常用词组辨析1.docx

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常用词组辨析1.docx

常用词组辨析1

常用词组辨析

1.clothes,cloth,clothing

 clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布,为不可数名词

clothing服装的总称,指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof

2.incident,accident

 incident指小事件,

accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.

3.amount,number

 amount后接不可数名词,number后接可数名词anumberofstudents

4.family,house,home

 home家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员.

Myfamilyisahappyone.

5.sound,voice,noise

 sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音

Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.

6.photo,picture,drawing

 photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,

drawing画的画

 Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.

7.vocabulary,word

 vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,

word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.

8.population,people

 population人口,人数,people具体的人,(一个国家的,一个民族的)人

Chinahasalargepopulation.

9.weather,climate

weather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况

Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.

10.road,street,path,way

 road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,

way道路,途径,方式,方法

 takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.

11.course,subject

 course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)

asummercourse

12.custom,habit

 custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接todo,habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.

13.cause,reason

 cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.

thereasonforbeinglate

14.exercise,exercises,practice

 exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习

Practicemakesperfect.

15.class,lesson

 作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.

lesson6;class5

16.speech,talk,lecture

 speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture学术性的演讲,讲课aseriesoflectureon…

17.officer,official

 officer部队的军官,official政府官员anarmyofficer

18.work,job

 二者均指工作。

Work指具体工作,不可数

job指一份工作,可数agoodjob

19.couple,pair

 couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由相同且对称的两个东西,

apairoftrousers

20.country,nation,state,land

 country国家的总称,包括版图,疆域,人民,文化等;nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家

Thewholenationwassadatthenews.

21.cook,cooker

 cook厨师,cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.

22.damage,damages

 damage不可数名词,(抽象名词)损害,损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages

23.police,policeman

 police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.

24.problem,question

 problem需要解决的困难,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise,

Question疑问,问题,多和ask,answer连用

25.man,aman

 man人类,aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.

26.chick,chicken

 二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.

27.telegram,telegraph

 当电报解时,telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的

atelegram,bytelegraph

28.trip,journey,travel,voyage

 travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,

voyage指海上航行 athree-daytrip

29.sport,game

 sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;

game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.

30.price,prize

 price价格,prize奖,奖品,奖金

winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.

31.anumberof,thenumberof

 anumberof几个,谓语动词用复数。

thenumberof…的数目,谓语动词用单数。

Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.

32.infrontof,inthefrontof

 infrontof范围外的前面,inthefrontof范围内的前面

Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.

33.oftheday,ofaday

 oftheday每一天的/当时的,当代的,ofaday暂时的,不长久的

afamousscientistoftheday

34.threeofus,thethreeofus

 threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,thethreeofus我们三个(就三个人)

Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.

35.bybus,onthebus

 bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词,Theywenttherebybus.

onthebus在公共汽车上,表范围

36.foramoment,forthemoment

 foramoment片刻,一会儿,forthemoment暂时,一时

Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.

37.nextyear,thenextyear

 nextyear将来时间状语,thenextyear过去将来时间状语

Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.

38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear

 morethanayear一年多,不强调(一年)

morethanoneyear强调超过一年(两年或三年等)

39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice

 takeadvice征求意见,taketheadvice接受忠告

Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.

40.takeair,taketheair

 takeair传播,走漏,taketheair到户外去,散步

Wetaketheaireveryday.

41.inaword,inwords

 inaword总之,一句话,

inwords口头上Inaword,youareright.

42.inplaceof,intheplaceof

 inplaceof代替,intheplaceof在…地方(在….的位置)上

Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.

43.insecret,inthesecret

 insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,

一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.

44.agirl,onegirl

 agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩(强调一个)

Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?

45.takeachair,takethechair

 takeachair相当于sitdown坐下,takethechair开始开会

46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea

 gotosea当海员,出航,bysea乘船,由海路,gobysea坐船去

bythesea在海边

47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher

 thedoctorandteacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,

thedoctorandtheteacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师

thedoctorandteacher+is…..

thedoctorandtheteacher+are

48.inoffice,intheoffice

 inoffice在职的,intheoffice在办公室里Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.

49.inbed,onthebed

 inbed卧在床上,onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.

