材料力学双语教学学习资料英汉对照.docx
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材料力学双语教学学习资料英汉对照
材料力学双语教学学习资料
第一章绪论
Chapter1Introduction
§1-1材料力学的任务
TheTasksofMechanicsofMaterials
1*.材料力学:
MechanicsofMaterials
2.构件:
StructuralMembers
3.变形:
Deformation
4*.强度:
Strength
5*.刚度:
Rigidity
6*.稳定性:
Stability
§1-2变形固体的基本假设
FundamentalAssumptionsofSolidDeformationBodies
1.连续性假设:
Continuity
2.均匀性假设:
Homogeneity
3.各向同性假设:
Isotropy
§1.3外力及其分类
ExternalForcesandClassification
1.分布力:
DistributedForce
2.集中力:
PointForce
3.静载荷:
StaticLoad
4.动载荷:
DynamicLoad
§1.4内力、截面法和应力的概念
ConceptsofInternalForces,MethodofSectionandStress
1*.内力:
InternalForce
2*.截面法:
MethodofSection
3.截面法的三个步骤:
截开,代替,平衡
Threestepsofmethodofsection:
cutoff,substitute,andequilibrium.
4*.应力:
Stress
5.平均应力:
Averagestress
6.应力(全应力):
Wholestress(sumstress)
7*.正应力:
NormalStress
8*.剪应力(切应力):
ShearingStress
§1.5变形与应变
DeformationandStrain
1.线应变:
Strain
2.剪应变:
ShearingStrain
§1.6杆件变形的基本形式
BasicTypesofDeformationsofRods
1*.拉伸或压缩:
TensionorCompression
2*.剪切:
Shear
3*.扭转:
Torsion
4*.弯曲:
Bending
第二章拉伸、压缩与剪切
Chapter2Tension,CompressionandShear
§2.1轴向拉伸与压缩的概念和实例
TheConceptandExamplesofAxialTensionandCompression
1.拉杆:
TensileRod
2.压杆:
CompressiveRod
3.受力特点:
外力合力的作用线与杆轴线重合CharacteristicoftheExternalForces:
Theactinglineoftheresultantofexternalforcesiscoincidedwiththeaxisoftherod.
4.变形特点:
杆沿轴向伸长或缩短
CharacteristicofDeformation:
Rodwillelongateorcontractalongtheaxisoftherod.
§2.2轴向拉伸或压缩时横截面上的
内力和应力
InternalForceandStressofAxialTensionorCompressionontheCrossSection
1*.横截面:
CrossSection
2*.轴力:
NormalForce
3*.轴力图:
DiagramofNormalForce
§2.3直杆轴向拉伸或压缩时斜截面上的应力
StressofAxialTensionorCompression
ontheSkewSection
1.斜截面:
SkewSection
2.
§2.4材料在拉伸时的力学性能
MechanicalPropertiesofMaterials
withTensileLoad
1.标准试件:
Specimen
2.低碳钢(C≤0.3%):
LowCarbonSteel
3.弹性阶段:
ElasticRegion
4.屈服阶段:
YieldingStage
5.强化阶段:
HardeningStage
6.颈缩阶段:
NeckingStage
7*.σp----比例极限:
ProportionalLimit
8*.σe----弹性极限:
ElasticLimit
9*.σs----屈服极限:
YieldingStress
10*.σb----强度极限:
UltimateStress
11.延伸率:
PercentElongation
12.断面收缩率:
PercentReductionofArea
13.塑性材料:
DuctileMaterials
14.脆性材料:
BrittleMaterials
15.铸铁:
Castiron
§2.7失效、安全系数和强度计算
Failure,SafetyfactorandStrengthcalculation
1*.许用应力:
AllowableStress
2.安全系数:
SafetyFactor
3*.强度条件:
StrengthCondition
4*.强度校核:
Checkstrength
5*.截面设计:
Sectiondesign
6*.确定许可载荷:
Determineallowableload
§2.8轴向拉伸或压缩时的变形
DeformationinAxialTensionorCompression
1.弹性变形:
ElasticDeformation
2.塑性变形:
PlasticDeformation
3.纵向应变:
LongitudinalStrain
4.横向应变:
LateralStrain
5.线弹性变形:
LinearElasticDeformation
6.泊松比:
Poisson’sratio
7*.弹性模量-E:
表示材料抵抗拉压变形的
能力E-modulusofelasticity:
Indicatesthecapabilityofmaterialsforresistingtensionorcompression
8*.抗拉刚度-EA:
表示构件抵抗拉压变形的能力EA-theaxialrigidity:
Indicatesthecapabilityofconstructivemembersforresistingtensionorcompression
9*.胡克定律(Hooke’sLaw):
当应力不超过材料的比例极限时,应力与应变成正比.Thestressisproportionaltothestrainwithintheelasticregion.
§2.12应力集中的概念
TheConceptofStressConcentration
1.由于截面尺寸的突然变化,使截面上的应力分布不再均匀,在某些部位出现远大于平均值的应力,称应力集中。
Discontinuitiesofcrosssectionmayresultinhighlocalizedorconcentratedstresses.
2.理论应力集中系数K:
TheoreticalStress-concentrationFactor-K
§2.13剪切和挤压的实用计算
PracticalCalculationofShearandBearing
1*.剪切:
Shear
2.剪切面:
ShearingPlane
3*.剪切面上的内力-剪力:
InternalForceinShearingPlane-ShearingForce
4.剪切的实用计算:
PracticalCalculationofShear
5.挤压的实用计算:
PracticalCalculationofBearing
6.挤压强度条件:
工作中的挤压应力不应超过许用挤压应力。
Strengthconditionofbearing:
Workingbearingstressshouldnotexceedthe
allowablebearingstress.
第三章扭转
ChapterThreeTorsion
§3.1扭转的概念和实例
ConceptandExamplesofTorsion
1.电动机:
Generator
2.涡轮:
Turbine
3*.扭转的受力特点:
杆件的两端作用着大小相等,方向相反,且作用面垂直于杆件轴线的力偶。
Characteristicofloads:
Shaftisloadedbyatorsionalcoupleinplanesthatareperpendiculartotheaxisoftheshaft.
4*.变形特点:
杆件的任意两个横截面发生绕轴线的相对转动。
Characteristicofdeformation:
anytwocrosssectionswilltwistalongtheaxis.
5*.轴:
Shaft
§3.2外力偶矩的计算扭矩和扭矩图
Calculationoftheexternaltorque
InternaltorqueandItsdiagram
1.扭转外力偶矩的计算:
Calculationoftheexternaltorque
2*.扭矩:
InternalTorque
3.符号规定:
Signconvention
4*.右手螺旋法则:
Righthandscrewrule
5*.扭矩图:
DiagramofInternalTorque
§3.3纯剪切
PureShear
1.薄壁圆筒的扭转实验:
Experimentofthin-walledcirculartubeundertorsion
2.变形特点:
Charactersofdeformations:
截面间的距离不变;所有横截面的位置不变;所有纵向线转过了一个角度γ。
Distancesbetweenthesectionsremain
unchanged,Allcrosssectionsremainunchanged,Allthegeneratinglinesrevolvethroughanangleγ.
3*.切应力互等定理:
Theoremofcomplementaryshearingstresses
4*.切应变:
Shearingstrain
5*.剪切虎克定律:
Hooke’slawofshear
6*.剪切弹性模量G:
Modulusofelasticity