口译资料整理.docx

口译资料整理.docx

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口译资料整理

口译资料整理

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MostChinesecitiesclosedownafterdinner,butShanghaiwon’tgotosleepsoearly.Shanghai,oncefamousforitsnightlifeandculture,afterdecadesofdepression,startstoregainitsformerreputation.Withtherapiddevelopmentofitseconomy,Shanghai’snightlifehasactuallybecomerichinthepasttwoorthreeyears.Intheurbanarea,peoplecankilltimeatnightbyvariousmeans.Popularnightclubsmostlydon’tcloseuntil2am.

Shanghaihasvariouskindsoftheaters,whereplays,circus,traditionalChineseoperasandconcertarepresented.Promotedbythedevelopmentoffirst-classhotels,alargenumberofnightclubs,discosandkaraokeloungeshaveemerged.PeoplecanplaypoolatanAmericanbar,danceatanightclub,andenjoyexcellentwineandcigarsincomfortablehotellounges.However,althoughShanghai’snightlifeisbecomingmature,thewesternstyleentertainmentthecitycanprovideisstilllimited.

PekingOperaisregardedasnationalquintessenceinChinawhoseaccompaniment,melodiesandcostumesareallhighlyartistic.PekingOperaisfullofChineseculturalelements.ItisnotexaggeratingtosaythatPekingOperaisanencyclopediaofChineseculture.AsPekingOperaenjoysahigherreputationthanotherlocaloperas,nearlyeveryprovinceinChinahasitsownPekingOperatroupes.PekingOperaisverypopularinChina,especiallywiththesenior,anditsfansareknownas“piaoyou”inChinese.

PekingOperahasahistoryofover200years.ThoughitiscalledPekingOpera,itsmainmelodieswerederivedfrom“Xipi”melodyinAnhuiProvinceand“Erhuang”melodyinHubeiProvince.Lateron,itborrowedtechniquesfrommanyotherlocaloperastobecomematured.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatPekingOperawasgraduallyformedafterthefourmajorAnhuioperatroupesventuredintoBeijingin1790.DuringthereignofEmperorQianlongandEmpressDowagerCixi,PekingOperawasoncefinancedbythecourtanddevelopedveryquickly.Lateritgraduallybecamepopularwiththecommonpeople.

NanjingYunjinBrocadeisoneoftheThreeWell-knownBrocadesinChina.ItsproductionmightstretchbacktothetimesoftheThreeKingdoms.Yunjinderivesitsnamefromitsgorgeouscolorsanddesigns,whicharelikethesplendidcloudsinthesky.ItusedtobeamongthearticlesoftributetotheimperialfamiliesduringtheMingandQingdynasties.ThehandicraftsmadeofYunjinshowauniquestyleofmagnificence.ThethemeisusuallytraditionalChinesedesignslikedragon,phoenixandpeony.Theyaregorgeousandelegant,highlyornamental,andrichinChineseflavor.Therefore,theyareverypopularbothathomeandabroad.

Yunjinskillsrepresentthesummitofhandweavinginhumansociety,buttodaytherearenotmorethan50peopleintheworldwhomastertheartofYunjin.ThisisbecauseYunjinskillsareextremelysophisticated.Today,itisstillimpossibletohandlethemonelectriclooms.NanjingYunjinhasalwaysbeenwovenontheoldtraditionallooms,whichdemandsthecoordinatedeffortsoftwoworkers.Awholeday’sjointlaboroftwoworkerscanproduceonly5centimetersofYunjin.Hencethesaying“aninchofYunjinisworthaninchofgold”.

HolidaytourisminChinaisabigmoneymaker.Thetotalincomefromentranceticketsaloneat100majortouristspotscouldhitaboutRMB380million.TheseplacesofinterestsincludetheGreatWallinBeijing,MountTaiinShandongProvince,andthePotalaPalaceintheTibetAutonomousRegion.However,people’senthusiasmforsightseeingseemstocooldown,andtourismisnotthetopholidayprogramofentertainment.Arecentsurveyshowedthatonly14.8%amongsome71,000respondentsmightgoonatourduringtheholiday.

Unmanageablecrowdsofpeopleatsometouristspotsandpoorservicesofthetravelagenciesarethemajorreasonsforthedeclininginterestintourism.Iftheserviceindustrystaysatsuchalowlevel,it’simpossiblefortheholidayeconomytomature.Recently,mostcustomercomplaintcallshavebeenassociatedwithbadservice.Meanwhile,expertshavewarnedthattourist-saturatedholidayscouldprovedisastrousforculturalandnaturalsites.

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China’saccessiontotheWTOmightbringaboutaseriesofgreatreformsinitscollegesanduniversities,includingtheopeningofhighereducationsectortovariousinvestorsandsignificantchangesinthecurriculumdesign.Inthefuture,moreoverseascollegesanduniversitieswillentertheChinesemarket,whichwillhaveagreatimpactondomestichighereducationinstitutions.WithaviewtosupportingChina’seducation,theChinesegovernmentwillconsiderintroducinginvestmentsfrominternationalfinancialinstitutions,foreigngovernmentsandindividuals.