50.inchargeof,inthechargeof

 inchargeof管理,负责照料,inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.

51.inclass,intheclass

 inclass在课上,intheclass在班级里

Heisthebeststudentintheclass.

52.onfire,onthefire

 onfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.

Thehouseisonfire.

53.outofquestion,outofthequestion

 outofquestion毫无疑问的,outofthequestion不可能的

54.asecond,thesecond

 asecond又一,再一,thesecond第……

Hewonthesecondprize.

55.byday,bytheday

 byday白天,bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidby

theday.

56.thepeople,apeople

 thepeople指人,apeople指民族TheChineseisa

peace-lovingpeople.

57.it,one

 it同一物体,one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuya

newone.

58.that,this

 that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy…

59.none,nothing,noone

 none强调有多少,nothing,noone强调有没有,nothing指物,noone指人

 ---Howmany…/Howmuch…?

---None.

60.anyone,anyone

 anyone指人,不能接of,anyone指人物均可,可接ofanyoneofyou

61.who,what

 who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?

Heisateacher.

62.what,which

 what的选择基础是无限制的,which在一定范围内进行选择

Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?

63.other,another

 other后接名词复数,another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent

64.notalittle,notabit

 notalittle非常,notabit一点也不I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。

65.many,much,alotof

 many和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,alotof可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.

66.muchmore…than,manymore…than

 muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词,manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful

67.no,not

 no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriend

nowater=notanywater

68.nomorethan,notmorethan

 nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有,notmorethan至多,不超过

69.majority,most

 majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople

70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself

 byoneself单独的,独自的,foroneself为自己,tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,

 自动的Thedooropenedofitself.

71.atall,afterall

 atall根本,全然,afterall到底,毕竟Afterallheisachild.

72.tall,high

 tall常指人或动物,Heistall.high常指物体.

73.fast,quickly

 fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly

74.high,highly

 high具体的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof

75.healthy,healthful

 healthy健康的,健壮的,

healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise

76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy

 sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,sleepy困的,有睡意的

asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.

77.gold,golden

 gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金鱼用goldfish,

agoldring

78.most,mostly

 most用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,

mostly大部分,是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…

79.just,very

 just表强调时是副词,作状语,very表强调时是形容词,用作定语theveryman,justtheman

80.wide,broad

 wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离,broad侧重于幅面的宽广

broadshoulders

81.real,true

 real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory

82.respectful,respectable

 respectful尊敬,有礼貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的

berespectfultotheaged

83.outwards,outward

 二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage

84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing

 pleasant常用作定语,pleased,pleasing常用作表语,pleased主语常为人,

pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.

85.understanding,understandable

 understanding明白事理的,能体谅的,understandable可理解的,能够懂的

anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake

86.close,closely

 close接近,靠近,closely紧紧地,紧密地closelyconnected,

standclose

87.ill,sick

 ill做表语,sick定,表均可asickboy

88.good,well

good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.

89.quiet,silent,still

 quiet安静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出声音,但可以动,still完全不动,完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话。

90.hard,hardly

 hard努力,hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.

91.able,capable

 able与不定式todo连用,capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing…

92.almost,nearly

 二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody

93.late,lately

 late迟,晚,lately最近,近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.

94.living,alive,live,lively

 living,alive,live均为活着的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定语后置,live只能做定语,lively意为活波的

allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive

95.excited,exciting

 excited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.

96.deep,deeply

 deep具体的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地deeplymoved,

digdeep

97.aloud,loud

 aloud出声地,loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)

98.worth,worthy

 二者均为值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone,

ofbeingdone

  Itisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.

99.bad,badly

 bad形容词,badly副词,不好,但与need,want,require连用为"很,非常"gobad

Ineedthebookbadly.

100.beforelong,longbefore

 beforelong不久以后,longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong

101.quite,rather

 quite完全地,相当于completely,rather修饰比较级

quiteimpossible

102.happy,glad

 happy高兴,幸福,定表均可,glad高兴,只能做表语

ahappygirl

103.instead,insteadof

  instead是副词,放在句首或句末,insteadof是介词短语,放在句中

Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV. HewatchedTV

insteadofseeingafilm.

104.toomuch,muchtoo

 

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