八年级上册Unit 4 专题教案形容词和副词.docx
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八年级上册Unit4专题教案形容词和副词
初中语法专题——形容词和副词
一、考点分析
初中试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法;形容词原级、比较级和最高级;易混淆的形容词用法辨析;形容词修饰不定代词时的位置。
中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级,易混淆副词用法辨析等。
直击考点
1.形容词词义辨析
2.副词辨析
3.形容词副词的用法
4.形容词的等级
5.副词的等级
6.形容词及副词短语
二、高频考点
知识点1)形容词
1.修饰名词,描述其性质、状态、特征等的词。
一般“…的”的词都是形容词。
E.g.:
Sheisabeautifulgirl.(漂亮的)
2.在句中作_______、__________、_______________。
E.g.:
Ihaveaninterestingbook.(interesting有趣的,修饰book,在句中作定语)
Wearehappytoday.(happy快乐的,在句中作表语)
Studentsshouldkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.
(clean干净的,tidy整洁的,在句中都作宾语补足语)
3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序
限定词+外观类+大小+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词(简记:
县官大行令色国才)
E.g.:
atall17-year-oldblackAmericanboy.一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。
thebigroundredwoodentable.又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。
4.the+形容词,表示一类人。
作主语,谓语常用复数。
这类词有:
rich/poor;good/bad;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white(表示人种等)。
E.g.:
Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
5.else其他的,放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。
E.g.:
Didyouseeanybodyelse?
你看到别的人了吗?
Whatelse还有什么?
6.形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。
E.g.:
You’dbettertellussomethinginteresting.
Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom.
7.1)以ly结尾的形容词:
friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,等。
E.g.:
Hersingingwaslovely.
Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.
2)以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词:
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。
TheTimesisaweeklypaper.《时代周刊》为周刊。
TheTimesispublishedweekly.《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
练习题:
()1.--Iputmypurseonthetablejustnow,haveyouseenit?
--No.Ihaven’t.Youshouldneverput__________onthedeskanyway.
A.anythingimportant B.importantanything
C.somethingimportant D.importantsomething
()2.——Howwasyourfinalexam?
——TheEnglishandMathspapersweren’t__________forme.IhopeIhaven’tfailed.
A.easyenough B.difficultenough
C.enougheasy D.enoughdifficult
()3.--Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutthemuseum?
——Yes,Itwasbuiltin1979,230__________and220____________.
A.longmeters;widemeters B.meterslong;widemeters
C.longmeters;meterswide D.meterslong;meterswide
()4.Thelittlebabylooks____.
A.lovelyB.carefullyC.heavilyD.sadly
知识点2)副词:
1.副词修饰:
_____、________、______、_________。
在句中作状语。
一般“…地”的词都是副词。
E.g.:
Youmustlistentotheteachercarefully.(仔细地,认真地,修饰动词)
It’squitecoldtoday.(相当,修饰形容词)
Herunsveryfast.(非常,修饰副词)
Luckily,Ipassedtheexam.(幸运地,修饰整个句子。
)
2.副词的分类
1)时间副词:
now,today等
2)频度副词:
always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never
3)地点副词:
here,there,upstairs,downstairs等
4)方式副词:
carefully,fast,well,politely等
5)程度副词:
much,little,quite等
6)疑问副词:
how,when,where,why等
练习题:
()1.Hegotup________tocatchtheearlybus.
A.earlyenough B.enoughearly
C.earlierenough D.enoughearlier
()2.--IsthecoatJohn’s?
--Itcan’tbeJohn’s.It’s__________smallforhim.
A.toomuch B.toomany
C.muchtoo D.manytoo
()3.——Canyoucommunicate__________inEnglish?
——Sorry,Ican’t.Iknow__________English.
A.well;alittle Bgood;little
C.good;alittle D.well;little
()4.Aslongasyoudrive__________,youwillbeverysafe.
A.careful B.careless
C.carefully D.morecarefully
()5.“I’vegotanAformyhistory,”Judysaid____.
A,sadlyB,sadC,happilyD,happy
知识点3)形容词转化成副词
1.一般在形容词后加ly,如:
quick-quicklycareful-carefully
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i,加ly,如:
happy-happilyangry-angrily
3.以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。
如:
true-truly
4.单音节y结尾直接加ly。
例如:
shy-shyly
5.以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。
例如:
terrible-terribly
6.形容词、副词同形:
hard,fast,friendly,late,early,lovely,long,high,far,wide,well,easy。
很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。
例如:
hardly“几乎不”。
练习题:
()1.Thelightmusicsoundedvery____.Ienjoyedeveryminuteofit.
A,wellB,beautifulC,wonderfullyD,boring
()2.A:
Mum,theChinesemedicinetastesso____.Idon’twanttotakeit.
B:
But,dear,itisgoodforyou.
A,goodB,terriblyC,terribleD,well
()3.Simonlooks____todayandsmiles____allthetime.
A,happy,happyB,happily,happilyC,happy,happilyD,happily,happy
()4.Theoldsoldierlivedallbyhimself.Eventhoughhewas____,hewasnot____atall.
A,alone,lonelyB,alone,aloneC,lonely,aloneD,lonely,lonely
()5.Hehasn’tgotavery____voice,buthesingsvery____.
