消化科考试题附答案.docx
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消化科考试题附答案
分词作状语
分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、等。
结果、条件、伴随状况.
1.分词作状语形式的选择
形式意义
v.ing(doing)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词同时发生,或基本上同时发生。
Having+v.-ed与句中主语构成逻辑(havingdone)上的主谓关系,先于谓语动词发生。
v.-ed(done)
与句中主语构成逻辑关系动宾上的.
being+v.-ed(being与句中主语构成逻done)辑上的动宾关系,且与谓语动词同时发生,一般作原因状语置于句首。
havingbeen+v-ed与句中主语构成逻(havingbeendone)辑上的动宾关系,且谓语动词发生。
先于
2.分词作状语的基本原则
1)分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
2)分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系,否则不能使用分词作状语。
1)Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.
2)Givenmuchmoretime,hewoulddoit
better.
Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbeganto
entertheclassroom.(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)
Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournew
library.(beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中。
)
Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成
了工作,他就回家了。
.
分词作状语
1.作时间状语1)Havingfinishedhishomework,
hewenttoplayfootball.
2)Hearingthenews,theygot
excited.
2.作原因状语1)Notknowinghisaddress,she
wenttoapolicemanforhelp.
2)Beingill,hewaslateforschool.
1)Hestoodagainstthedoor,
3.作伴随状语readinganewspaper.(表伴随情况)
2)Istayedupverylate,preparing
myspeech.(说明细节情况)
4.作条件状语1)Givenachance,Icansurprise
theworld.
2)Seenfromthetopofthehill,
ourschoollooksverybeautiful.
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,he
5.作让步状语stillrepeatedthesamemistake.
6.作结果状语1)Shewascaughtinaheavyrain,
fallingill.
2)Thecupdroppedtotheground,
breakingintopieces.
注:
现在分词作结果状语,表示由谓语动词部分所造成的结果。
.
1)表时间状语
Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanold
friendofmine.
(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icame
acrossanoldfriendofmine.)
Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyof
ChinaDaily.
2)表原因状语
Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.
既然你是一个学生,你就应该努力学习。
Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.
(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudy
hard.)
由于想到它或许在家,所以我就给他打了电话。
Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.
(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)
3)表方式、伴随情况的状语:
作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。
Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.
.)
(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.
他们笑着谈着走进了教室。
Laughingandtalking__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.
他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。
Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(=Hestood
andleanedagainstthewall.)
4)表结果
Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwith
heryoungerbrother.
(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwith
heryoungerbrother.)
全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受欢
迎的歌曲。
Thesongissungalloverthe
makingitthemostpopularsongcountry,________________________________.
5)表条件
Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.
(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)
一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色的房子。
Walkingahead______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.
6)表让步
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,
hestillrepeatedthesame
mistake.
1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlooking
aroundinacuriousway.
(伴随动作)
2)Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTV
set.(原因)
Usingyourhead,you'llfindagood
way.
条件.
3)Workinghard,you'llsurelysucceed.
条件
4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.伴随
5)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethe
news.方式
6)(When)Hearingthenews,hegot
frightened.
=Whenheheardthenews,hegot
frightened.
(when)可以在分词前保留时间,
7)Thechildslippedandfell,hitting
hisheadagainstthedoor.结果
Practise:
(1)Theysetout____forthe____boy.B
A.searching;losingB.searching;lost
B.C.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing
C.
(2)Thestudentsatthere,____whattodo.D
D.doesn'tknowingB.didn'tknowing
E.C.notknowD.notknowing
现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的
not(never)
加前面.
(3)Hesatthere_____,withhisheadonhishand.B
A.andthinkB.thinking
C.thoughtD.beingthought
B.
高考链接1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothe
Bnight,_____alongspeechforthe
president.
ToprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.wasA.preparing现在分词作伴随状语2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,
B.A______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.
现在分词表结果状语MakingB.makesC.madeD.tomake
C.
A3.“Can'tyouread?
”Marysaid_______tothe
notice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrilypointD.andangrilypointing
现在分词作伴随状语
4.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.C
NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingA.receivedD.Havingnotreceived
作原因状语
AB.5.______histelephonenumber,shehadsome
difficultygettingintouchwithBill.
C.NotknowingB.knowingnot
D.C.NothavingknownD.Havingnotknown
现在分词作原因状语,分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。
.
单句改错1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican'ttell
youwhatIthinkofit.Nothaving
2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotan
extrapay.working
3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefind
thecitymorebeautiful.Seeing
4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsare
helpfulcommunications,too.speaking