高中英语三大从句.docx
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高中英语三大从句
高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。
分别是:
1、定语从句(形容词从句)
2、名词词从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)
3、状语从句(副词性从句,包括时间,地点,结果,目的,原因等)
一、定语从句:
定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
(1),who,whom,that
这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。
(2),Which用来指人或物
(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略)
(3),whose
“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)
2、关系代词引导的定语从句
(1),关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主要是thereason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。
(2),关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。
(3),关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。
3、非限制性定语从句
它起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。
二、名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
1、连词(5个):
that(宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)
whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
2、连接代词(9个):
what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever
3、连接副词(7个):
when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however
三、状语从句
状语从句(AdverbialClause)状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。
它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。
从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
状语从句细分的话,共包括九种:
1.时间状语从句
2.地点状语从句
3.原因状语从句
4.条件状语从句
5.目的状语从句
6.让步状语从句
7.比较状语从句
8.方式状语从句
91.Marylivesintheroom,thedoor_____openseast.
A.ofitB.ofwhichC.ofthatD.whose
2.Theengineer_____myfatheristalkinghasjustcomefromabroad.
A.withwhomB.withwhoC.withwhichD.that
3.Helivesinahotel,_____isonlyfiveminutes’walkfromhere.
A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.where
4.Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou?
.A.whichB.whoC.asD.that
5.Thespeakerwilltellusaboutsomewritersandtheirworks_____areknowntous.
A.whichB.thatC.asD.who
6.Thisisthereason_____theyareallagainsttheplan.
A.whichB.thatC.whyD.what
7.Itwasnotuntillateintheevening_____thetravelerfoundahotel.
A.whichB.thatC.asD.where
8.Ididn’tliketheway_____shespoketome.
A.whichB.thatC.howD.as
9.Thisis_____Icandoforyourightnow.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as
10.Itwasatourcollegelibrary_____Iborrowedthenovel.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.where
11.Ihaveseentrees,_____openatsunriseandcloseatsunset.
A.whichtheleavesB.ofwhichleavesC.whoseleavesD.itsleaves
12.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.
A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which
13.Theforeignguests,_____werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofwhomB.mostofthemC.mostofwhichD.mostofthose
14.OnthetrainIsawastudent_____Ithoughtwasyoursister.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that
15.Istheriver_____throughthetownverylong?
A.flowsB.thatflowsC.whichflowD.theoneflows
16.Isthiscollege_____theywenttolastyear?
A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat
17.Isthistheuniversity_____youvisitedlasttime?
A.thatoneB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat
18.I’dliketotellyou_____Isawintheexhibition.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD./
19.Ihopethatthelittle_____Ihavebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.forwhich
20.Who_______hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?
A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whom
21Thebikeanditsrider_____hadknockeddowntheboyweretakentothepolice.
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom
22.Puttheletter______hecanfinditeasily.
A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whereD.which
23.Thisistheveryletter_____Iamlookingfor.
A.whichB.thatC.asD.what
24.Tomdidn’tattendthemeeting,________weexpected.
A.whereB.thatC.asD.what
25.Iwillgiveyousuchinformation_______willhelpyou.
A.whichB.thatC.asD.what
26.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity____Iknow.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
27.Thelady____isawomanscientist.
A.whomyouspokeB.withwhichyouspokeC.whomyousaidtoD.youspoketo
28.Thisisthethirdweek_____thedustmenhaven’tcomefortherubbish.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.onwhich
29.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents_________thetruth.
A.whoknowB.whoknowsC.thatknowD.whoareknowing
30.Didtheyfindtheywentback________?
A.wherehadtheybeenB.whereweretheyC.wheretheyhadbeenD.wheretheywere
31.Togetthejobstarted,______Ineedisyourpermission.
A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat
32.Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,but_____wasinteresting.
A.mostofthemB.noneofthemC.noneofwhichD.neitherofwhich
33.“Thirty-nineSteps”isoneofthemostexcitingfilms____directedbyAlfredHotchcock.
A.whichwasB.thatwasC.thatwereD.whichwere
34.Alloftheplantsnowraisedonfarmshavebeendevelopedfromtheplants_____wild.
A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew
35.Those_____werenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothes.
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose
36.Thechildrenthemselveswerecalmenough;_____theparentsthatgotintoa
panic.A.inspiteofB.thosewereC.itwasD.however
37.Itismanyyears_____wemetlastinLondon.
A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.which
38.She’llbeonthesametrain_____Iamontoday.
A.asB.likeC.withD.that
39.WhenpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofUS,thefirst_____comesintomindisNewYork.
A.cityB.ofthemC.oneD.that
40.Isthereanyoneinyourclass_____familyisinthecity?
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.who
41.Hehasn’tgotenoughmoneywith_____hecanbuythecomputer.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.whom
42.Winteristhetimeofyear_____thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whose
43.Football,_____isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.who
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高中英语定语从句汇总讲解
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发表日期:
2009年1月9日作者:
ZolaStone【编辑录入:
admin】
◆英语谚语欣赏
1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.
不懂装懂,一事无成.
2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下
3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼.
Ⅰ.概念:
(1)定语从句:
在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2)先行词:
被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:
1)引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;
2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)
常用的关系代词:
that、which、who、whom、whose、as、but(文语,置于否定词之后=that/who…not…,"没有……不……",在从句中作主语,宾语)
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):
when、why、where
ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.
Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.
Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.
I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);
第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法:
●that:
可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:
1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)
2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?
3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)
4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?
5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.
6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)
7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.
=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.
=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。
=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.
●which:
指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
如:
1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)
2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)
3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.
4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)
5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语)
6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.
●who,whom,whose:
who:
主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人
whom:
宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人
whose:
属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)
Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)
Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(宾语)
He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.
=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.
比较:
Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyourpraise.
Heisthestudentwhoyouthinkisworthpraising.
Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)
I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.(指物)
=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.
=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.
ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome
关系代词作介词宾语:
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.)
Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.
=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.
DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?
=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?
Thebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinformationage.
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?
Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastw