高中英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲 专题强化训练.docx

高中英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲 专题强化训练.docx

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高中英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲专题强化训练

主旨大意题——标题归纳题

（建议用时：

25分钟）

A

（2019·浙江五校联考）RecentlywheneverIturnedonmycomputerormymobilephone,newsaboutthegreateffectofHurricaneHarveyonthousandsofpeoplecaughtmyeye.Isawmanyunfortunateevents.However,therewasalsothebrightnewsthatconfirmedthegoodnessofmankind.Asajournalist,Iwrotemanyhumanintereststoriesduringmycareer.That’swhythestoryabouttheguysinthebakerycaughtmyeye.

WhenthestaffataMexicanbakerychaininHoustonweretrappedinsidethebuildingfortwodays,theydidn’tsittherefeelingsorryforthemselves.TheyusedtheirtimewiselyafterfloodingcausedbyHurricaneHarvey.WhiletheywerewaitingfortheeventualrescuethatcameonMondaymorning,fourdecidedtomakeasmanyloavesofbreadaspossiblefortheircommunity.

Thefloodwaterroseinthestreetoutside.Theytookadvantageoftheiremergencypowersupplytobakebread.Theyusedmorethan4，200poundsofflourtocreatehundredsofloavesandsheetsofsweetbread.Althoughthewaterkeptrising,theycontinuedbakingtohelpmorepeople.Bythetimetheownermanagedtogettothem,theyhadmadesomuchbreadthattheytooktheloavestoloadsofemergencycentersacrossthecityforpeopleaffectedbythefloods.

Thestoremanager,BrianAlvarado,toldTheIndependent,“Wheneveradisasteroccurs,nobodyshouldjustfeelforlorn.Instead,weshouldtakepositiveactiontosaveourselvesandhelpothers.Ouractsofkindnesswillmakeabigdifference.”

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。

一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时，在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动，利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。

1．WhatdidthebakerystoreworkersdoafterfloodingcausedbyHurricaneHarvey?

A．Theyvolunteeredtomakebreadfortheircommunity.

B．Theymanagedtolivebysellingmorebreadinthestore.

C．Theyfeltsorrythattheycouldn’tescapefromthestore.

D．Theyatenothingbuttowaitfortheircommunitytorescuethem.

A　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句“WhiletheywerewaitingfortheeventualrescuethatcameonMondaymorning,fourdecidedtomakeasmanyloavesofbreadaspossiblefortheircommunity.”可知，当这家面包房的员工们在等待周一上午的最终救援时，四人决定为他们的社区烤尽可能多的面包。

故选A项。

2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“forlorn”underlinedinthelastparagraph?

A．Fortunate.　　　　　　　B．Hopeful.

C．Shallow.D．Desperate.

D　解析：

词义猜测题。

根据最后一段中的“Instead,weshouldtakepositiveactiontosaveourselvesandhelpothers.”可知，相反，我们应该采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助他人。

由Instead可知，forlorn的意思与positive相反，故forlorn与desperate（绝望的）意思相近。

故选D项。

3．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A．Alvaradoorganizedhisworkerstobakemuchbread.

B．HurricaneHarveycausedapowerfailureinHouston.

C．Thestaffinthebakerysentenoughflourtoemergencycenters.

D．Theauthorpreferredtowritestoriesaboutpeoplefacingdisasters.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Theytookadvantageoftheiremergencypowersupplytobakebread.”可知，他们利用应急电源烤面包。

由此可推知，哈维飓风造成休斯敦停电。

故选B项。

4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．APopularMexicanBakeryChaininHouston

B．WaitfortheEventualRescueinaBigDisaster

C．AllKindsofDisastersCausedbyHurricaneHarveyinHouston

D．BakeBreadtoMakeaDifferenceintheFaceofHurricaneHarvey

D　解析：

标题归纳题。

根据第二三段的内容和最后一段中的“Ouractsofkindnesswillmakeabigdifference.”可知，D项（在面对哈维飓风时，烤面包起了很大作用）作为标题最能概括全文内容。

故选D项。

B

EveryyearbetweenMayandSeptember,all54employeesofBasecamp,aChicagobasedwebapplicationcompany,haveashortworkweek:

justfourdays—atotalof32hours.Also,theyusuallyworkfivedaysaweekfortherestoftheyear.

