医学英语常用词缀.docx
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医学英语常用词缀
这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语,希望大家也能用得上:
差别gapsbetween,differentiatebetween,discrepancies,nointergroupdifference
NostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinsurvivalwerefoundforMMCorMPMA.
AlthoughMMCandMPMAdecreasedwithincreasingnucleargradeandTNMstage,thisdifferencefailedtoachievestatisticalsignificance.
存在,出现occurred,occurrence,existed,existence,presence,present
多数,少数theoverwhelmingmajorityof,inthemajorityofcases,amarkedmajority,handful
方法approaches,avenues,methods,techniques,means,tools
发生率Incidence,frequency,prevalence
Incontrastwithregionsofhighincidence,themutationspectrumdidnotshowahighprevalenceofmutationsatA:
Tbasepairs.
发现,阐明,报道,证实verify,confirm,elucidate,identify,define,characterize,clarify,establish,ascertain,explain,observe,illuminate,illustrate,demonstrate,show,indicate,exhibit,presented,reveal,display,manifest,suggest,propose,estimate,prove,imply,disclose,report,describe,facilitatetheidentificationof,screening,isolation
改变change,alteration,
高,增加high,enhanced,elevated,increased,forced
各种,多种inmultipletypesofneoplasia,invarioustypesofapoptosis,inavarietyoftumors
关系,相关,参与closelyinvolvedin,associated,
广泛的inanextensivesurvey
进行conducte,perform,carryout,
降,少,缺decrease,reduction,reduced,diminish,loss,suppression,deficient,low,weak,faint,light,absence,absent,undetectable,lack,defective,negative,poor,impaired,greatlyreducedorcompletelyabsent,frequentlylostordown-expressed,presenteddiscontinuousandweakerexpression,completelynegative,wasnotdetectableordramaticallyreduced,veryfaint,wasundetectableorbarelydetectable,noexpressionwasfound,
角色,起作用role,part(limited,potential,early,possiblerole),serveantiapoptoticfunctions
可能性feasibility
密切地intimately
难理解的,似谜的enigmatic(xremainsenigmatic)
潜在假定的potential,candidate,putative,
缩写abbreviations
识别,辨别discernment
事件
Metastasistotheliverisacommoneventinclinicaloncology.
aputativetumorinitiatingevent
a(more,extremely,highly,rather,fairly)commoninitial,
acommoneventinthesignaltransductionmechanismsof,inthesignaltransductionprocesses
acommoneventassociatedwiththemechanismsof
acommonearlyeventinresponsesof,afterhigh-dosechemotherapy
acommoneventfollowinggestationalexposuretoimmunotoxicants
acommonevent(thatoccurs)duringapoptosisis……
acommoneventduringoncogenictransformation,inneoplastictransformationthatdirectlyorindirectlyinvolvesactivationofspecifictyrosinekinasesignalingpathways
acommoneventthroughwhich
acommoneventinvivo
arathercommoneventofunknownbiologicalsignificance
acommoneventresultingfromheterogeneousaberrations
acommoneventregardlessofhistologicalsubtyping,butdoesnotbearanypejorativesignificance
acommoneventcontributingto
arare,common,prerequisite,central,major,transient,initiation,stressful,critical,crucial,secondary,independent,regulatory,early,earlier,late,later,subsequent,circumstantial,untoward,upstream,irreversible,veryfrequentevent
提供,帮助provide,supply,help(to),contributeto,offer,allow,dedicate,devote,assistin
调节(失调,上调,下调)dis-regulation,dys-regulation,up-regulation,up-expression,over-expression,down-expression,down-regulation,
推测presume,speculate,confer,conjecture,guess,deduce,deduction(推论)
无所不在地(表达,如MEN1)ubiquitously
显著,优先的prominent,pronounced,obvious,marked,predominant,strong,striking,notable,Conspicuously,remarkably,significant,preferential,prevalence,prevalent,
相关性
related,morerelevantwith,therelevanceof
nointergroupdifference,irrespectiveof
Therewasnosignificantcorrelationtogender,age,clinicalsymptoms,histology,TorNstatus,TNMstage,ortumorlocation.
NeithereNOSnornNOSexpressionwasassociatedwithvasculardensity,tumorgradeortheTNMstatusofthetumors.
NocorrelationswerefoundbetweenbFGFandage,menopausalstatus,TNMorpTNM,histology,SBRgradingorsteroidreceptors.
wedidnotfindanycorrelationbetweenbaxexpressionandanyclinicopathologicparameters(sex,age,TNMstatus,tumorgrade,histologicaltype).
