医学英语常用词缀.docx

1、医学英语常用词缀这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语，希望大家也能用得上：差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup differenceNo statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA.Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference fail

2、ed to achieve statistical significance.存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalenceIn contrast with re

3、gions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented,

4、 reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation改变change, alteration, 高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety o

5、f tumors关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,广泛的in an extensive survey进行conducte， perform, carry out, 降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or comp

6、letely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found, 角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），se

7、rve antiapoptotic functions可能性feasibility密切地intimately难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,缩写abbreviations识别，辨别discernment 事件Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.a putative tumor initiating eventa (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairl

8、y) common initial, a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processesa common event associated with the mechanisms ofa common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapya common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicantsa common e

9、vent （that occurs） during apoptosis isa common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathwaysa common event through whicha common event in vivoa rather common event of unknown biologic

10、al significancea common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrationsa common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significancea common event contributing toa rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, sec

11、ondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expres

12、sion, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation, 推测 presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevale

13、nce, prevalent,相关性related, more relevant with ，the relevance ofno intergroup difference，irrespective ofThere was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density,

14、 tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, hi

15、stological type).相同，同等并列The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itselfwith a similar pattern to协同，加强synergize with研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue

16、investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,一致which is in accord with the resultswhich corroborated the resultswhich supported the results优缺点merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常aberration, abnormality重要crucial, key,

17、important, major, be of critical importance 相反On the contrary, In contrary,but quite on the contraryin sharp contrast,contrary to what would be expectedContrary to the expectation thatContrary to previous beliefs,Contrary to the hypothesis,Contrary to current popular truismsContrary to current cogni

18、tive theories,However, contrary to expectation,.Contrary to predictions,in contrast to previous observationsContrary to prediction,Contrary to most previous claims,与一起in combination with, coupled with由于、鉴于In light ofIn view that医学英语常用词缀常用的前缀第一节 表示无，抗，非的前缀一a-,an-无，非。无可以进一步理解为离开，除去，脱去等1 无abacteria 无菌的

19、，atony 无力，anemia 贫血（无血之意）。Abiosis 无生命，abraehia 无臂畸形，adaerya 无泪，asaetylia 无指（趾）畸形，asendrie无树突的，adermotrophia 皮肤萎缩（即无皮肤营养之意），adiaphoresis 无汗症。2 否定asymmetercal 不对称的，asynergy 不协调，astnthests 不连接，aststole 心搏停止（心脏不收缩）。Atactic 共济失调的（不协调），astnchronous 不同步的，askyllabia 拼音不能。3 离开aspiration 吸引（即吸除之意），aberrent 迷走

20、的（即离开正常途径的）。4 An-在元音前用an-Anaerove 厌氧菌，anesthesia 无感觉，麻醉，analgesia 无痛法，痛觉消失，anamniotic 无羊膜的，anangioplasia 血管发育不全，anapepsia 胃蛋白酶缺乏，anaplasia 发育不全，anascitia 无腹水的，anastigmatic 无散光的，anacholia 胆汁缺乏。二，ab-去，离开，除abnormal 不正常的（即背离正常的），abapical 离尖的，离心尖的（尖以外的，心尖外的）。Abarticular 关节外的，abaxial 轴外的，离轴的，abduct 外展神经，a

21、blactation 断奶（离开奶）。Abneural 神经外的。三Ant-,anti-,对抗，取消，抑制，解除antagonistic 对抗的，antioxin 搞毒素，antibody 抗体，antigen 抗原，antacid 制酸剂，antipyretie 解热剂，antibiotic 抗菌素，antispasmin 解痉剂，antiamylase 抗淀粉酶，antieoagulant 抗凝的。四De-向下，减少，降低，除去，否定，离开，解除，脱去等deacidification 去酸作用，deactivation 灭活性，deacylase 脱酰基酶，dealclholizafion

22、 脱醇作用，deallergize 脱过敏，deamination 脱氨作用，deaquation 脱水作用，deviate 背离，decrease 减少，descend 下降，decimpose 分解，decomprese 减压， deficiencky 不中，不全，缺乏，deceleration 减速度，deformity 畸形，变形（非正常形态之意）。Degeneration 退行性变，变性（即背离正常性质）。Decentration 偏心（即离开中心），decerebrate 去大deckortication 去皮质，去皮层，defibrillate 除库，deficit 短缺，def

23、lection 偏向，detail 详细（de也有表示完全之意）。五Dis-否定，分开，相反等disability 丧失劳动力，disacidity 去酸，disaggregation 感觉综合不能，disassimilation 异化作用，dislication 脱位，disassociation 分离，discharge 放电，discission 切开，discomfort 不舒适disconnect 分离，不连接，descrimination 辨别（含分开之意）。Disequilibrium 不平衡。六Il-,im-,in-,ir-非，无，不1 In-非，无，不Inactite 无活性