“That’splentyoftimetogetgreatworkdone.Thisisallweexpectandallwewantfrompeople，”saysJasonFried,acofounder.“Working50，60，or70plushoursisunnecessary.Infact,ifyouhavetowork50，60，or70plushoursaweek,there’samanagementproblem.”

Thecompany’ssummerworkloadmustfitreducedhours,Mr.Friedinsists,otherwisethebenefitsofashorterweek—torecoverfromwork,enjoytimewithfamilyandpursue（追求）outsideinterests—wouldbeundone.

Hisnewresearchfindsthatitisnotjustlonghoursthatareharmfultoemployees’physicalandmentalhealth.Itisalsotheintensity（强度）ofwork.Moreover,itsuggeststhatintenseworkharmscareerprospects.Thatisbecauseunbearablehoursandintensityareintheoppositedirection,reducingthequalityofthework.

Theresearchconcludesthatthelevelofintensityweapplytotheworkwedoisgenerally“astrongerpredictorofunfavorableoutcomesthanovertimework”．

Theresearchcomparedpeopleofsimilarjobsandeducationlevels,andfoundtheyweremorelikelytosufferpoorerhappinessandworsecareerprospects,includingsatisfaction,securityandpromotion,whentheyworkedatanintenselevelforlongperiods.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。

本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工将近半年时间每周只工作4天，共32小时的情况为例说明了较短的工作周有益于人们的身心健康，并以一项研究来证明。

5．WhatdoweknowaboutBasecamp’sfourdayworkweek?

A．Itlastsnearlyhalfayear.

B．Theworkpressureistoohigh.

C．Therearesomemanagementproblems.

D．Employeesworkmorethan8hoursaday.

A　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段可知，一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工在每年5月到9月期间每周的工作时间都很短：

只有四天，共32小时，持续5个月，大概半年时间。

故选A项。

6．WhatdoesMr.Friedintendtosayinparagraph2?

A．Givenplentyoftime,peoplecandomore.

B．Togetworkdonewellneedsplentyoftime.

C．Peoplecandoajobverywellinashortworkweek.

D．Alongworkweekisappropriateforreducedworkload.

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Working50，60，or70plushoursisunnecessary.Infact,ifyouhavetowork50，60，or70plushoursaweek,there’samanagementproblem.”可知，弗里德先生认为一周工作五六十个小时，甚至七十几个小时是没有必要的。

如果真这么做了，反而会出现管理上的问题，由此推知，弗里德先生认为人们可以在短时间内把工作做好，故选C项。

7．Whatdoestheresearchmentionedinthetextwanttotellus?

A．Gettingmuchmorerest.

B．Improvingworkquality.

C．Refusingafivedayworkweek.

D．Avoidingworkingtoointensely.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

根据题干中的theresearch可定位到第四至六段。

通读这几段，尤其是第四段可知，这个新研究发现长时间工作不只对员工的身心健康有害，工作的强度也会影响员工的职业前景。

这是因为难以忍受的工作时长和工作强度会降低工作质量。

第五六段进一步说明了长时间高强度工作的坏处。

由此可以推知，该研究是建议人们要避免高强度工作，故选D项。

8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A．MoreWork,MoreProfits

B．LessWork,LessBenefits

C．ShorterWeek,BetterReward

D．LongerHours,HigherIntensity

C　解析：

标题归纳题。

本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp为例，说明了较短的工作周的好处。

除此之外，还介绍了一项有关工作时长和工作强度对人的影响的研究，由此更进一步印证了较短工作周对人身心方面的益处。

因此C项最能概括全文内容。

C

It’scommonknowledgethatsomecountrieshavehigherlifeexpectanciesthanothers,butthecityyouliveincanalsoaffectyourhealth.

