新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案.docx

新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案.docx

《新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案

Unit8FocusonGlobalWarming        

Textcomprehension

I.A

II.1.T;  2.T;  3.F;  4.F;  5.F.

III.

1.Paragraph2.Becauseglobalwarmingmaybethesinglelargestthreattoourplanet（theearth）.Low-lyingnationscouldbeawashinseawater,rainanddroughtpatternsacrosstheworldcouldchange,hurricanescouldbecomemorefrequent,andElNinoscouldbecomemoreintense.

2.Paragraph3.Ourfactories,powerplants,andcarsburncoalandgasolineandspitoutcarbondioxide,producemethanebyallowingourtrashtodecomposeinlandfillsandbybreedinglargeherdsofmethane-belchingcattle,andreleasenitrogenoxidebyusingnitrogen-basedfertilizers.

3.Paragraph4.Theincreasedconcentrationsofgreenhousegases prevent additionalthermalradiation from leavingtheEarth,socausetheglobalwarming.

4.Paragraph7.Aslightincrease in heatandraininequatorialregionswouldincreasevector-borne带菌媒介引起的diseasessuchasmalaria;moreintenserainsandhurricanescouldcausemoreseverefloodingandmoredeathsincoastalregionsandalongriverbeds;evenamoderateriseinsealevelcouldthreatenthe low-lyingislands;hottersummerscouldleadto morecasesofheatstroke,hospitaladmissionsanddeathsamongvulnerablepeoplewithheartproblemsorrespiratoryproblems.

5.Paragraph8and10.Wecan curb ourconsumptionoffossilfuelsandusetechnologiestoreducetheemissionofheat-trappinggaseslike carbon二氧化碳 dioxide,methane,and nitrousoxides,andprotecttheforestsintheworld,andwecanalsoadvocatepoliciesthatwillcombatglobalwarmingoverthelongterm,thingslikecleancars, environmentallyresponsible renewableenergytechnologies,andstoppingthe clear-cutting ofvaluableforests.

IV.

1.GlobalwarmingwillprobablybethemostseriousthreattoourEarth,ifwedonottakeintoaccountofsomeotherpossibledisasters,suchasanotherworldwar,collisionofourEarthwithsomesmallorbitingplanet,orspreadofincurablediseases.

2.Intermsofhumanhealth,thepeopleofthepoorercountrieswillsuffermost,becausetheircountriesdonothavemoneytoprotectthemwhenclimatechanges.

Structuralanalysis

Sub-ideasinthesecondpart.

1）the causes oftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere（Paragraphs3and4）

2）the effect ofsuchconcentrationonclimatechange（Paragraphs5and6）

3）thepotential threat ofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival（Paragraph7）

Partone.Vocabulary

1 Phrase

1.withtheexceptionof:

except,apartfrom  除……之外， 不包括……在内

2.Inessence=essentially,basically  本质上，根本上

3.whereverpossible:

 whenever itispossible  只要可能

4.overthelongterm:

overalongperiod  从长远看

5.alternative=substitutable,different,replaceable

II.

1.focus;2.muchthesame;3.consciousness;4.threat;5.deserved;6.decomposed;7.revealed;8.frequent.

III.Wordderivation

Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.

1.Hernaturalgoodsensewasimprovedbytheperusal（peruse）ofthebestbooks.

2.Effortstoreachtheinjuredmenhavebeenintensified（intense）becauseofasuddendeteriorationofweatherconditions.

3.Iknewhedeservedtobepunishedbutmakinghimstayineverynightforayearisalittleexcessive（excess）.

4.Theoriesoftheoriginoflifearepartlyspeculative（speculate）,sincethereissolittledirectevidenceavailable.

5.Thisisabookthatcontainsanabundance（abundant）ofvaluableinformation.

6.Thecostoftheflights,accommodationandcarrentalistwothousanddollarsinclusive（include）.

7.Whenanironobjectisheatedinafire,itglowsredandemits（emission）radiation.

8.WehardlyevergointoLondon.Whateverweneedwecanbuylocally（local）.

1.perusev. 熟读，精读

  perusaln. 熟读，精读；仔细研究

e.g. 他每天都要读各种报纸。

Heperusedthenewspaperseveryday.

2.intensea. 强烈的，剧烈的，热烈的

  intensifyv. 增强，强化；加剧

intensiven. 强烈的；密集的

  intensificationn. 增强，加强，强化

e.g. 我的工作非常紧张，以至于我没有时间休息。

MyworkissointensethatIevenhavenotimetotakearest.

我的初次失败更坚定了我成功的信念。

Myfirstfailureonlyintensifiedmydesiretosucceed.

我们有十天的强化训练。

Wehavetendaysofintensivetraining.

3.excessa. 过量的，额外的

  excessivea. 过多的，过分的

e.g. 这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。

Thefatboywentonadiettogetridofhisexcessweight.

4.speculatev. 推测，好奇

  speculationn. 沉思，推测；投机

  speculativea. 推测的，推理的；投机的

  speculatorn. 投机者，投机商人

e.g. 我猜想的全错了。

Myspeculationsprovedtotallywrong.

他是一个冷酷的投机者。

Heisaruthlessspeculator.

5.abundanta. 丰富的，充裕的

  abundancen. 丰富，充裕

  abundantlyad. 大量地，丰富地

e.g. 今年的农产品很丰富。

Theagriculturalcommoditiesareabundantthisyear.