WithChina’saccessiontotheWTO,someChinesecollegesanduniversitiesarereformingtheircurriculumdesign.Fivetotenpercentofthemajorcoursesincludinginformationtechnology,biotechnology,financeandlaw,willbegiveninEnglish.ItisreportedthattheMinistryofEducationistryingeverymeanstocompilingEnglishtextbooksandintroducingoriginalEnglishtextbooks.Meanwhile,short-termvocationaltrainingandonlinetrainingisattractingmorestudentswhoseekopportunitiesforajoborforfurtherstudy.

Duringthefortyyearsfrom1952totheearly1990s,mostChinesecollegestudentsreceivedfreehighereducationthankstothegovernment’shugefinancialsubsidiestocollegesanduniversities.Therefore,theywerewillingtoacceptwhateverjobsassignedbythegovernmentwhentheygraduated.However,China’scollegesanduniversitiesbegantochargeintheearly1990s.Currently,quiteanumberofcollegestudents,especiallythosefromruralareas,feelthattheincreasingchargeistooheavytobear.

Therefore,theBeijingmunicipalgovernmenthasrecentlysetregulationsoncollegetuitionfeestobrightthemunderpropercontrol,withaviewtoenablingstudentsfromlow-incomefamiliestoaccepthighereducationandfinallycompletetheirstudies.Currently,overtenprestigiousuniversities,includingPekingUniversity,TsinghuaUniversity,RenminUniversityofChinaandBeijingNormalUniversityhaveagreedtosettheirtuitionfeesat5,000RMB（about$600）eachyear,afterconsideration.

ShanghaiisthelargesteconomiccenterandopencityinChinaaswellasoneofthedevelopedareasindomesticeducation.Someofitseducationandscientificresearchinstitutionsarewell-knownbothathomeandabroad.SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,especiallysinceChina’sreformandopeningup,educationinShanghaiisbooming,whichhasestablishedacompleteeducationalsystem,includingpreschooleducation,elementaryeducation,professionalandtechnologicaleducation,adulteducationandhighereducation.

Nowadays,educationinShanghaiisprogressingwitheachpassingday,emerginganewpatternofreliesmainlyonstatefundedschoolssupplementedbyprivatelyfundedschools.Privatelyfundedschoolsaredistinctiveintheirmanagementsystems,financialchannels,schoolsystemsandoperationalmechanisms.TherapidprosperityofeducationinShanghaiplaysagreatroleinpromotingShanghai’seconomyandthedevelopmentofsociety.Inthenewcentury,educationinShanghaiisstridingtowardsagrandgoalof“buildingword-classeducation”.

Withtheaccelerationofenrollmentexpansionincollegesanduniversities,inthenearfuture,over2.5millioncollegegraduateswillseekjobseveryyear.Currently,thesituationforcollegestudentstofindjobsalreadyallowsnooptimismanditwillbesevererinthefuture.Howtohelpmorecollegegraduatestofindtherightjobs,thereforetomakecontributionstothedevelopmentofthenationandsocietyhasbecomeanincreasinglyimportantquestiontobeconsideredbyChina’seducationalworkers.

Employmentisnottheonlypurposeofeducationforstudents,butitisthemajorone,evenpossibly,oneofthemostimportantpurposesanddrives.Appropriatejobopportunitiesareessentialforcollegestudentstogiveplaytotheircapabilities.Meanwhile,ifemploymentistakenasthesolepurposeofreceivingeducation,negativeinfluenceswillundoubtedlybeproduced.Notonlydoesithasaneffectonstudents’choicesofmajor,resultinginthedeclineandevendisappearanceofsomebasicdisciplines,butalsostudents’qualityoflearning.

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Currently,amongShanghai’s100newly-weddedcouplesthereare3internationalmarriages,rankingthefirstinChina.Internationalmarriagesbegantoincreaserapidlyduelargelytothethennewly-implementedpolicyofopeninguptotheoutsideworld.Atthattime,someChinesewomenwishtoimprovetheirlivingconditionsbymarryingforeigners.However,manyofsuchmarriagesfinallybrokeupbecauseofdifferencesinage,educationandlanguage.

Since1985,withagreatdealofforeigncapitalfloodingintoeastChina’scoastalregions,anincreasingnumberofoverseasemployeeshavebeensenttoworkinShanghai,whichprovidesmorechancesforShanghainativesandforeignerstocommunicatewithandunderstandeachother.Since1989,thenumberofinternationalmarriagesinShanghaihasincreasedrapidlyandthequalityofmarriageshasalsoimproved.MoreandmoretransnationalloverschoosetoliveinthismetropolitanwiththerapiddevelopmentofShanghai’ssociety,economyandculture.

InaccordancewiththeStateregulationsonpricehearings,airfaresofcivilaviationshouldbesetthroughpublichearings.Thenewcivilaviationpricereformplanhassetitsceilingpricesaswellasthebaseprices.Forconsumers,theycandirectlyandovertlyenjoypreferentialpolicygoverningairfaresinthefuture.Inthepast,muchofthediscountmadethroughsecreto