A,good,wellB,good,goodC,well,wellD,well,good
知识点4)形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
1.比较级:
两者之间进行比较。
见到than(“比”)用比较级。
2.最高级:
三者或三者以上进行比较。
形容词最高级前一定要有the,副词最高级the可以省略。
3.比较级和最高级的变化规则:
规则变化(单音节和少数双音节):
a.在词尾直接加-er/est,如:
short-shorter-shortest
b.不发音的e结尾,只加-r/st,如:
nice-nicer-nicest
c.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i再加-er/est,如:
happy-happier-happiest
d.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加-er/est,
如:
big-bigger-biggest
e.其他双音节词和多音节词,其前加more/most,如:
more/mostdelicious
不规则变化:
如下表
词义
原级
比较级
最高级
好
good/well
better
best
坏
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
多
many/much
more
most
少
little
less
least
远
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
老的,年长的
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
练习题:
一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级
old_______ young_______ tall______ long________
short______ strong________ big______ small_______
fat_____ thin________ heavy______light________
nice_____good_________ beautiful_________________
low________ high_________ slow______ fast________
late_______ early______ far_________ well_______
二)、选择正确的词填空。
Sarahis12years________(old,older).Sheisoneyear________(older,oldest)thanme.ButIam0.1meter________(taller,tallest)thanher.ShestudiesinGuangzhouinternationalSchool.Shestudiesthe________(harder,hardest)inherclass.Everyonelikesher.Yesterday,shewasill.Shetooksomemedicineandshefeels________(good,better)now.
知识点五)形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法:
1.原级:
“……和……相同”相当于thesameas…
肯定句:
A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+asB
TomisashonestasJack.JackrunsasfastasPeter.
否定句:
A+动词.+notas/so.+形容词/副词原级+asB
Thistreeisnotas/sotallasthatone.
注意:
形容词、副词的选用:
修饰名词用__________;修饰动词用_______。
2.比较级的用法:
1)A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+B
SusanishappierthanJane.
LilyrunfasterthanMary
修饰比较级的词:
much,even,still,alittle,far,alot,abit。
注意:
more构成部分双音节或多音节比较级,但不能修饰比较级。
如:
morebeautiful(√)muchbetter(√)morebetter(×)
2)数字(倍数)+形容词/副词比较级+than
I’mtwoyearsolderthanyou.
Ourclassroomistwicebiggerthanyours.
3)比较级+and+比较级/moreandmore+原级,表示“越来越……”
Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.
Sheismoreandmorebeautiful.
4)the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……,就越……”
Themore,thebetter.越多越好。
(多多益善)
5)Which+比较级,AorB?
Whichsubjectdoyoulikebetter,Englishormath?
3.最高级用法:
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the,最高级前有物主代词,序数词和名词所有格时,不加定冠词,后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。
1)in和of短语
Heisthetallestinourclass.(不同类)
Heisthetallestofthefiveboys.(同类)
2)oneofthe+最高级
ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.
3)比较级句型表达最高级意义
i:
A+动词+比较级+than+anyother+B(单数)
如:
TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.
A+动词+比较级+than+theother+B(复数)
如:
TheChangjiangRiverislongerthantheotherriversinChina.
以上两句意思相当于:
TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.
ii:
any和anyother
any任何(不属于该范围)anyother任何其他的(属于该范围)
如:
ChinaislargerthananyotherAsiancountry.
CanadaislargerthananycountryinAsian.
4)Which+最高级,A,BorC?
Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest,English,mathorChinese?
练习题:
一)单项选择题
1.Whichsubjectdoyoulike_______,mathsorEnglish?
A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best
2.Thisredroseis_______ofallflowers.
A.beautifulerB.muchmorebeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.beautiful
3.Mybookisnewerthan________.
A.heB.hisC.ourD.we
4.Heis________studentinhisclass.
A.goodB.betterC.thebestD.best
5.Look!
Thebee________thanthebird.
A.flyhigherB.isflyinghigherC.ashighasD.flieshigher
6.Hishensare________andfat.
A.bigB.biggerC.biggestD.thebiggest
7.Sheknows________abouthistorythanmostpeople.
A.moreB.muchC.mostD.many
8.Itwasreallyan________story.
A.afraidB.excitedC.excitingD.worried
9.Whichcityis__________fromhere,BeijingorShanghai?
A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.thefarthest
10.Thisbuildingis__________thattree.
A.sotallerasB.astallasC.sotallestasD.astalleras
二)、小小翻译家
1、谁比Jim年纪大?
是你。
________is_________thanJim?
________are.
2、谁比David更强壮?
是GaoShan.________ _________thanDavid?
GaoShan ________.
3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?
我想是她的。
_________pencilis_________,______or________?
________is,Ithink.
4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的?
_________apples ________ ________,your_______oryour_______?
5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗?
是的。
________________as_________asyouruncle?
Yes,Iam.
6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。
He_______as __________as________ ________Jim.
7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?
不,她比他瘦。
________________as_________as______twin_______?
No,__________________thanhim.
8.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。
YangLing________to_______ ________thanSuYangeveryday.
9.我跳得和Mike一样远。
I_________as_______asMike.
10.Tom比你跑得快吗?
不是的,他和我跑得一样快。
____Tom_____ _____thanyou?
No,he_______.He_____as_____as_____.
三、课堂练习
()1. Bob never does his homework _____Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A so careful as B as carefully as C careful as D as careful as
()2. I feel ____better than yesterday.
A more B very C the D far
( ) 3. China has a larger population than ____in the world.
A all the countries B every country
C any country D any other country
( ) 4.This book is ____ on the subject.
A the much best B very much best
C much the best D very the best
( ) 5.The sick boy is getting ____day by day .
A worse B bad C badly D worst
( ) 6.This sweater looks ____and sells___.
A well, well B good, nice