新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案.docx

1、新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案Unit 8 Focus on Global WarmingText comprehensionI. AII. 1. T;2. T;3. F;4. F;5. F.III.1. Paragraph 2. Because global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet（the earth）. Low-lying nations could be awash in seawater, rain and drought patterns across the wor

2、ld could change, hurricanes could become more frequent, and El Ninos could become more intense.2. Paragraph 3. Our factories, power plants, and cars burn coal and gasoline and spit out carbon dioxide, produce methane by allowing our trash to decompose in landfills and by breeding large herds of meth

3、ane-belching cattle, and release nitrogen oxide by using nitrogen-based fertilizers.3. Paragraph 4. The increased concentrations of greenhouse gasespreventadditional thermal radiationfromleaving the Earth, so cause the global warming.4. Paragraph 7. A slight increaseinheat and rain in equatorial reg

4、ions would increase vector-borne带菌媒介引起的diseases such as malaria; more intense rains and hurricanes could cause more severe flooding and more deaths in coastal regions and along riverbeds; even a moderate rise in sea level could threaten thelow-lying islands; hotter summers couldlead tomore cases of

5、heatstroke, hospital admissions and deaths among vulnerable people with heart problems or respiratory problems.5. Paragraph 8 and 10. We cancurbour consumption of fossil fuels and use technologies to reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases likecarbon二氧化碳dioxide, methane, andnitrous oxides, and pr

6、otect the forests in the world, and we can also advocate policies that will combat global warming over the long term, things like clean cars,environmentally responsiblerenewable energy technologies, and stopping theclear-cuttingof valuable forests.IV.1. Global warming will probably be the most serio

7、us threat to our Earth, if we do not take into account of some other possible disasters, such as another world war, collision of our Earth with some small orbiting planet, or spread of incurable diseases.2. In terms of human health, the people of the poorer countries will suffer most, because their

8、countries do not have money to protect them when climate changes.Structural analysisSub-ideas in the second part.1) thecausesof the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Paragraphs 3 and 4)2) theeffectof such concentration on climate change (Paragraphs 5 and 6)3) the potentialt

9、hreatof global warming to human health and survival (Paragraph 7)Part one. Vocabulary1Phrase1. with the exception of: except, apart from除之外，不包括在内2. In essence = essentially, basically本质上，根本上3. wherever possible:wheneverit is possible只要可能4. over the long term: over a long period从长远看5. alternative = s

10、ubstitutable, different, replaceableII.1. focus; 2. much the same; 3. consciousness; 4. threat; 5. deserved; 6. decomposed; 7. revealed; 8. frequent.III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. Her natural good sense was improved by the perusal (peruse) of

11、the best books.2. Efforts to reach the injured men have been intensified (intense) because of a sudden deterioration of weather conditions.3. I knew he deserved to be punished but making him stay in every night for a year is a little excessive (excess).4. Theories of the origin of life are partly sp

12、eculative (speculate), since there is so little direct evidence available.5. This is a book that contains an abundance (abundant) of valuable information.6. The cost of the flights, accommodation and car rental is two thousand dollars inclusive (include).7. When an iron object is heated in a fire, i

13、t glows red and emits (emission) radiation.8. We hardly ever go into London. Whatever we need we can buy locally (local).1. peruse v.熟读，精读perusal n.熟读，精读；仔细研究e.g.他每天都要读各种报纸。He perused the newspapers every day.2. intense a.强烈的，剧烈的，热烈的intensify v.增强，强化；加剧intensive n.强烈的；密集的intensification n.增强，加强，强化e.

14、g.我的工作非常紧张，以至于我没有时间休息。My work is so intense that I even have no time to take a rest.我的初次失败更坚定了我成功的信念。My first failure only intensified my desire to succeed.我们有十天的强化训练。We have ten days of intensive training.3. excess a.过量的，额外的excessive a.过多的，过分的e.g.这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。The fat boy went on a diet to get

15、rid of his excess weight.4. speculate v.推测，好奇speculation n.沉思，推测；投机speculative a.推测的，推理的；投机的speculator n.投机者，投机商人e.g.我猜想的全错了。My speculations proved totally wrong.他是一个冷酷的投机者。He is a ruthless speculator.5. abundant a.丰富的，充裕的abundance n.丰富，充裕abundantly ad.大量地，丰富地e.g.今年的农产品很丰富。The agricultural commoditi

16、es are abundant this year.这个国家拥有丰富的资源。This country has an abundance of valuable resources.6. include v.包括，包含including prep.包含，包括inclusive a.包含在内的，包罗广泛的e.g.账单中包含服务费。The bill includes service.他们有很多宠物，狗就有三只。They have many pets, including three dogs.7. emission n.散发；发射emit v.发出，放射；吐露e.g.干酪散发出强烈的气味。The c

17、heese was emitting a strong smell.8. local a.地方性的；当地的，局部的locally ad.在本地，在当地e.g.当地大多数的居民靠打渔为生。Most of the local population depend on fishing for their income.IV.1. A;2. D;3. B;4. C;5. D;6. A;7. C;8. A.V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sens

18、e it is used.1. Global warming results primarily from human activities that release heat-trapping gases and particles into the air.Synonym: mainly, basically, firstly2. Fortunately, we can take actions to slow down global warming.Antonym: unfortunately, unluckily3. The most important causes include

19、the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil, and deforestation.Antonym: exclude4. Twenty-five years ago if you made a trip to the library and perused the periodical section for articles on global warming, youd probably have come up with only a few abstracts from hardcore science journals

20、or maybe a blurb in some esoteric geopolitical magazine.Synonym: part, division5. Thats an increase of roughly 1C every 4,000 years.Antonym: decrease, lowering6. Much of the available climate data appear to back these fears.Antonym: unavailable7. All across the globe, hotter summers could lead to mo

21、re cases of heat stroke and deaths among those who are vulnerable, such as older people with heart problems.Synonym: weak, insecure, unsafe8. things like clean cars that run on alternative fuels, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable fo

22、rests.Antonym: irresponsibleVI.PrefixWrite in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. centigradecentimeter2. kilogramkilometer3. synopsissynthetic4. supervisesuperior5. submarinesubmerge6. astronautastronomy7. microbiologymicrowave8. overworkoverload1. Explan

23、ation:centi-: one hundredthe.g. centigram, centiliter, centimeter2. Explanation:kilo-: one thousande.g. kilowatt, kilobyte, kilohertz3. Explanation:syn-:synonymouse.g. synonym, synonymy, synchronous4. Explanation:super-: extremely, more or better than normale.g. superhuman, supercomputer, supercondu

24、ctor, superego5. Explanation:sub-: below; less than; undere.g. sub-zero, subway, subset6. Explanation:astro-: connected with the stars or outer spacee.g. astrophysics, astrology, astronomer7. Explanation:micro-: small; on a small scalee.g. microchip, micro-organism, microbe, microcosm8. Explanation:

25、over-: more than usual; too muche.g. overconfident, overanxious, over-optimisticIIGrammar Exercises1.The present perfect tense vs. the simple past tenseThe simple past refers to the definite past. The present perfect refers to “the past with present relevance.” The action or state denoted by the pre

26、sent perfect tense, though referring to some indefinite happening in the past, hassome connection with the present. Hence, if an action or state happened in the past and hasno connection with the present, it will have to be expressed by the simple past.Compare: His father has been a teacher all his

27、life. (His father is still alive.)His father was a teacher all his life. (His father is now dead.)I. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb forms.1.began / / have had2.A: Have / talkedB: Have talked / talked3.He _has invented_ (invent) hundreds of things. He is one of the most p

28、roductive inventors of our generation.4.have / telephoned / went5.have been6.has got (gotten)7.has been8.have forgotten9.A: Is your father at home?B: No, Im afraid he _has gone_ (go) out.A: When exactly _did he go_ (he, go) out?B: About ten minutes ago.10. was / has disappeared.II.III.1. a. simple p

29、resent form; b. “has obtained”.2. synonymous a. the speakers point of view; b. the listeners perspective.3. a. definite; b. indefinite4. a. still suffering; b. past5. a. on the way or in Italy; b. left Italy.6. a. in the morning; b. after the morning7. a. today is not finished and he may drink more;

30、 b. simply happened today.8. a. passed away; b. still living.IV.1. have had - have2. have been be3. laying lying4. bore bear5. Rang - Rung6. rised risen7. had has2. Connectives (because, as, since, seeing that, for, because of)Because is generally used when the reason is the most important part of the sentence.As and since are used when the reason is already