24、的，inablity 无能力，inaccurate 不精确的，insolrble 不溶解的，inadequate 不适当的，inadaptable 不适应的，inacidity 无酸，inaction 无作用，inanimate无生命的，incapacity 机能不全，incoagulable 不能凝固的，inalimental 无营养的。2 Im-为in-的变形，在b,p,m,之前用im-Impossible 不可能的，imperforation 无孔，impermeability 非渗透性，imbalance 不平衡，immature 不成熟的，immiscible 不可混合的，immob

25、ility 不活动，impalpavle 不可触知的，impotency 阳萎（阴茎不能勃起），inpkutre 不纯的。3 Il-为in-之变形，用于1之前Ill-health 健康不佳，ill-effect 不良作用，ill-humor 心境不佳，ill-nourished 营养不良的。4 Ir-为in-之变形，用于1之前 Irregular不规则的，irreversible 不可逆的，irreducible 不可还原的，irrespirable 不能呼吸的，irresuscitable 不可复苏的，irrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐，七Non-非，无，不non-absorbent

26、非吸收性的，nonacid 非酸性的，nonallerglic 非变态反应性的，nondevelopment不发育，nonconductor 非导体，nonimmune 非免疫性的，noncongestive 非充血性的，nonmotile 无运动的，noninfective 非传杂性的，非感染性的，nonhemolytic 非溶血性的，nonmetal 非金属的，nonsutgical 非手术的，非外科和，nonspecific 非特异性的，nonviable 不能生活的。八Un-不，非，无unavoidable 不可避免的，unbalance 不平衡，unknown 未知的，unconsc

27、iousness 无意识，uncomfortable 不舒适的，uncompleted 不完全的，uncompemented 未给补体的，undifferentiation 未分化。第二节能表示数量的前缀一， 基数词1，uni- 单一 Unilateral 单侧的，unipolar 单极的，uniaural 单耳的，unobsal 单底的，unicentral 单中心的，unicelluar 单细胞的，unidirectional 单向的，unifocal 单灶的，uniocular 单眼的，unipara 初产妇， unit 单位。2， bi-、di-、diplo-、amb-、amphi-、

28、ampho、二、双（1）bibiacuminate有二尖端的，biangulate 有两角的，bicarbonate 重碳酸盐，biauricular 双耳的，biaxial双轴的，bicavity 双腔的，biceps 二头肌，biconvex 双凸的，bivalent 双价的，bivalve 双瓣的。（2）di-diacetate 双醋酸盐，diacetyldiphenolisatin 双醋酚酊，diacid 二酸，diamide 二酰胺，dihybrid 双因子杂种，dihyudrochlorothiazide 双氢克尿塞，diphosphate 双磷酸盐，diad 二分体, disom

29、e 双染色体，disomi 双躯干畸胎。（3）diplo-diplobacillus 双杆菌，dipliblastic 二胚层的，diplicocus 双球菌，diploid 二倍体，diploneural 双重神经支配的，diplopia 复视，diplostreptococcus 双链球菌。（4）ambi-,amb-,ambo-二，两侧，复ambilateral 两侧的，ambiopia 复视，ambivalent 矛盾情绪的（两方面情绪的），ambiocularity 能同等使用两眼，ambosexual 两性的。（5）amphi- 二，两侧，两端amphibia 两栖类，amphich

30、roic 两性反应的，amphigenesis 两面三刀性生殖，amphinucleolus 双核仁，amphipeptine 两性胨。（6）ampho- 意同甘共苦amphiamphochromophil 双染性的，amphotericin 两性霉素，amphiteric 两性的。3，tri- 三triangle 三角，triad 三联征，triacetate 三乙酸盐，triacid 三价酸，triage 伤员拣别分类（国外急诊室将伤员进行分类，大批伤员选出，有可能抢救存活的病人，先进行抢救，分出轻重缓急，以便抢救存活更多的病人，此处无三的含义，trialism 三元论，triamine

31、三胺，teiatomic 三原子的，tribasic 三价碱的，tribromide 三溴化物。4，quadra-,quadri-,tetra-,tetro- 四（1）quadra-,quadri-quadrant 四分体，象限，quadrate 四方的，quadratus 方肌，quadriceps 四头肌，quadricuspid 四尖的，quadrigeminum 四叠体，quadriplegia 四肢瘫。（2）tetra-,tetro-tetracycline 四环素，tetrachloride 四氯化物，tetrachlormethane 四氯甲烷，trtralogy 四联症，trt

32、rapeptide 四肽，tetraophthalmus 四眼畸形。5，penta-.,pento- 五Pentacyclic 五环的， pentadactyl 五指（趾）的，pentacglucose 戊糖，pentanucleotide 五核苷酸，pentazole 五唑，pentobarbital 戊巴比妥。6，hex-,hexa-六Hexachlorophene 六氯酚，hexad 六价元素，hexagonal 六角形，hexahydric 六氢的，hexane 已烷，hexistrol 已雌酚（已即六）7，hept-,hepta-,sept-,七Heptaldehyde 庚醛（庚即七），heptatomic 七价的，hiptaralent- 七价的，heptose 庚糖，septavalent 七