提升人们的自信”和C项“它和正式交谈一样重要”在文

31、章中没有涉及，属于主观意断。35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【答案】.C 【解析】主旨大意题。题干句意：文章最好的标题是什么？根据第二段最后一句（专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价值的社交行为）以及最后一段最后一句（闲聊是良好举止的基础）可知，C项“闲聊益处”与题干要求一致，故答案为C项。A项“会话很重要”为干扰项，错在偷换概念，conversat

32、ion(会话，交谈）和small talk(闲谈）不是一个概念；文章没有就闲聊的方式或方法做具体的解释，故排除B“进行闲聊的方式”；D项“令人不安的沉默”只是第一段提到的现象之一，而不是文章的主旨。（2018年全国卷II，C）Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings,