英语xx社会与文化入门名词解释.doc

英语xx社会与文化入门名词解释.doc

《英语xx社会与文化入门名词解释.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语xx社会与文化入门名词解释.doc（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

《英语国家社会与文化入门》

 Chapter1

名词解释：

1.  TheThamesRiver

TheThamesRiveristhesecondlargestandmostimportantriverinBritain.Itis336kilometerslong,risinginsouthwestEnglandandflowingthroughEnglandandoutintotheNorthSea.Itflowsratherslowly,whichisveryfavorableforwatertransportation.

2．TheHighLanders

TheyaretheScotswholiveinthemountainousregionsoftheHighlandsinNorthernScotland.Theyareaproud,independentandhardypeoplewhomaintaintheirstrongculturalidentity.Theymainlylivebyfanningsheepinmountainareasorfishingonthecoastsandislands.

3．TheBritishCommonwealth

TheBritishEmpirewasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealthortheCommonwealthofnationsin1931.ItisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.Atpresentthereare50membercountrieswithintheCommonwealth.

4．TheChunnel

In1985theBritishgovernmentandFrenchgovernmentdecidedtobuildachanneltunnel,whichiscalled"Chunnel",undertheStraitsofDoversothatEnglandandFrancecouldbejoinedtogetherbyroad.TheChunnelwasopentotrafficinMay1994.

简答题

1.    WhatisthemainprobleminNorthernIreland?

ThemainprobleminNorthernIrelandisthefightbetweentheProtestants,whoarethedominantgroup,andtheRomanCatholics,whoareseekingmoresocial,politicalandeconomicopportunities.TheBritishGovernmentandtheIrishGovernmentarenowworkingtogethertobringpeacetoNorthernIreland.

2.WhatarethethreenaturalzonesinScotland?

ThethreenaturalzonesinScotlandare:

theHighlandsinthenorth,thecentralLowlandsandthesouthernUplands.

3.   WhatarethethreefactorswhichinfluencetheclimateinBritain?

（1）       Thesurroundingwaters.

（2）       TheprevailingsouthwestwindsortheWesterliesblowoverthecountryalltheyearround.

（3）       TheNorthAtlanticDrift.

4.    DescribethegeographicalpositionofBritain.

BritainisanislandcountrywhichliesoffthewestcoastoftheEuropeancontinentintheAtlanticOcean.Ortobemoreexact,itliesbetweenlatitude50to60degreesnorth.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.

5.   WhereaboutsinGreatBritainaremostlyhighlandandlowland?

ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands,andtheeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.

论述题

1.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheancestorsoftheEnglishandScots,WelshandIrish?

TheancestorsoftheEnglishareAnglo—Saxons.TheAnglo—Saxons,andsometimesincludingtheJutes,wereoriginallytribesoftheGermanicpeoplewholivedinthenorthwestoftoday'sGermany.DuringthefifthcenturywhentheRomanEmpirefell,theseGermanictribesinvadedandconqueredthesoutheasternpartofBritain,drivingthenativepeopleCeltsoutoftheirhomelandsandintothewesternandnorthernmountainareas.TheybecamethenewmasterofthelandwhichtheynamedEngland,meaning,"thelandoftheAngles".

TheScots,WelshandIrisharedescendantsoftheCelts.TheCeltsweredifferentgroupsofancientpeoplewhooriginallylivedintheuppervalleysoftheDanubeRiver.Later,theyspreadtoFrance,Spain,PortugalandNorthernItaly.About700BC,theycametoBritainandsettleddown.TheyweretheancestorsoftheScots,WelshandIrish.

2．WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritainandtheBritishIsles,GreatBritain,England,theUnitedKingdomandtheBritishCommonwealth?

Strictlyspeaking,theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEnglandaregeographicalnames.TheBritishisleslieoffthewestcoastofEuropeintheAtlanticOcean.Theyaremadeupoftwolargeislandsandhundredsofthesurroundingsmallerislands.ThetwolargeislandsareGreatBritainandIreland.GreatBritainisthelargerofthesetwoislands.EnglandisoneofthethreepartsthatmakeuptheIslandofGreatBritain（theothertwopartsareScotlandandWales）.Sometimes,Englandisusedasthenameofthecountry,butitisnotformalandofficial.TheofficialfullnameofthecountryistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Butitistoomuchofamouthfultosaysuchalongnameforacountry,sopeoplejustsayBritain,theUnitedKingdomorsimplyUK.TheBritishCommonwealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Today,thereare50membercountries（includingBritain,ofcourse）withintheCommonwealth.

Chapter2

名词解释：

1.    TheNormanConquest

William,DukeofNormandylandedhisarmyinEnglandinSeptember1066.HedefeatedHaroldandtheEnglishsoldiers.ThenhewasmadekingandcrownedinWestminsterAbbeyonChristma