工程应用英语.docx
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工程应用英语
工程应用英语课程
一.单选题:
1.Computersare(B.useless)unlesstheyaregivenclearandaccurateinstructionsandinformation.
2.Active(B.Recruiting)forengineersoftenbeginsbeforethestudent’slastyearintheuniversity.
3.Forthestudentwhoispreparingtobecomea(C.Civilengineer),thesespecializedcoursesmaydealwithsuchsubjectsasgeodeticsurveying,soilmechanics.
4.Thecivilengineermayworkinresearch,design,construction,(B.Supervision),maintenance,oreveninsales.
5.Civilengineersworkonmanydifferentkindsof(C.Structures).
6.Indesigningbuildings,civilengineersoftenworkas(B.Consultants)toarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.
7.Dams,bridgesandotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerswhoseworkiscoordinatedbya(D.Systems)engineerwhoisinchargeoftheentireproject.
8.Constructionisa(B.Complicated)processonalmostallengineeringprojects.
9.Incompression,thematerialis(C.Pushed)together.
10.Whenasawcutseasilythroughapieceofwood,thewoodis(A.intension).
11.Wedefined(D.Shear)asthetendencyofamaterialtofracturealongthelinesofstress.
12.Theprincipalconstructionmaterialsofearliertimeswerewoodand(C.masonrybrick),stone,ortile,andsimilarmaterials.
13.Moderncementisamixtureof(B.limestoneandclay).
14.Concreteisvery(D.Versatile)
15.Steelhasgreattensilestrengthwhileconcretehasgreatcompressivestrength,thus,thetwosubstances(C.Complement)eachother.
16.Onesystemthathelps(A.Cut)concreteweighttosomeextentusespolymers.
17.Theretentionmoneyservestoinsure(D.theemployer)againstanydefectsthatmayariseinthework.
18.Thecivilengineeringworkmustbecompletedtothesatisfactionoftheemployer,orhis
(D.Representative)
19.Formoderateandlongerhauls,self-loadingscraperspulledbyrubber-tiredhaulingunitsandpush-loadedbytractorsoffer(B.Lower)cost.
20.Highwaymaintenanceactivitiescanbegroupedandclassifiedaccording(D.to)thepurposeofthetreatment.
21.Engineeringisaprofession,whichmeansthatanengineermusthaveaspecialized(D.university)education.
22.Inmostcases,thetendermaybe(B.Withdrawn)atanytimeuntilithasbeenaccepted.
23.Currenttrendistorequirestudentstotakecoursesinthe(C.social)scienceandthelanguagearts.
24.Thelawrelatingtocontractsimposesoneachpartytoacontract(D.alegalobligation)toperform.
25.Indeed,thecivilengineer’schoiceis(C.large)andvaried.
26.Roadbeds(B.underlie)highwaypavementstructuresandtheballastandtrackonwhichtrainsmove.
27.Constructioncanbevery(A.dangerous).
28.Wherematerialismovedlessthanabout60morsteeplydownhill,driftingwithatrackorwheeltypebulldozeris(A.cheapest)
29.Thrustisthepressureexertedbyeachpartofastructureon(A.itsotherpart)
30.Theweightofallthepeople,cars,furniture,andmachinesandsoonthatthestructurewillsupportwhenitisinuseis(B.liveload)
31.Intension,thematerialis(B.pulledapart)
32.Infillsconstructedbyenddumpingorbyplacinginthicklayers,material,density,andmoisturecontentcould(C.vary)greatlyfromonespottoanother.
33.Both(A.steelandcement),thetwomostimportantconstructionmaterialsofmoderntimes,wereintroducedinthenineteenthcentury.
34.Thetotalstationisusedtomeasureanglesinbothverticalandhorizontalplanes,andtheleveltomeasure(C.elevationdifference)
35.The(B.defective)vehicleisacreatorofaccidents.
36.Prestressedconcreteisan(B.improved)formofreinforcement.
37.Asimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintoby(D.twoormoreparties)
38.(B.Volume)changewouldresultindifferentialsettlementorswellbetweenadjacentareas.
39.Therearetwobasicproceduresforcontrollingtheembankmentdensity:
‘mannerandmethod’and‘(A.result)’.
40.Amainsourceofaccidents,theproblemof(C.drunken)drivingisthemostseriousofall.
41.Computerprogrammingisnowincludedinalmostallengineering(B.curricula).
42.Therelationshipbetweenengineeringandsocietyisgetting(C.Closer)
43.Typesofcontractsarevirtuallyclassifiedbytheir(D.payment)system:
(1)price-basedand
(2)cost-based.
44.Computerscan’tsolvecomplicatedproblemsunlesstheyaregiven(D.agoodprogram)
45.Inrecentyears,rippershavebeenusedsuccessfullyto(C.breakup)looseorfracturedrock.
46.Civilengineeringprojectsarealmostalways(A.distinctive)
47.Usuallythereare(C.no)easyanswersonequipmentselection.
48.(A.Vertical)forceactsupanddown.
49.Layeredconstructionalsoproducedgreateruniformityinthematerial(D.itself)andinitsdensityandmoisturecontent.
50.Theactualcostofanysinglehighwaytrafficaccidentisextremely(C.difficult)todetermine.
