英美文学复习笔记整理.doc

英美文学复习笔记整理.doc

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英美文学复习笔记整理英国部分

TheRenaissancePeriod

1.Renaissance:

between14thandmid-17thcentury.

2.Renaissancemeansrebirthorrevival,isactuallyamovement

stimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscovery

ofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeography

andastrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.

3.theRenaissance,thereforeinessenceisahistoricalperiodin

whichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandScholarsmadeattemptto

getridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinMedievalEurope,to

introducenewideasthatexpressedthepurityoftherising

bourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthe

corruptionoftheRomanCatholicchurch.

4.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance

（1）Capableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionof

perfection.

（2）Theyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebytoquestion,explore

andenjoy.

（3）ByemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingandtheImportanceof

thepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonly

havetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife

（4）TomasMore,ChristopherMarlowandWilliamShakespearearethe

bestrepresentativeoftheEnglishhumanist.

5Metaphysicalpoetry:

Metaphysicalischaracterizedbypassionate

thoughtsuccessionofconcentratedimage,exerciseofelaborate

ingenuityand“wit”,JohnDonewasthefamousoftheMetaphysical

poet.TheMetaphysicalPoetsweremenoflearningandtoshowtheir

learningwastheirendeavour.

EdmundSpencer

Masterpiece:

TheFaerieQueene（allegory）

ChristopherMarlowe

Universitywits

Importantplays:

Tambulaine,Dr.Faustus,TheJewofMetaEdmundII

MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceof

infinitepowersandauthority

（1）Perfectedtheblankverse.

（2）CreationoftheRenaissanceherotoEnglishdrama,itembodies

Marlowe’sidealofhumandignityandcapacity.

Dr.Faustus:

aspiringforknowledge,theplay’sdominantmoralis

humanratherthanreligious,itcelebratesthehumanpassionfor

knowledge,powerandhappiness,italsorevealsman’sfrustration

inrealizingthehighaspirationinahostilemoralorderandthe

confinementtotimeisthecruelestfactofman’scondition.

WilliamShakespeare

1.Works:

154sonnets,38plays,2longpoems

Comedy:

MerchantofVenice.

24greattragedies:

Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth

Eachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacetheinjusticeofhumanfate

iscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation,eachhero

hashisweaknessofnature.Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,

facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind:

Othello’sinnerweakness

ismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;theoldKingLearwhois

unwillingtototallygiveuphispowermakeshimselfsuffer,from

treacheryandinfidelity;Macbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphis

ambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrime.

3MerchantofVenice

Inthisplay,Shakespearehascreatedtension:

ambiguity,aself

consciousandself-delightingartificethatisatonce

intellectuallyexistingandemotionallyengaging.The

sophisticationderivesinpartfromtheplaybetweenhigh,

outstandingromanceanddarkfacesofnegatingandhatethe

traditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetween

AntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreat

beauty,witandloyalty,andtoexploreinsuitablegreedand

brutalityoftheJew.

4Hamlet.

Theplayhasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrilleranda

philosophicalexplorationoflifeoflifeanddeath,thetimeless

appealofhismightydramaliesinitscombinationofinjustice,

emotionalconflictandsearchingphilosophicmelancholy.Hamletis

obligedtoinhabitashadowworld,tolivesuspendedbetweenfact

andfiction,languageandaction.Hislifeisoneoftheconstant

role-playingexaminingthenatureofactingonlytodenyits

possibility.Forsu