新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案.docx
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新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案
Unit8FocusonGlobalWarming
Textcomprehension
I.A
II.1.T; 2.T; 3.F; 4.F; 5.F.
III.
1.Paragraph2.Becauseglobalwarmingmaybethesinglelargestthreattoourplanet(theearth).Low-lyingnationscouldbeawashinseawater,rainanddroughtpatternsacrosstheworldcouldchange,hurricanescouldbecomemorefrequent,andElNinoscouldbecomemoreintense.
2.Paragraph3.Ourfactories,powerplants,andcarsburncoalandgasolineandspitoutcarbondioxide,producemethanebyallowingourtrashtodecomposeinlandfillsandbybreedinglargeherdsofmethane-belchingcattle,andreleasenitrogenoxidebyusingnitrogen-basedfertilizers.
3.Paragraph4.Theincreasedconcentrationsofgreenhousegases prevent additionalthermalradiation from leavingtheEarth,socausetheglobalwarming.
4.Paragraph7.Aslightincrease in heatandraininequatorialregionswouldincreasevector-borne带菌媒介引起的diseasessuchasmalaria;moreintenserainsandhurricanescouldcausemoreseverefloodingandmoredeathsincoastalregionsandalongriverbeds;evenamoderateriseinsealevelcouldthreatenthe low-lyingislands;hottersummerscouldleadto morecasesofheatstroke,hospitaladmissionsanddeathsamongvulnerablepeoplewithheartproblemsorrespiratoryproblems.
5.Paragraph8and10.Wecan curb ourconsumptionoffossilfuelsandusetechnologiestoreducetheemissionofheat-trappinggaseslike carbon二氧化碳 dioxide,methane,and nitrousoxides,andprotecttheforestsintheworld,andwecanalsoadvocatepoliciesthatwillcombatglobalwarmingoverthelongterm,thingslikecleancars, environmentallyresponsible renewableenergytechnologies,andstoppingthe clear-cutting ofvaluableforests.
IV.
1.GlobalwarmingwillprobablybethemostseriousthreattoourEarth,ifwedonottakeintoaccountofsomeotherpossibledisasters,suchasanotherworldwar,collisionofourEarthwithsomesmallorbitingplanet,orspreadofincurablediseases.
2.Intermsofhumanhealth,thepeopleofthepoorercountrieswillsuffermost,becausetheircountriesdonothavemoneytoprotectthemwhenclimatechanges.
Structuralanalysis
Sub-ideasinthesecondpart.
1)the causes oftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere(Paragraphs3and4)
2)the effect ofsuchconcentrationonclimatechange(Paragraphs5and6)
3)thepotential threat ofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival(Paragraph7)
Partone.Vocabulary
1 Phrase
1.withtheexceptionof:
except,apartfrom 除……之外, 不包括……在内
2.Inessence=essentially,basically 本质上,根本上
3.whereverpossible:
whenever itispossible 只要可能
4.overthelongterm:
overalongperiod 从长远看
5.alternative=substitutable,different,replaceable
II.
1.focus;2.muchthesame;3.consciousness;4.threat;5.deserved;6.decomposed;7.revealed;8.frequent.
III.Wordderivation
Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.Hernaturalgoodsensewasimprovedbytheperusal(peruse)ofthebestbooks.
2.Effortstoreachtheinjuredmenhavebeenintensified(intense)becauseofasuddendeteriorationofweatherconditions.
3.Iknewhedeservedtobepunishedbutmakinghimstayineverynightforayearisalittleexcessive(excess).
4.Theoriesoftheoriginoflifearepartlyspeculative(speculate),sincethereissolittledirectevidenceavailable.
5.Thisisabookthatcontainsanabundance(abundant)ofvaluableinformation.
6.Thecostoftheflights,accommodationandcarrentalistwothousanddollarsinclusive(include).
7.Whenanironobjectisheatedinafire,itglowsredandemits(emission)radiation.
8.WehardlyevergointoLondon.Whateverweneedwecanbuylocally(local).
1.perusev. 熟读,精读
perusaln. 熟读,精读;仔细研究
e.g. 他每天都要读各种报纸。
Heperusedthenewspaperseveryday.
2.intensea. 强烈的,剧烈的,热烈的
intensifyv. 增强,强化;加剧
intensiven. 强烈的;密集的
intensificationn. 增强,加强,强化
e.g. 我的工作非常紧张,以至于我没有时间休息。
MyworkissointensethatIevenhavenotimetotakearest.
我的初次失败更坚定了我成功的信念。
Myfirstfailureonlyintensifiedmydesiretosucceed.
我们有十天的强化训练。
Wehavetendaysofintensivetraining.
3.excessa. 过量的,额外的
excessivea. 过多的,过分的
e.g. 这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。
Thefatboywentonadiettogetridofhisexcessweight.
4.speculatev. 推测,好奇
speculationn. 沉思,推测;投机
speculativea. 推测的,推理的;投机的
speculatorn. 投机者,投机商人
e.g. 我猜想的全错了。
Myspeculationsprovedtotallywrong.
他是一个冷酷的投机者。
Heisaruthlessspeculator.
5.abundanta. 丰富的,充裕的
abundancen. 丰富,充裕
abundantlyad. 大量地,丰富地
e.g. 今年的农产品很丰富。
Theagriculturalcommoditiesareabundantthisyear.
