针刺镇痛作用原理PPT-神经生物学课件.ppt.ppt
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医学课件园,针刺镇痛研究40年回顾,北京大学神经科学研究所,韩济生,医学课件园,历史回顾,1958年出现了“针刺麻醉”新事物周总理通过卫生部指示:
研究针麻原理全国100余座医学院校参与研究1965年9月我接受国家任务主持此项目,至今40年回顾40年历程,从科研方向、方法、结果进行总结,可能有一定意义,医学课件园,从“是什么”What?
针刺真的镇痛吗?
到“为什么”Why?
针刺为什么会镇痛?
医学课件园,Acupucture-inducedanalgesiaHumanObservation:
7,医学课件园,足三里,合谷穴,对照组,合谷优于足三里,医学课件园,合谷-足三里,合谷穴,对照组,合谷-足三里双穴优于单穴,医学课件园,对照组,合谷穴,非经穴,针刺非经穴也有镇痛效果,合谷穴,医学课件园,Sitespecificity,Meridine/channel(morphologicalevidence?
)Acupoints(precisetommlevel?
)Bodypoints(Chineseoriginal)orEarpoints(Frenchscholars)Bio-electricallysensitivesites,ordenselyinnervatedsitesrelativeratherthanabsolutespecificity,12,医学课件园,14,留针,留针,捻针,捻针,耳针镇痛:
规律相似捻针有效,留针效差,医学课件园,同一天重复电针,不同天重复电针,电针镇痛有个体差异,具有可重复性,大鼠实验,医学课件园,测痛是否能预测针麻效果?
外科手术时针麻效果,术前测定针刺镇痛效果,医学课件园,合谷穴内注射局麻药procaine阻断针刺镇痛,针刺合谷穴,针刺,穴位注射局麻药加针刺,医学课件园,ProcaineinfiltrationintheacupointabolishestheeffectofAA,0,20,40,60,80,-20,0,20,40,60,80,100,120,(n=10),AcupunctureatHekupoint,Painthresholdchange(%),Timeinminutes,Procaineinfiltration+Acupuncture,AnalgesiceffectproducedbyperipheralnerveStimulation,8,医学课件园,DecayoftheEffectofAcupunctureAnalgesiaAftertheterminationofacupuncturestimulationHalflife(T1/2)=16min,9,医学课件园,Rabbitexperiment:
crossinfusionofCSF,EvidenceshowinganeurochemicalbasisforAA,TFL,%change,Time,min,AA+CSFperfusion,200,100,150,aCSF,Donerrabbit,Latventricle,IIIventricle,perfusate,InfusionofCSF,Acupuncture,Control,50,0,10,Recipientrabbit,医学课件园,从“是什么”What?
针刺真的镇痛吗?
是的!
到“为什么”Why?
针刺为什么会镇痛?
医学课件园,机制研究从何入手?
从神经生理(电生理)入手?
从神经化学(物质基础)入手?
神经冲动是电活动到突触末端是化学活动,医学课件园,针刺镇痛的神经化学机制,小分子神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT),去甲肾上腺素(NA),乙酰胆碱(ACh),etc神经肽鸦片肽,非鸦片肽,医学课件园,Tailflicklatency,%change,TheroleofCNS5-HTinEAanalgesia,ICVinj,ITHinj,医学课件园,TheroleofCNSNAinEAanalgesia,TheroleofCNSNAinEAanalgesia,Tailflicklatency,%change,DOPS前体物质Phentol受体阻断,医学课件园,中枢神经递质在脑的不同部位发挥不同作用,医学课件园,医学课件园,2HzEAincreasesEnkrelease100HzEAincreasesDynrelease,12,医学课件园,0,500,1000,1500,2000,10,15,0,5,0,500,1000,1500,2000,0,5,10,15,2HzEnk,100HzDyn,fmol/mlCSF,FrequencydependenceofpeptidereleaseHumanStudy,Mek-Arg-Phe,DynorphinA,MEK-Arg-Phe,DynorphinA,AstudyincollaborationwithDr.LarsTerenius,13,医学课件园,15,大鼠脊髓中脑啡肽和强啡肽的作用:
低频:
脑啡肽高频:
强啡肽,医学课件园,电针不同频率发挥不同作用,医学课件园,放电频率,Response/Release,神经递质,神经肽,ThomasHokfelt,1991,Neuron7:
867-879,4,低频刺激释放神经递质,高频释放神经肽,医学课件园,2Hz,100Hz,1997,EAacceleratesthereleaseofendogenousopioids,医学课件园,SynergisticInteractionbetweenneuropeptides,19,医学课件园,TheoptimalcycleofDDwave,Theoptimalcycleseemstobe6second(3low,3high),1mA2mA3mA,医学课件园,TrendsinNeuroscience,2003;26:
17-22,医学课件园,电针方法是否有改进余地?