这个国家拥有丰富的资源。

Thiscountryhasanabundanceofvaluableresources.

6.includev. 包括，包含

  includingprep. 包含，包括

  inclusivea. 包含……在内的，包罗广泛的

e.g. 账单中包含服务费。

Thebillincludesservice.

他们有很多宠物，狗就有三只。

Theyhavemanypets,includingthreedogs.

7.emissionn. 散发；发射

  emitv. 发出，放射；吐露

e.g. 干酪散发出强烈的气味。

Thecheesewasemittingastrongsmell.

8.locala. 地方性的；当地的，局部的

  locallyad. 在本地，在当地

e.g. 当地大多数的居民靠打渔为生。

Mostofthelocalpopulationdependonfishingfortheirincome.

IV.

1.A;  2.D;  3.B;  4.C;  5.D;  6.A;  7.C;  8.A.

V.Synonym/Antonym

Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.

1.Globalwarmingresultsprimarilyfromhumanactivitiesthatreleaseheat-trappinggasesandparticlesintotheair.

Synonym:

mainly,basically,firstly

2.Fortunately,wecantakeactionstoslowdownglobalwarming.

Antonym:

unfortunately,unluckily

3.Themostimportantcausesincludetheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoal,gas,andoil,anddeforestation.

Antonym:

exclude

4.Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyoumadeatriptothelibraryandperusedtheperiodicalsectionforarticlesonglobalwarming,you’dprobablyhavecomeupwithonlyafewabstractsfromhardcoresciencejournalsormaybeablurbinsomeesotericgeopoliticalmagazine.

Synonym:

part,division

5.That’sanincreaseofroughly1°Cevery4,000years.

Antonym:

decrease,lowering

6.Muchoftheavailableclimatedataappeartobackthesefears.

Antonym:

unavailable

7.Allacrosstheglobe,hottersummerscouldleadtomorecasesofheatstrokeanddeathsamongthosewhoarevulnerable,suchasolderpeoplewithheartproblems.

Synonym:

weak,insecure,unsafe

8.…thingslikecleancarsthatrunonalternativefuels,environmentallyresponsiblerenewableenergytechnologies,andstoppingtheclear-cuttingofvaluableforests.

Antonym:

irresponsible

VI. Prefix

Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.

1.centigrade              centimeter                     

2.kilogram        kilometer     

3.synopsis                 synthetic                      

4.supervise        superior      

5.submarine              submerge                      

6.astronaut         astronomy   

7.microbiology         microwave                    

8.overwork         overload    

1.Explanation:

     centi-:

onehundredth

          e.g.centigram,centiliter,centimeter

2.Explanation:

kilo-:

onethousand

e.g.kilowatt,kilobyte,kilohertz

3.Explanation:

     syn-:

 synonymous

        e.g.synonym,synonymy,synchronous

4.Explanation:

super-:

extremely,moreorbetterthannormal

e.g.superhuman,supercomputer,superconductor,superego

5.Explanation:

sub-:

below;lessthan;under

e.g.sub-zero,subway,subset

6.Explanation:

astro-:

connectedwiththestarsorouterspace

e.g.astrophysics,astrology,astronomer

7.Explanation:

micro-:

small;onasmallscale

e.g.microchip,micro-organism,microbe,microcosm

8.Explanation:

over-:

morethanusual;toomuch

e.g.overconfident,overanxious,over-optimistic

II GrammarExercises

1. Thepresentperfecttensevs.thesimplepasttense

Thesimplepastreferstothedefinitepast.Thepresentperfectrefersto“thepastwithpresentrelevance.”Theactionorstatedenotedbythepresentperfecttense,thoughreferringtosomeindefinitehappeninginthepast,has someconnectionwiththepresent.Hence,ifanactionorstatehappenedinthepastandhas noconnectionwiththepresent,itwillhavetobeexpressedbythesimplepast.

Compare:

Hisfatherhasbeenateacherallhislife.（Hisfatherisstillalive.）

         Hisfatherwasateacherallhislife.（Hisfatherisnowdead.）

I.Completethefollowingsentencesusingtheappropriateverbforms.

1.    began//havehad

2.    A:

Have//talked

B:

Havetalked//talked

3.    He__hasinvented__（invent）hundredsofthings.Heisoneofthemostproductiveinventorsofourgeneration.

4.    have//telephoned//went

5.    havebeen

6.    hasgot（gotten）

7.    hasbeen

8.    haveforgotten

9.    A:

Isyourfatherathome?

B:

No,I’mafraidhe___hasgone____（go）out.

A:

Whenexactly__didhego___（he,go）out?

B:

Abouttenminutesago.

10.was//hasdisappeared.

II.

III.

1.a.simplepresentform;b.“hasobtained”.

2.synonymousa.thespeaker’spointofview;b.thelistener’sperspective.

3.a.definite;b.indefinite

4.a.stillsuffering;b.past

5.a.onthewayorinItaly;b.leftItaly.

6.a.inthemorning;b.afterthemorning

7.a.todayisnotfinishedandhemaydrinkmore;b.simplyhappenedtoday.

8.a.passedaway;b.stillliving.

IV.

1.havehad--have

2.havebeen–be

3.laying–lying

4.bore–bear

5.Rang--Rung

6.rised–risen

7.had–has

2.Connectives（because,as,since,seeingthat,for,becauseof）

Becauseisgenerallyusedwhenthereasonisthemostimportantpartofthesentence.

Asandsinceareusedwhenthereasonisalready