材料力学双语教学学习资料英汉对照.docx

1、材料力学双语教学学习资料英汉对照材料力学双语教学学习资料 第一章 绪 论 Chapter 1 Introduction1-1 材料力学的任务The Tasks of Mechanics of Materials1. 材料力学: Mechanics of Materials2. 构件: Structural Members3. 变形: Deformation4. 强度: Strength5. 刚度: Rigidity6. 稳定性: Stability1-2 变形固体的基本假设Fundamental Assumptions of Solid Deformation Bodies1. 连续性假设:

2、Continuity2. 均匀性假设: Homogeneity3. 各向同性假设: Isotropy1.3 外力及其分类External Forces and Classification1. 分布力: Distributed Force2. 集中力: Point Force3. 静载荷: Static Load4. 动载荷: Dynamic Load1.4 内力、截面法和应力的概念Concepts of Internal Forces， Method of Section and Stress1. 内力: Internal Force2. 截面法: Method of Section3. 截

3、面法的三个步骤：截开，代替，平衡Three steps of method of section: cut off, substitute , and equilibrium.4. 应力: Stress5. 平均应力：Average stress6. 应力（全应力）： Whole stress（sum stress）7. 正应力: Normal Stress8. 剪应力(切应力)：Shearing Stress1.5 变形与应变Deformation and Strain1 线应变: Strain2 剪应变: Shearing Strain1.6 杆件变形的基本形式Basic Types of

4、 Deformations of Rods1. 拉伸或压缩: Tension or Compression2. 剪切: Shear3. 扭转: Torsion4. 弯曲: Bending第二章 拉伸、压缩与剪切Chapter 2 Tension，Compression and Shear2.1 轴向拉伸与压缩的概念和实例The Concept and Examples of Axial Tension and Compression1. 拉杆: Tensile Rod2. 压杆: Compressive Rod3. 受力特点：外力合力的作用线与杆轴线重合 Characteristic of t

5、he External Forces: The acting line of the resultant of external forces is coincided with the axis of the rod.4. 变形特点：杆沿轴向伸长或缩短Characteristic of Deformation: Rod will elongate or contract along the axis of the rod.2.2 轴向拉伸或压缩时横截面上的内力和应力Internal Force and Stress of Axial Tension or Compression on the

6、 Cross Section1. 横截面: Cross Section2. 轴力: Normal Force3. 轴力图: Diagram of Normal Force2.3 直杆轴向拉伸或压缩时斜截面上的应力Stress of Axial Tension or Compression on the Skew Section1. 斜截面: Skew Section2. 2.4 材料在拉伸时的力学性能Mechanical Properties of Materials with Tensile Load1. 标准试件: Specimen2. 低碳钢(C0.3%): Low Carbon Ste

7、el3. 弹性阶段:Elastic Region4. 屈服阶段:Yielding Stage5. 强化阶段:Hardening Stage6. 颈缩阶段: Necking Stage7.p-比例极限: Proportional Limit8.e-弹性极限: Elastic Limit9.s-屈服极限: Yielding Stress10.b-强度极限: Ultimate Stress11. 延伸率: Percent Elongation12. 断面收缩率: Percent Reduction of Area13. 塑性材料: Ductile Materials14. 脆性材料: Brittle

8、 Materials15. 铸铁:Cast iron2.7 失效、安全系数和强度计算Failure, Safety factor and Strength calculation1. 许用应力: Allowable Stress2. 安全系数: Safety Factor3. 强度条件: Strength Condition4. 强度校核: Check strength5. 截面设计: Section design6. 确定许可载荷:Determine allowable load2.8 轴向拉伸或压缩时的变形Deformation in Axial Tension or Compressio

9、n1. 弹性变形: Elastic Deformation 2. 塑性变形: Plastic Deformation3. 纵向应变: Longitudinal Strain4. 横向应变: Lateral Strain5线弹性变形:Linear Elastic Deformation6. 泊松比:Poissons ratio7.弹性模量-E：表示材料抵抗拉压变形的能力 E- modulus of elasticity：Indicates the capability of materials for resisting tension or compression 8.抗拉刚度-EA:表示构件

10、抵抗拉压变形的能力EA-the axial rigidity: Indicates the capability of constructive members for resisting tension or compression9. 胡克定律（Hookes Law）:当应力不超过材料的比例极限时，应力与应变成正比. The stress is proportional to the strain within the elastic region.2.12 应力集中的概念The Concept of Stress Concentration1. 由于截面尺寸的突然变化，使截面上的应力分布

11、不再均匀，在某些部位出现远大于平均值的应力，称应力集中。Discontinuities of cross section may result in high localized or concentrated stresses.2. 理论应力集中系数K ：Theoretical Stress-concentration Factor - K2.13剪切和挤压的实用计算Practical Calculation of Shear and Bearing1. 剪切：Shear2. 剪切面：Shearing Plane3. 剪切面上的内力-剪力：Internal Force in Shearing

12、 Plane-Shearing Force4. 剪切的实用计算：Practical Calculation of Shear5. 挤压的实用计算：Practical Calculation of Bearing6. 挤压强度条件：工作中的挤压应力不应超过许用挤压应力。Strength condition of bearing：Working bearing stress should not exceed the allowable bearing stress.第三章 扭 转Chapter Three Torsion 3.1 扭转的概念和实例Concept and Examples of T

13、orsion1. 电动机: Generator2. 涡轮: Turbine3. 扭转的受力特点：杆件的两端作用着大小相等，方向相反，且作用面垂直于杆件轴线的力偶。Characteristic of loads: Shaft is loaded by a torsional couple in planes that are perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.4. 变形特点：杆件的任意两个横截面发生绕轴线的相对转动。Characteristic of deformation: any two cross sections will twist alon

14、g the axis.5. 轴: Shaft 3.2外力偶矩的计算 扭矩和扭矩图 Calculation of the external torqueInternal torque and Its diagram1扭转外力偶矩的计算：Calculation of the external torque2. 扭矩：Internal Torque3. 符号规定：Sign convention4. 右手螺旋法则: Right hand screw rule5. 扭矩图：Diagram of Internal Torque 3.3 纯剪切 Pure Shear 1. 薄壁圆筒的扭转实验：Experim

15、ent of thin-walled circular tube under torsion 2. 变形特点: Characters of deformations：截面间的距离不变;所有横截面的位置不变;所有纵向线转过了一个角度。Distances between the sections remainunchanged , All cross sections remain unchanged , All the generating lines revolve through an angle .3. 切应力互等定理：Theorem of complementary shearing stresses 4. 切应变：Shearing strain5剪切虎克定律：Hookes law of shear6. 剪切弹性模量G：Modulus of elasticity