51.Basically,causesofautomobileaccidentscanbecategorized(D.into)fourmajorgroups.
52.Electronicdistancemeasuring(EDM)notonlycanmeasurethedistancebetweenobjectsbutalsodetermine(A.thedirection)
53.(A.Twoof)therecentimprovementinvisibilityarewraparoundwindshieldsandnarrowedroofsupportpillars.
54.Thereisagreatdealthattheactualhighwaydesignercan(C.doto)preventaccident.
55.Toavoidthedrivingafterdrinking,oneofthemethodsis(B.breathtest).
56.Itissuitableforremotesensingtechniquetobeusedforhighwaylocationin(C.mountainouscountrywithoutforest).
57.Theinformationontheaerialphotographscanbeconvertedintomapswiththehelpofstereoscopeswhichisabletoseeobjectsin(C.threedimensions)
58.Thenormalsteeldoesnotexertanyforceofitsownonthemember,(B.contrary)totheactionofprestressingsteel.
59.Theextensiveuseofprestressedstructureshasbeenduein(A.no)smallmeasurestotheadvancesinthetechnology.
60.Theemployerselectsthecontractorfortheprojectby(D.Bidding).
61.Manydifferent(A.corporations)andgovernmentagencieshavecompetedfortheservicesofengineersinrecentyears.
62.Civilengineersmayprefertoworkwithoneofthegovernmentagenciesthat(B.deals)withwaterresources.
63.Itisnormalpracticefor(B.a)engineertospecializeinjustonekind.
64.Constructioninvolvestheworkandutilizingtheequipmentandthematerialssothatcostsarekeptas(C.low)aspossible.
65.Forexample,(B.dams)areoftenbuiltinwildrivervalleysorgorges.
66.Electricalandmechanicalengineersworkonthe(A.design)ofthepowerhouseanditsequipment.
67.InRome,mostofthepeoplelivedin(B.insulse),greattenementblocksthatwereoftentenstorieshigh.
68.Theprospectivecivilengineershouldbeawareofthephysical(A.Conditions)thatwillbemadeonhimorher.
69.Muchoftheworkofcivilengineeringiscarriedon(C.outdoors)
70.Inaddition,thebuildingofskyscrapers,bridgesandtunnelsmustalsoprogressunderallkindsof(C.weather)conditions.
71.TheRomansalsousedanaturalcementcalledpozzolana,madefrom(B.volcanicash),thatbecameashardasstoneunderwater.
72.Differentproportionsoftheingredientsproduceconcretewith(A.different)strengthandweight.
73.(A.Prestressed)concretehasmadeitpossibletodevelopbuildingswithunusualshapes.
74.Themodernengineermustalsounderstandthe(C.different)stressestowhichthematerialsinastructurearesubject.
75.Today,scientificdatapermittheengineertomakecarefulcalculations(D.inadvance)
76.Theforcewhichtheliveloadwillbeexertedonthestructureis(C.Impact)
77.Whenasawbeginstobind,thewoodis(A.incompressionbecause)thefibersinitarebeingpushedtogether.
78.(D.Steel)rodsarebentintotheshapestogivethemthenecessarydegreeoftensilestrength.
79.Manygreatbuildingsbuiltinearlieragesaremassivestructureswith(B.thickstonewalls)
80.Weallenterintocontractsalmosteverydayforthesupplyfgoods,(Btransportation)etc.
81.Somecontractsmustbemadeinaparticular(D.form)tobeenforceable.
82.Onceapersonhassignedadocumentheisassumedtohave(B.approved)itscontents.
83.Bysettingdownthetermsofacontractinwritingonesecuresavoiding(A.disputes)
84.Inanentirecontract,where(D.theemployer)agreestopayacertainsuminreturnforcivilengineeringwork..
85.(B.Thecontractor)isnotentitledtoanypaymentifheabandonstheworkpriortocompletion.
86.Thecontractorisnotentitledtoreceivepaymentin(A.full)untiltheworkissatisfactorilycompleted.
87.Atenderisnormallyrequiredtobeadefinite(C.offer)
88.Generally,civilengineeringcontractsprovidefortheissueof(B.interimcertificates)atvariousstagesoftheworks.
89.Itdoesnotgivetheemployertherighttodemandan(A.unusually)highstandardofqualitythroughouttheworks.
90.Theemployerdoesnotusuallybindhimselftoacceptthelowestorindeedanytenderandthisisoftenstatedinthe(C.advertisement)
91.Acontracthasbeendefinedasanagreementwhichdirectlycreatesandcontemplates(C.anobligation)
92.Whenweenterintocontractswearewillingto(C.pay)fortheservicewereceive.
93.Ifthereisnowrittenagreementand(C.adispute)arisesinrespectofthecontract.
94.Therubber-tiredtractorunitshavedifficultyinoperatingon(D.wet),slipperyroadbeds.
95.Thereare(A.Many)variablesinearthmoving.
96.Theterm(D.Embankment)describesthefilladdedabovethelowpointsalongtheroadwaytoraisetheleveltothebottomofthepavementstructure.
97.Materialfor(B.embankment)commonlycomesfromroadwaycutsordesignatedborrowareas.
98.(C.Field)controlislargelyamatterofconductingthespecifiedpro