考研英语翻译真题.docx
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考研英语翻译真题
20XX考研英语__翻译真题
20XX年PrtC
Thereismrkeddifferencebetweentheeductionwhicheveryonegetsfromlivingwithothers,ndthedeliberteeductingoftheyoung.Intheformercsetheeductionisincidentl;itisnturlndimportnt,butitisnottheexpressresonofthessocition.46itmybesidthtthemesureoftheworthofnysocilinstitutionisitseffectinenlrgingndimprovingexperience;butthiseffectisnotprtofitsoriginlmotive（原动机）.Religiousssocitionsbegn,forexmple,inthedesiretosecurethefvorofoverrulingpowersndtowrdoffevilinfluences;fmilylifeinthedesiretogrtifyppetitesndsecurefmilyperpetuity;systemticlbor,forthemostprt,becuseofenslvementtoothers,etc.47Onlygrdullywstheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,ndonlymoregrdullystillwsthiseffectconsideredsdirectivefctorintheconductoftheinstitution.Eventody,inourindustrillife,prtfromcertinvluesofindustriousnessndthrift,theintellectulndemotionlrectionoftheformsofhumnssocitionunderwhichtheworld'sworkiscrriedonreceiveslittlettentionscompredwithphysicloutput.
Butindelingwiththeyoung,thefctofssocitionitselfsnimmeditehumnfct,ginsinimportnce.48whileitisesytoignoreinourcontctwiththemtheeffectofourctsupontheirdisposition（性格）,itisnotsesysindelingwithdults.Theneedoftriningistooevident;thepressuretoccomplishchngeintheirttitudendhbitsistoourgenttolevetheseconsequenceswhollyoutofccount.49Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenblethemtoshreincommonlifewecnnothelpconsideringwhetherornowereformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisbility.Ifhumnityhsmdesomehedwyinrelizingthttheultimtevlueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumneffectwemywellbelievethtthislessonhsbeenlernedlrgelythroughdelingswiththeyoung.
50Werethusledtodistinguish,withinthebrodeductionlprocesswhichwehvebeensofrconsidering,moreformlkindofeduction--thtofdirecttuitionorschooling.Inundevelopedsocilgroups,wefindverylittleformltechingndtrining.Thesegroupsminlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositionsintotheyounguponthesmesortofssocitionwhichkeepsthedultsloyltotheirgroup.
46．尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其在增长和丰富经验方面所产生的影响，但是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。
47.这个制度的副产品仅仅是为人们所逐步注意到，而在实施这种制度时，认为这
种影响是一个制约因素则仍然更为缓慢。
48.尽管我们在与年轻人交往时，很容易忽视我们的行为对他们性格的影响，但是
与成年人接触或交往却并不那么容易。
49.既然我们对他们的主要职责（任务）就是使年轻人能够参与到一个共同的生活中去，因此我们不禁思考我们是否正具备这种力量，而这种力量将有助于我们获得这种能
力。
50.因此，我们到目前为止一直在思考这种广泛的教育过程，从而促使我们去区别
一个更为正规的教育，也就是说，那种直接教导或学校教育。
20XX年PrtC
Onebsicweknessinconservtionsystembsedwhollyoneeconomicmotivesisthtmostmembersofthelnd.Communityhsnoeconomicvlue.Yetthesecreturesremembersofthebioticcommunitynd,ifitsstbilitydependsonitsinteyrity,theyreentitledtocontinunce.
Whenoneofthesenoneconomicctegoriesisthretenednd,ifwehppentoloveit.Weinvertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportnce.tthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisppering.（46）Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshkyevidencetotheeffectthtinsectswouldetusupifbirdsfiledtocontrolthem,theevidencehdtobecomicinordertobevlid.
Itisplyfultoredtheseroundboutccountstody.Wehvenolndethicyet,（47）butwehvetlestdrwnnerthepointofdmittingthtbirdsshouldcontinuesurvivlsmtterofintrinsic（固有的）right,regrdlessofthepresenceorbsenceofeconomicdvntgetous.
prllelsitutionexistsinrespectofpredtorymmmlsndfish-etingbirds.（48）Timewswhenbiologistssomewhtoverwordedtheevidencethtthesecreturespreservethehelthofgmebykillingthephysicllywek,orthttheyprey（捕食）onlyon“worthlessspecies”.
Somespeciesoftreehvebeenredoutoftheprtybyeconomics-mindedforestersbecusetheygrowtooslowly.orhvetoolowslevletopysimgercrops（49）InEurope,whereforestryisecologiclly（生态林业）moredvnced（先进）,theNon-commercil（商业）treespeciesrerecognizedsmembersofntiveforestcommunity（群落）,tobepreserved（保存）ssuch,withinreson（在合理范围内，在情理之中）.
Tosumup:
systemofconservtionbsedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.（50）Ittendstoignore,ndthuseventullytoeliminte,mnyelementsinthelndcommunitythtlckcommercilvlue,butthtreessentiltoitshelthyfunctioning.Withouttheuneconomicpts.
46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能操纵
害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。
47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：
那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，
不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：
这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运
行去捕食微小的生物或"没有价值的物种"。
49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员
适当地加以保护。
50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的
健康运行是至关重要的。
20XX年PrtC
Withitsthemetht“Mindisthemsterwever，”cretingourinnerchrcterndoutercircumstnces，thebooksMnThinkingbyJmesllenisnin-depthexplortionofthecentrlideofself-helpwriting.（46）llen…scontributionwstotkenssumptionwellshre-thtbecusewerenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-ndrevelitserroneousnture.Becusemostofusbelievethtmindisseprtefrommtter，wethinkthtthoughtscnbehiddenndmdepowerless；thisllowsustothinkonewyndctnother.However，llenbelievedthttheunconsciousmindgenertessmuchctionstheconsciousmind，nd（47）whilewemybebletosustintheillusion（错觉）ofcontrolthroughtheconscious（意识的）mindlone，inrelitywerecontinully（不断）fcedwithquestion：
“WhycnnotImkemyselfdothisorchievetht？
”
Sincedesirendwillredmgedbythepresenceofthoughtsthtdonotccordwithdesire，llenconcluded：
“Wedonotttrctwhtwewnt，butwhtwere.”chievementhppensbecuseyouspersonembodytheexternlchievement；youdon…t“get”successbutbecomeit.Thereisnogpbetweenmindndmtter.
Prtofthefmeofllen…sbookisitscontentiontht“Circumstncesdonotmkeperson，theyrevelhim.”（48）Thisseemsjustifictionforneglectofthoseinneed，ndrtionliztionofexploittion，ofthesuperiorityof
thosetthetopndtheinferiorityofthosetthebottom.This，however，wouldbeknee-jerkrectiontosubtlergument.Echsetofcircumstnces，howeverbd，offersuniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstnceslwysdeterminedthelifendprospectsofpeople，thenhumnitywouldneverhveprogressed.Inft，（49）circumstncesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusndifwefeelthtwehvebeen“wronged”thenwereunlikelytobeginconsciousefforttoescpefromoursitution.Nevertheless，snybiogrpherknows，person?
serlylifenditsconditionsreoftenthegretestgifttonindividul.
Thesoberingspectofllen…sbookisthtwehvenooneelsetoblmeforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.（50）Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontinedinknowingthteverythingisuptous；wherebeforewewereexpertsintherryoflimittions，nowwebecomeuthoritiesofwhtispossible.
46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设——因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够操纵我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持操纵的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决于我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。
20XX年PrtC
Sincethedysofristotle,serchforuniverslprincipleshschrcterizedthescientificenterprise.Insomewys,thisquestforcommonlitiesdefinesscience.Newton?
slwsofmotionndDrwininevolutionechbindhostofdifferentphenomenintosingleexplictory
frmework.（46）Inphysics,onepprochtkesthisimpulseforunifictiontoitsextreme,ndseekstheoryofeverything—singlegenertiveequtionforllwesee.Itisbecominglesscler;however,thtsuchtheorywouldbesimplifiction,giventhedimensionsnduniversesthtitmightentil,nonetheless,unifictionofsortsreminsmjorgol.Thistendencyinthenturlscienceshslongbeenevidentinthesocilsciencestoo.（47）Here,Drwinismseemstoofferjustifictionforitllhumnsshrecommonoriginsitseemsresonbletosupposethtculturldiversitycouldlsobetrcedtomoreconstrinedbeginnings.Juststhebewilderingvrietyofhumncourtshipritulsmightllbeconsideredformsofsexulselection,perhpstheworld?
slnguges,music,socilndreligiouscustomsndevenhistoryregovernedbyuniverslfetures?
（48）Tofilteroutwhtisuniquefromwhtisshredmightenbleustounderstndhowcomplexculturlbehviorrosendwhtguidesitinevolutionryorcognitiveterms.
Tht,tlest,isthehope.Butcomprtivestudyoflinguistictritspublishedonlinetodysuppliesrelitycheck.RussellGryttheUniversityofucklndndhiscolleguesconsidertheevolutionofgrmmrsinthelightoftwopreviousttemptstofinduniverslityinlnguge.
ThemostfmousoftheseeffortswsinititedbyNomChomsky,whosuggestedththumnsrebornwithninntelnguge—cquisitioncpcitythtdicttesuniverslgrmmr.fewgenertiverulesrethensufficienttounfoldtheentirefundmentlstructureoflnguge,whichiswhychildrencnlernitsoquickly.（49）Thesecond,byJoshuGreenberg,tkesmoreempiriclpprochtouniverslityidentifyingtrits（prticulrlyinwordorder）shredbymnylngugewhichreconsideredtorepresentbisesthtresultfromcognitiveconstrints.Gryndhiscollegueshveputthemtothetestbyexminingfourfmilytreesthtbetweenthemrepresentmorethn2,000lnguges.（50）Chomsky?
sgrmmrshouldshowptternsoflngugechngethtreindependentofthefmilytreeorthepthwytrckedthroughit.WheresGreenbergInuniverslitypredictsstrongco-dependenciesbetweenprticulrtypesofword-orderreltions.Neitheroftheseptternsisborneoutbythenlysis,suggestingthtthestructuresofthelngugesrelire
ge-specificndnotgovernedbyuniversls
46.物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。
47.在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了有力的理由，因为如果全人类
升级会员 