这个国家拥有丰富的资源。
Thiscountryhasanabundanceofvaluableresources.
6.includev. 包括,包含
includingprep. 包含,包括
inclusivea. 包含……在内的,包罗广泛的
e.g. 账单中包含服务费。
Thebillincludesservice.
他们有很多宠物,狗就有三只。
Theyhavemanypets,includingthreedogs.
7.emissionn. 散发;发射
emitv. 发出,放射;吐露
e.g. 干酪散发出强烈的气味。
Thecheesewasemittingastrongsmell.
8.locala. 地方性的;当地的,局部的
locallyad. 在本地,在当地
e.g. 当地大多数的居民靠打渔为生。
Mostofthelocalpopulationdependonfishingfortheirincome.
IV.
1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.C; 5.D; 6.A; 7.C; 8.A.
V.Synonym/Antonym
Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.Globalwarmingresultsprimarilyfromhumanactivitiesthatreleaseheat-trappinggasesandparticlesintotheair.
Synonym:
mainly,basically,firstly
2.Fortunately,wecantakeactionstoslowdownglobalwarming.
Antonym:
unfortunately,unluckily
3.Themostimportantcausesincludetheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoal,gas,andoil,anddeforestation.
Antonym:
exclude
4.Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyoumadeatriptothelibraryandperusedtheperiodicalsectionforarticlesonglobalwarming,you’dprobablyhavecomeupwithonlyafewabstractsfromhardcoresciencejournalsormaybeablurbinsomeesotericgeopoliticalmagazine.
Synonym:
part,division
5.That’sanincreaseofroughly1°Cevery4,000years.
Antonym:
decrease,lowering
6.Muchoftheavailableclimatedataappeartobackthesefears.
Antonym:
unavailable
7.Allacrosstheglobe,hottersummerscouldleadtomorecasesofheatstrokeanddeathsamongthosewhoarevulnerable,suchasolderpeoplewithheartproblems.
Synonym:
weak,insecure,unsafe
8.…thingslikecleancarsthatrunonalternativefuels,environmentallyresponsiblerenewableenergytechnologies,andstoppingtheclear-cuttingofvaluableforests.
Antonym:
irresponsible
VI. Prefix
Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.
1.centigrade centimeter
2.kilogram kilometer
3.synopsis synthetic
4.supervise superior
5.submarine submerge
6.astronaut astronomy
7.microbiology microwave
8.overwork overload
1.Explanation:
centi-:
onehundredth
e.g.centigram,centiliter,centimeter
2.Explanation:
kilo-:
onethousand
e.g.kilowatt,kilobyte,kilohertz
3.Explanation:
syn-:
synonymous
e.g.synonym,synonymy,synchronous
4.Explanation:
super-:
extremely,moreorbetterthannormal
e.g.superhuman,supercomputer,superconductor,superego
5.Explanation:
sub-:
below;lessthan;under
e.g.sub-zero,subway,subset
6.Explanation:
astro-:
connectedwiththestarsorouterspace
e.g.astrophysics,astrology,astronomer
7.Explanation:
micro-:
small;onasmallscale
e.g.microchip,micro-organism,microbe,microcosm
8.Explanation:
over-:
morethanusual;toomuch
e.g.overconfident,overanxious,over-optimistic
II GrammarExercises
1. Thepresentperfecttensevs.thesimplepasttense
Thesimplepastreferstothedefinitepast.Thepresentperfectrefersto“thepastwithpresentrelevance.”Theactionorstatedenotedbythepresentperfecttense,thoughreferringtosomeindefinitehappeninginthepast,has someconnectionwiththepresent.Hence,ifanactionorstatehappenedinthepastandhas noconnectionwiththepresent,itwillhavetobeexpressedbythesimplepast.
Compare:
Hisfatherhasbeenateacherallhislife.(Hisfatherisstillalive.)
Hisfatherwasateacherallhislife.(Hisfatherisnowdead.)
I.Completethefollowingsentencesusingtheappropriateverbforms.
1. began//havehad
2. A:
Have//talked
B:
Havetalked//talked
3. He__hasinvented__(invent)hundredsofthings.Heisoneofthemostproductiveinventorsofourgeneration.
4. have//telephoned//went
5. havebeen
6. hasgot(gotten)
7. hasbeen
8. haveforgotten
9. A:
Isyourfatherathome?
B:
No,I’mafraidhe___hasgone____(go)out.
A:
Whenexactly__didhego___(he,go)out?
B:
Abouttenminutesago.
10.was//hasdisappeared.
II.
III.
1.a.simplepresentform;b.“hasobtained”.
2.synonymousa.thespeaker’spointofview;b.thelistener’sperspective.
3.a.definite;b.indefinite
4.a.stillsuffering;b.past
5.a.onthewayorinItaly;b.leftItaly.
6.a.inthemorning;b.afterthemorning
7.a.todayisnotfinishedandhemaydrinkmore;b.simplyhappenedtoday.
8.a.passedaway;b.stillliving.
IV.
1.havehad--have
2.havebeen–be
3.laying–lying
4.bore–bear
5.Rang--Rung
6.rised–risen
7.had–has
2.Connectives(because,as,since,seeingthat,for,becauseof)
Becauseisgenerallyusedwhenthereasonisthemostimportantpartofthesentence.
Asandsinceareusedwhenthereasonisalready