Somecitiesarehardontheirresidents.Inplaceswithpoorcityplanning,forexampleLagos,whichwascalledoutrecentlybytheEconomistIntelligenceUnit,publicspacesarefew,makingoutdooractivitieshard.Lackofinfrastructure（基础设施）blocksthestreetswithcarsandtheairwithpollutants,andresidentsworklonghoursforlittlemoney.

ThesearejustsomeofthefactorsaddedupbySpotahome,arentalagency.They’veanalyzeddatafromarangeofsources,includingtheWorldHealthOrganization,TripAdvisorandtheCIAWorldFactbooktoscoreeachcityonhealth,gymavailabilityandquality,lifeexpectancies,obesity,greenspaceandotherelementstomakealisttoworkoutwhicharetheworld’shealthiestcities.

ThelistiscertainlyEurocentricandsunshineisseenasapositivefactor.Itdoesgosomewaytowardsuggestingwhichcitiesaregettingitrightinprovidingagoodlifefortheirresidents.ItmaynotbesurprisingtolearnthatmostofthehealthiestcitiesareinnorthernEurope,knownforitspeoplefirstapproachtocityplanning.ThecitiesofAustraliaandCanadaalsodowell.However,thefirstAmericancityisonlyin34thplace.TheU．K.doesn’tfaretoowelleither—itsonlycityinthetop50listisLondon,in40th.

Whetheryou’replanningawholesomeholiday,orsimplywonderingwhatyourcitycandobetterinitsquestforhappycitizens,thelistofthe50healthiestcitieswillgiveyoupauseforthoughtaboutthefutureofcityplanning.Herearetheslender,healthyeating,cleanairedcitiesthataregettingitright.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了研究者们通过调查发现城市建设会影响居民的健康。

通过分析健康、绿化、预期寿命等因素，研究者们还列出了一个世界上最健康的城市的清单。

9．Whatplaysthekeyroleinbuildingahealthycityaccordingtothetext?

A．Localculture.

B．Cityplanning.

C．Economiccondition.

D．Geographicalposition.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段可知，大家都知道一些国家比其他国家拥有更高的预期寿命，但是人们居住的地市也会影响人们的健康，即城市规划在创建一个健康城市方面扮演着一个很重要的角色，故选B项。

10．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A．Howthelistofthehealthiestcitiescameintobeing.

B．WhatSpotahomediscoveredintherecentstudy.

C．ThereasonswhySpotahomecarriedoutthestudy.

D．Theplaceswherethedataofthestudycamefrom.

A　解析：

段落大意题。

第三段主要介绍了研究者们通过从各种来源中分析数据，然后根据健康、体育设备的利用率和质量、预期寿命、肥胖指数、绿化方面和其他的一些因素对每个城市进行打分来制订清单并列出世界上最健康的城市。

由此可知，本段主要介绍了这份最健康城市的清单是怎样形成的，故选A项。

11．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A．CitiesinAmericalackenoughsunshine.

B．TheU．K.rankedhigherthanAmericainthelist.

C．AustraliaandCanadahavethebestcityplanning.

D．SomepeopleinLagosmayliveapoorlife.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Lackofinfrastructure（基础设施）blocksthestreetswithcarsandtheairwithpollutants,andresidentsworklonghoursforlittlemoney.”可知，在拉各斯，一些居民可能过着贫穷的生活，故选D项。

12．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A．TheBestPlacestoHaveaRichLife

B．TheHappiestLifestyleintheWorld

C．TheCityFactorsAffectingYourHealth

D．TheNiceCountriestoKeepHealthy

C　解析：

标题归纳题。

纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了城市建设对居民健康的影响，故选C项。

主旨大意题——文章大意题

（建议用时：

25分钟）

A

（2019·浙江部分重点中学联考）FiveyearoldPrisillaPerez,astudentatMeadorElementarySchoolinWillis,wasunhappywithherrecenthaircut,whichresultedfromaseveredisease.WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.

Herteacher,ShannonGrimm,sympathizedwithherunhappiness.GrimmandPrisilla’smomwereconcerned,buttheirideasdidn’twork.“Wehadclassroomdiscussions