医学课件园,穴位接受什么刺激?
机悈刺激:
机悈压迫(砭),针刺温度刺激:
温针(经针),灸(经皮)电刺激:
经针(电针),经皮(TENS),医学课件园,电刺激穴位:
两种方式,经针(电针,EA)0.5-3.0mA经皮(经皮电刺激,TENS)5-15mA,15,医学课件园,必须应用恒流(constantcurrent)电刺激仪,医学课件园,EqualpotencyoftheanalgesiceffectsproducedbyEAandTENSinrats,EATENS,EATENS,2Hz,15Hz,100Hz,Placebo,TFL,%change,16,医学课件园,CrosstolerancebetweenEAandTENS,医学课件园,电针和TENS的比较,相同点:
镇痛效果相似,镇痛机制相同,TENS使用方便。
医学课件园,HANSforthetreatmentofautism自闭症、孤独症,TheHANSunitandtheskinelectrodes,AnautismpatientistreatinghimselfwithaHANSunit.,18,ShenZhenHospital,医学课件园,电针镇痛的神经通路,经典神经生物学方法脑影像方法必须与针刺治疗效果相关者才有意义,医学课件园,NervepathwaysforlowandhighfrequencyEAanalgesia,100Hz,2Hz,-end,Enk,Dyn,PBN,ArcuateN.Hypoth.,PAG,Medulla,DHN,医学课件园,NervepathwaysforlowandhighfrequencyEAanalgesia,27,Ratexperiment,医学课件园,Brainimagingandfunctionalcorrelates,Acupuncturemayactivatemanybrainareas.Butwhichisrelatedwiththegivenfunctionalchange?
ItisadvisabletofindthecorrelationbetweentheBOLDsignalsandthetherapeuticeffectsproducedbyacupuncture,28,医学课件园,29,Respondersandnon-respondersinacupunctureanalgesia,医学课件园,30,ZhangWT,etal:
BrainRes2003;982:
168-178,Positivecorrelation,医学课件园,31,ZhangWT,etal:
BrainRes2003;982:
168-178,医学课件园,从原理研究返回临床实际,医学课件园,HansAcupointNerveStimulator(HANS)韩氏穴位神经刺激仪,NeiGuan(Pe6),Heku(LI4),21,HANS,医学课件园,Electricalstimulationparameters,Frequency(Hz,1-100)Intensity(mA,0.5-3.0)Pulsewidth(ms,0.1-0.6),20,医学课件园,急性痛(创伤,手术,术后,生育),慢性痛(神经损伤,炎症,肿瘤,),医学课件园,0,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,0,1,2,0,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,Fi-enf(%),Enflureneconc(%),Fex-enf(%),Enflureneconc(%),HoweffectiveisHANSforreducingAcute(surgical)pain?
ToreducethedoseofEnflureneusedinCranialOperations,PriortoIncisionAfterIncisionDrillingtheskullOpentheduraRemovetumorSuturingduraSuturingskin,EnflureneHANS+Enf,HANSproducesa45%-50%reductionofanestheticuse,33,31,-HANS,+HANS,医学课件园,针刺镇痛的积累效应疗效增强,作用时间延长。
慢性痛需要多次治疗多次治疗疗效是渐增?
还是渐减?
医学课件园,TheLonglastingEffectofElectroacupunctureonCold-inducedNeuropathicPain,37,35,0,2,8,16,24,48,5d,0,10,20,30,hr,TimeafterEA,NumberofPawLiftsfromcoldplate/5min,2Hz100Hz,TheEffectofoneRxofacupuncturecanlastaslongas2days,医学课件园,CumulativeeffectofEAonspinalspasticity,SessionofEA,0,5,10,15,20,0,1,2,3,4,5,P0.01,100Hz(n=6),2Hz(n=3),AshworthScor