相同,同等并列
ThecoordinatedinductionofallthreeFOXO3atargetspromptedustoexaminethestatusofFOXO3aitself
withasimilarpatternto
协同,加强
synergizewith
研究analysis,survey,study,research,investigation,experiments,trial,observations,assessment,inquiry,examinations,pursueinvestigationinto,analyze,detect,determinate,befocusedon,measure,examine,test,assess,evaluate,explore,
一致
whichisinaccordwiththeresults
whichcorroboratedtheresults
whichsupportedtheresults
优缺点meritsanddrawbacks,beneficialanddetrimental
异常aberration,abnormality
重要crucial,key,important,major,beofcriticalimportance
相反
Onthecontrary,
Incontrary,
butquiteonthecontrary
insharpcontrast,
contrarytowhatwouldbeexpected
Contrarytotheexpectationthat
Contrarytopreviousbeliefs,
Contrarytothehypothesis,
Contrarytocurrentpopulartruisms
Contrarytocurrentcognitivetheories,
However,contrarytoexpectation,…….
Contrarytopredictions,…
incontrasttopreviousobservations…
Contrarytoprediction,……
Contrarytomostpreviousclaims,
与一起incombinationwith,coupledwith
由于、鉴于
Inlightof
Inviewthat
医学英语常用词缀
常用的前缀
第一节表示无,抗,非的前缀
一.a-,an-无,非。
无可以进一步理解为离开,除去,脱去等
1.无
abacteria无菌的,atony无力,anemia贫血(无血之意)。
Abiosis无生命,abraehia无臂畸形,adaerya无泪,asaetylia无指(趾)畸形,asendrie无树突的,adermotrophia皮肤萎缩(即无皮肤营养之意),adiaphoresis无汗症。
2.否定
asymmetercal不对称的,asynergy不协调,astnthests不连接,aststole心搏停止(心脏不收缩)。
Atactic共济失调的(不协调),astnchronous不同步的,askyllabia拼音不能。
3.离开
aspiration吸引(即吸除之意),aberrent迷走的(即离开正常途径的)。
4.An-在元音前用an-
Anaerove厌氧菌,anesthesia无感觉,麻醉,analgesia无痛法,痛觉消失,anamniotic无羊膜的,anangioplasia血管发育不全,anapepsia胃蛋白酶缺乏,anaplasia发育不全,anascitia无腹水的,anastigmatic无散光的,anacholia胆汁缺乏。
二,ab-去,离开,除
abnormal不正常的(即背离正常的),abapical离尖的,离心尖的(尖以外的,心尖外的)。
Abarticular关节外的,abaxial轴外的,离轴的,abduct外展神经,ablactation断奶(离开奶)。
Abneural神经外的。
三.Ant-,anti-,对抗,取消,抑制,解除
antagonistic对抗的,antioxin搞毒素,antibody抗体,antigen抗原,antacid制酸剂,antipyretie解热剂,antibiotic抗菌素,antispasmin解痉剂,→antiamylase抗淀粉酶,antieoagulant抗凝的。
四.De-向下,减少,降低,除去,否定,离开,解除,脱去等
deacidification去酸作用,deactivation灭活性,deacylase脱酰基酶,dealclholizafion脱醇作用,deallergize脱过敏,deamination脱氨作用,deaquation脱水作用,deviate背离,decrease减少,descend下降,decimpose分解,decomprese减压,deficiencky不中,不全,缺乏,deceleration减速度,deformity畸形,变形(非正常形态之意)。
Degeneration退行性变,变性(即背离正常性质)。
Decentration偏心(即离开中心),decerebrate去大deckortication去皮质,去皮层,defibrillate除库,deficit短缺,deflection偏向,detail详细(de也有表示完全之意)。
五.Dis-否定,分开,相反等
disability丧失劳动力,disacidity去酸,disaggregation感觉综合不能,disassimilation异化作用,dislication脱位,disassociation分离,discharge放电,discission切开,discomfort不舒适disconnect分离,不连接,descrimination辨别(含分开之意)。
Disequilibrium不平衡。
六.Il-,im-,in-,ir-非,无,不
1.In-非,无,不
