八年级上册Unit 4 专题教案形容词和副词.docx

1、八年级上册Unit 4 专题教案形容词和副词初中语法专题形容词和副词一、考点分析初中试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法；形容词原级、比较级和最高级；易混淆的形容词用法辨析；形容词修饰不定代词时的位置。中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级，易混淆副词用法辨析等。直击考点1.形容词词义辨析2.副词辨析3.形容词副词的用法4.形容词的等级5.副词的等级6.形容词及副词短语二、高频考点知识点1）形容词1.修饰名词，描述其性质、状态、特征等的词。一般“的”的词都是形容词。E.g.: She is a beautiful girl. (漂亮的)2.在句中作_、_、_

2、。E.g.: I have an interesting book. (interesting有趣的，修饰book，在句中作定语)We are happy today. (happy快乐的，在句中作表语) Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.(clean干净的，tidy整洁的，在句中都作宾语补足语) 3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词+外观类+大小+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官大行令色国才）E.g.: a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个17岁的高个

3、子黑皮肤美国男孩。 the big round red wooden table. 又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。4. the+形容词，表示一类人。作主语，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。E.g.: The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。5. else 其他的，放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。E.g.: Did you see anybody else

4、? 你看到别的人了吗？What else 还有什么？6. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。E.g.: Youd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.7. 1）以ly结尾的形容词：friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，等。 E.g.: Her singing was lovely. He spoke

5、 to me in a very friendly way. 2）以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词：daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。 The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。练习题：（ ）1. - I put my purse on the table just now, have you seen it? -No. I havent. You should never put _ on the desk anyway. A. anyt

6、hing important B. important anything C. something important D. important something（ ）2. How was your final exam?The English and Maths papers werent _ for me. I hope I havent failed. A. easy enoughB. difficult enough C. enough easyD. enough difficult（ ）3.- Could you tell me something about the museum

7、? Yes, It was built in 1979, 230 _ and 220 _. A. long meters; wide meters B. meters long; wide meters C. long meters; meters wide D. meters long; meters wide（ ）4.The little baby looks _.A. lovely B.carefully C.heavily D.sadly知识点2）副词：1.副词修饰：_、_、_、_。在句中作状语。一般“地”的词都是副词。E.g.: You must listen to the teac

8、her carefully.(仔细地，认真地，修饰动词) Its quite cold today.（相当，修饰形容词） He runs very fast.（非常，修饰副词） Luckily, I passed the exam.（幸运地，修饰整个句子。）2.副词的分类1）时间副词: now, today等2）频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never3）地点副词：here, there, upstairs, downstairs等4）方式副词：carefully, fast, well, politely等5）程度副词: mu

9、ch, little, quite等6）疑问副词: how, when, where, why等练习题：（ ）1. He got up _ to catch the early bus. A. early enoughB. enough earlyC. earlier enoughD. enough earlier （ ）2. - Is the coat Johns?- It cant be Johns. Its _ small for him. A. too muchB. too manyC. much tooD. many too（ ）3. Can you communicate _ in

10、 English? Sorry, I cant. I know _ English.A. well; a littleB good; littleC. good; a littleD. well; little（ ）4. As long as you drive _, you will be very safe. A. carefulB. carelessC. carefullyD. more carefully（ ）5. “Ive got an A for my history,” Judy said _. A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy 知识点3）形

11、容词转化成副词1.一般在形容词后加ly, 如：quick-quickly careful-carefully2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i, 加ly, 如：happy-happily angry-angrily3.以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。如：true-truly 4.单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shyly5.以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terribly6.形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long,high,far,wide,well,easy。很多单词加ly之后就

12、变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly “几乎不”。练习题：（ ）1.The light music sounded very _. I enjoyed every minute of it.A, well B, beautiful C, wonderfully D, boring（ ）2.A: Mum, the Chinese medicine tastes so _. I dont want to take it.B: But, dear, it is good for you.A, good B, terribly C, terrible D, well（ ）3.Simon looks

13、 _ today and smiles _ all the time.A, happy, happy B, happily, happily C, happy, happily D, happily, happy（ ）4.The old soldier lived all by himself. Even though he was _, he was not _ at all.A, alone, lonely B, alone, alone C, lonely, alone D, lonely, lonely（ ）5.He hasnt got a very _ voice, but he s

14、ings very _.A, good, well B, good, good C, well, well D, well, good知识点4）形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成1.比较级：两者之间进行比较。见到than（“比”）用比较级。2.最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较。形容词最高级前一定要有the,副词最高级the可以省略。3.比较级和最高级的变化规则：规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：a. 在词尾直接加-er/est, 如：short-shorter-shortestb. 不发音的e结尾，只加-r/st, 如：nice-nicer-nicestc. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i 再加-e

15、r/est, 如：happy-happier-happiestd. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,如：big-bigger-biggeste. 其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most, 如：more/most delicious 不规则变化：如下表词义原级比较级最高级好good/wellbetterbest坏bad/badly/illworseworst多many/muchmoremost少littlelessleast远farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest老的，年长的oldolder/elderoldest/

16、 eldest练习题：一）、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级 old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ _ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_ 二）、选择正确的词填空。Sarah is 12 years _ (old,older).She is one year _ (older,oldest) than me. But I am 0.1 meter _ (taller, tal

17、lest) than her.She studies in Guangzhou international School. She studies the_ (harder,hardest) in her class. Everyone likes her. Yesterday, she was ill. She took some medicine and she feels _ (good, better) now.知识点五）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：1. 原级： “和相同”相当于the same as肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as BTom is as hone

18、st as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter.否定句：A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as B This tree is not as/so tall as that one.注意：形容词、副词的选用：修饰名词用_；修饰动词用_。2. 比较级的用法:1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ BSusan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary修饰比较级的词：much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a bit。注意：more构成部分双音节或多音节

19、比较级，但不能修饰比较级。如：more beautiful（） much better （） more better （）2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+thanIm two years older than you.Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.3）比较级+and+比较级/more and more +原级，表示“越来越”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.She is more and more beautiful.4）the +比较级，the +比较级，表示“越, 就越” The more

20、, the better. 越多越好。（多多益善）5）Which + 比较级，A or B?Which subject do you like better, English or math?3. 最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。1）in 和of短语He is the tallest in our class.（不同类） He is the tallest of the five boys.（同类）2）one of the +最高级Shanghai is one of the m

21、ost beautiful cities in China.3）比较级句型表达最高级意义i:A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数) 如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数) 如：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China. 以上两句意思相当于：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.ii: a

22、ny 和any other any 任何（不属于该范围） any other 任何其他的（属于该范围）如：China is larger than any other Asian country.Canada is larger than any country in Asian.4）Which+最高级，A, B or C?Which subject do you like best, English ,math or Chinese?练习题：一）单项选择题1. Which subject do you like_, maths or English? A.good B.better C.we

23、ll D.best2.This red rose is _of all flowers. A.beautifuler B.much more beautiful C.the most beautiful D.beautiful3.My book is newer than_. A.he B.his C.our D.we4.He is_student in his class. A.good B.better C.the best D.best5.Look! The bee_than the bird. A.fly higher B.is flying higher C.as high as D

24、.flies higher 6.His hens are _and fat. A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest7.She knows_about history than most people. A.more B.much C.most D.many8.It was really an_story. A.afraid B.excited C.exciting D.worried9.Which city is _from here, Beijing or Shanghai? A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the farth

25、est10.This building is _that tree. A.so taller as B.as tall as C.so tallest as D.as taller as 二）、小小翻译家1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。 _ is _than Jim？ _ are. 2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan. _ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ _ apples _ _,your _ or your _? 5

26、、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 _ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。 He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _ as _ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。_ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _.

27、He_ as_ as_.三、课堂练习( )1.Bobneverdoeshishomework_Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.AsocarefulasBascarefullyasCcarefulasDascarefulas（ ）2.Ifeel_betterthanyesterday.AmoreBveryCtheDfar( )3.Chinahasalargerpopulationthan_intheworld.Aallthecountries BeverycountryCanycountry Danyothercountry( )4.Thisbookis_onthesubject. Athemuchbest BverymuchbestCmuchthebest Dverythebest( )5.Thesickboyisgetting_daybyday.Aworse Bbad Cbadly Dworst( )6.Thissweaterlooks_andsells_.Awell,well Bgood,nice