CATII三级笔译实务真题2008年5月.docx

CATII三级笔译实务真题2008年5月.docx

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2008.5

Section1：

English-ChineseTranslation（50points）

EuropePushestoGetFuelFromFields

ARDEA,Italy—Thepreviousgrowingseason,thislushcoastalfieldnearRomewasfilledwithrowsofdelicatedurumwheat,usedtomakehigh-qualitypasta.Todayitoverflowswithrapeseed,atall,gnarledweedlikeplantburstingwithcoarseyellowflowersthathasbecomeanewmannaforEuropeanfarmers:

rapeseedcanbeturnedintobiofuel.

Motivatedbygeneroussubsidiestodevelopalternativeenergysources—andameasureofconcernaboutthefutureoftheplanet—Europe’sfarmersarebeginningtogrowcropsthatcanbeturnedintofuelsmeanttoproducefeweremissionsthangasoroil.TheyarechasingtheircounterpartsintheAmericaswhohavebeenraisingcropsforbiofuelformorethanfiveyears.

“Thisisamuch-neededboosttooureconomy,ourfarms,”saidMarcelloPini,50,afarmer,standinginfrontoftherapeseedheplantedforthefirsttime.“Ofcourse,wehopeithelpstheenvironment,too.”

InMarch,theEuropeanCommission,disappointedbytheslowgrowthofthebiofuelsindustry,approvedadirectivethatincludeda“bindingtarget”requiringmembercountriestouse10percentbiofuelfortransportby2020—themostambitiousandspecificgoalintheworld.

MostEuropeancountriesarefarfromachievingthetarget,andareintroducingincentivesandsubsidiestobolsterproduction.

Asaresult,bioenergycropshavereplacedfoodasthemostprofitablecropinseveralEuropeancountries.InthispartofItaly,forexample,thegovernmentguaranteesthepurchaseofbiofuelcropsat22Eurosfor100kilograms,or$13.42for100pounds—nearlytwicethe11to12Eurosfor100kilogramsofwheatontheopenmarketin2006.Betterstill,farmerscanplantbiofuelcropson“setaside”fields,landthatEurope’sagriculturepolicywouldotherwiserequirebeleftfallow.

ButanexpertpanelconvenedbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationpointedoutthatthebiofuelsboomproducesbenefitsaswellastrade-offsandrisks—includinghigherandwildlyfluctuatingfoodprices.Insomemarkets,grainpriceshavenearlydoubled.

“Atatimewhenagriculturalpricesarelow,incomesbiofuelandimprovesthelotoffarmersandinjectslifeintoruralareas,”saidGustavoBest,anexpertattheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationinRome.“Butasthescalegrowsandthedemandforbiofuelcropsseemstobeinfinite,we’reseeingsomenegativeeffectsandweneedtoholdupayellowlight.”

JosetteSheeran,thenewheadoftheUnitedNationsWorldFoodprogram,whichfednearly90millionpeoplein2006,saidthatbiofuelscreatednewproblems.“Anincreaseingrainpricesimpactsusbecauseweareamajorprocurerofgrainforfood,”shesaid.“Sobiofuelsarebothachallengeandanopportunity.”

InEurope,therapidconversionoffieldsthatoncegrewwheatorbarleytobiofuelcropslikerapeseedisalreadyleadingtoshortagesoftheingredientsformakingpastaandbrewingbeer,supplierssay.Thatcouldtranslateintohigherpricesinsupermarkets.

“Newandincreasingdemandforbioenergyproductionhasputhighpressureonthewholeworldgrainmarket,”saidClaudiaConti,aspokesmanforBarilla,oneofthelargestItalianpastamakers.“NotonlyGermanbeerproducers,butMexicantortillamakershaveseethecostoftheirmainrawmaterialgrowingquicklytohistoricalhighs.”

Someexpertsaremoreworriedaboutthepotentialimpacttolow-incomeconsumers.Inthedevelopingworld,theshifttomorelucrativebiofuelcropsdestinedforrichercountriescouldcreateserioushungeranddamagetheenvironmentifwildlandisconvertedtobiofuelcultivation,theagriculturepanelconcluded.

ButofficialsattheEuropeanCommissionsaytheyarepursuingameasuredcoursethatwillpreventsomeofthepriceandsupplyproblemsseeninAmericanmarkets.

Inarecentspeech,MariannFischerBoel,theEuropeanagricultureandruraldevelopmentcommissioner,saidthatthe10percenttargetwas“notashotinthedark,”butwascarefullychosentoencouragealevelofgrowthforthebiofuelindustrythatwouldnotproduceunduehardshipforEurope’spoor.

Shecalculatedthatthisapproachwouldpushupwouldrawmaterialpricesforcerealby3percentto6percentby2020,whilepricesforoilseedmightrise5percentto18percent.Butfoodpricesontheshelveswouldbarelychange,shesaid.

YetevenastheEuropeanprogrambeginstoharvestbiofuelsingreatervolume,homegrownproductionisstillfarshortofwhatisneededtoreachthe10percentgoal:

Europe’sfarmersproducedanestimated2.9billionliters,or768milliongallons,ofbiofuelin2004,farshyofthe3.4billiongallonsgeneratedintheUnitedStatesintheperiod.In2005,biofuelaccountedforaround1percentofEurope’sfuel,accordingtoEuropeanstatistics,with