Inactite无活性的,inablity无能力,inaccurate不精确的,insolrble不溶解的,inadequate不适当的,inadaptable不适应的,inacidity无酸,inaction无作用,inanimate无生命的,incapacity机能不全,incoagulable不能凝固的,inalimental无营养的。
2.Im-为in-的变形,在b,p,m,之前用im-
Impossible不可能的,imperforation无孔,impermeability非渗透性,imbalance不平衡,immature不成熟的,immiscible不可混合的,immobility不活动,impalpavle不可触知的,impotency阳萎(阴茎不能勃起),inpkutre不纯的。
3.Il-为in-之变形,用于1之前
Ill-health健康不佳,ill-effect不良作用,ill-humor心境不佳,ill-nourished营养不良的。
4.Ir-为in-之变形,用于1之前
Irregular不规则的,irreversible不可逆的,irreducible不可还原的,irrespirable不能呼吸的,irresuscitable不可复苏的,irrhythmia心律失常,心律不齐,
七.Non-非,无,不
non-absorbent非吸收性的,nonacid非酸性的,nonallerglic非变态反应性的,nondevelopment不发育,nonconductor非导体,nonimmune非免疫性的,noncongestive非充血性的,nonmotile无运动的,noninfective非传杂性的,非感染性的,nonhemolytic非溶血性的,nonmetal非金属的,nonsutgical非手术的,非外科和,nonspecific非特异性的,nonviable不能生活的。
八.Un-不,非,无
unavoidable不可避免的,unbalance不平衡,unknown未知的,unconsciousness无意识,uncomfortable不舒适的,uncompleted不完全的,uncompemented未给补体的,undifferentiation未分化。
第二节能表示数量的前缀
一,基数词
1,uni-单一
Unilateral单侧的,unipolar单极的,uniaural单耳的,unobsal单底的,unicentral单中心的,unicelluar单细胞的,unidirectional单向的,unifocal单灶的,uniocular单眼的,unipara初产妇,unit单位。
2,bi-、di-、diplo-、amb-、amphi-、ampho、二、双
(1)bi
biacuminate有二尖端的,biangulate有两角的,bicarbonate重碳酸盐,biauricular双耳的,biaxial双轴的,bicavity双腔的,biceps二头肌,biconvex双凸的,bivalent双价的,bivalve双瓣的。
(2)di-
diacetate双醋酸盐,diacetyldiphenolisatin双醋酚酊,diacid二酸,diamide二酰胺,dihybrid双因子杂种,dihyudrochlorothiazide双氢克尿塞,diphosphate双磷酸盐,diad二分体,disome双染色体,disomi双躯干畸胎。
(3)diplo-
diplobacillus双杆菌,dipliblastic二胚层的,diplicocus双球菌,diploid二倍体,diploneural双重神经支配的,diplopia复视,diplostreptococcus双链球菌。
(4)ambi-,amb-,ambo-二,两侧,复
ambilateral两侧的,ambiopia复视,ambivalent矛盾情绪的(两方面情绪的),ambiocularity能同等使用两眼,ambosexual两性的。
(5)amphi-二,两侧,两端
amphibia两栖类,amphichroic两性反应的,amphigenesis两面三刀性生殖,amphinucleolus双核仁,amphipeptine两性胨。
(6)ampho-意同甘共苦amphi
amphochromophil双染性的,amphotericin两性霉素,amphiteric两性的。
3,tri-三
triangle三角,triad三联征,triacetate三乙酸盐,triacid三价酸,triage伤员拣别分类(国外急诊室将伤员进行分类,大批伤员选出,有可能抢救存活的病人,先进行抢救,分出轻重缓急,以便抢救存活更多的病人,此处无三的含义,trialism三元论,triamine三胺,teiatomic三原子的,tribasic三价碱的,tribromide三溴化物。
4,quadra-,quadri-,tetra-,tetro-四
(1)quadra-,quadri-
quadrant四分体,象限,quadrate四方的,quadratus方肌,quadriceps四头肌,quadricuspid四尖的,quadrigeminum四叠体,quadriplegia四肢瘫。
(2)tetra-,tetro-
tetracycline四环素,tetrachloride四氯化物,tetrachlormethane四氯甲烷,trtralogy四联症,trtrapeptide四肽,tetraophthalmus四眼畸形。
5,penta-.,pento-五
Pentacyclic五环的,pentadactyl五指(趾)的,pentacglucose戊糖,pentanucleotide五核苷酸,pentazole五唑,pentobarbital戊巴比妥。
6,hex-,hexa-六
Hexachlorophene六氯酚,hexad六价元素,hexagonal六角形,hexahydric六氢的,hexane已烷,hexistrol已雌酚(已即六)
7,hept-,hepta-,sept-,七
Heptaldehyde庚醛(庚即七),heptatomic七价的,hiptaralent-七价的,heptose庚糖,septavalent七