高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目附答案.docx

高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目附答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目附答案

高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Itseemswe'realwaysbeingtoldtogetmoresleep.Studiessuggestspendinglesstimeonsleepcanleadtoobesity（肥胖）andevencancer.Youmightevenfindyourselfwithaheadfulloffalsememories.Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.

   InanAugust2018study,publishedintheJournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation,researchersresearchedthesleeppatternsofthose"fortunate"fewandfoundtheymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact,theyfoundpeoplewhogetmorethaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthriskcomparedtothosewhosleeptogetherlessthansevenhours.What'smore,sleep-aholics-thosewhomanagetoget10hoursanight-standa30percenthigherchanceofdyingcomparedtotheseven-hourcrowd.

   Thewide-rangingglobalstudyinvolved（涉及）morethanthreemillionpeoplewhoself-reportedontheirsleephabitsandcametoaneye-openingconclusion:

Ifyoutendtosleepalot,youmaywanttobuyanalarmclock.Aswithallthingsinlife,sleepisbesttakeninmoderation（适度）.

   Youmaybethinking:

WhatifIonlysleepinonSaturdayandSunday,amIstillatrisk?

Theanswerisyes,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinCurrentBiology. Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmorethansevenhoursontheweekendsbutstillsleepslessthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweightanddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolsthelevelofsugarinblood.

   Forthestudy,36participantsweredividedintothreegroupsthateachhadadifferentsleepschedule:

ninehourseverynight,fivehourseverynight,andfivehoursfromMondaytoFridayandsleepingmuchonweekends.Peoplewhogettoomuchsleeptendtofeeltiredandlackenergy.Also,bothsleep-deprived（睡眠不足的）groupsconsumemorefoodandgainweight.

（1）Whyistheharmfuleffectofsleepingtoomuchseldomstudied?

A. Fewpeoplehavetimetosleeptoomuch.     

B. Lackofsleepcausesmuchmoreharm.

C. Itturnsouttobeahealthysleeppattern.      

D. People'shealthhasnothingtodowithit.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"those'fortunate'few"inparagraph2referto?

A. Thoseleadingarelaxinglife.                          

B. Thosegettingtoomuchsleep.

C. Thosewithlesstimetosleep.                          D. Thosewithnosleepproblems.

（3）Whatcanbelearnedfromthe2019study?

A. Sleepingmuchisparticularlybeneficialtohungrypeople.

B. Manypeoplesleepmoreonweekendsthanonweekdays.

C. Analarmclockofhighqualityisimportantforgoodsleep.

D. Peoplewhosleepmuchonlyonweekendsalsohavehealthrisk.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A. Itisnecessarytosaveenoughtimeforsleep.

B. Toomuchsleepcanresultingainingweight.

C. Sleepingtoomuchdoesharmtopeople'shealth.

D. Peoplecanavoidsleepingmuchbyeatinghealthily.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，我们似乎总是被告知要多睡觉，但是睡眠过多对身体也是有害的。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.“可知，在如今忙碌的社会很少有人会有时间睡太多，所以睡眠过多对人体的危害很少被研究。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.”这是因为在当今这个繁忙的世界上，很少有人有机会探索这种选择；以及第二段中的“…theymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact，theyfoundpeoplewhogetmorethaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthrisk“他们可能根本就没有那么幸运。

事实上，他们发现睡眠超过8小时的人有更大的健康风险，可推断，划线部分指代“睡眠时间太长的人”。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmore thansevenhoursontheweekendsbutstillsleepslessthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweight anddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolsthelevelofsugarinblood.“研究人员发现，即使一个人在周末的睡眠时间超过7个小时，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠时间少，他们也有体重增加和对控制血糖水平的胰岛素敏感的风险。

可知，只有周末睡得多的人也会面临健康风险。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的”Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.“可知本文介绍了睡眠过多会对身体造成一定程度的伤害。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.

   DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.

   Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The"winner,"iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.

   "Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,"saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics."Evenants（蚂蚁）candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It'sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines."

   Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere'sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.

（1）Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause_____.

A. theydidnothaveanyhumanguidance

B. theroadwasnotfamiliartothedrivers

C. thedistancewastoolongforthevehicles

D. theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers

（2）DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto_____.

A. raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehicles

B. pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustry

C. trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesert

D. improvethevehiclesforfuturewars

（3）Fromthepassageweknow"roboticvehicles"areakindofmachinesthat_____.

A. candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcan

B. cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimit

C. canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedown

D. canmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings

（4）Inthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo______.

A. foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficulties

B. foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetable

C. foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolve

D. foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，并介绍了这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.”车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。

可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.”美国国防部高级研究计划局（DARPA）组织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。

可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.”但这项被称为“大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。

可以推断出“roboticvehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“sheismoreadvanced...thananymachine...”可知机器远不如人的智力。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

   "Thehistoryoftheworldisbutthebiography（传记）ofgreatmen,"arguedThomasCarlyle,theadvocateofwhathascometobeknownasthe"GreatManTheoryofHistory."Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes.WhetherornotCarlyle'stheoryprovestrueisdebatable,butthatcertainindividualscastlongshadowsisnot.

   Asonewhoisentrustedwithaleadershipposition,Ifinditprofitabletoreadofotherswhohaveled.Whereveryoufindme,you'lllikelyfindagoodbiographynearby.Whyisthisthecase?

First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating.I'lloccasionallyreadanovel,butI'veneverbeenoverlydrawntofiction.IhavefoundmyselfunabletosleepwhileinthestruggleoftheBattleofBritaininWilliamManchester'sTheLastLion.Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife.

   Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative.Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention.You'llfindnobetteraccountoftheBritishEmpireatitspeakthantheopeningchaptersofManchester'sV