约翰班扬文件夹.docx

约翰班扬文件夹.docx

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约翰班扬文件夹

JohnBunyan

NewwordsandTermsofthePilgrim’sProgress

1.vanityfair–名利场

2.Satan（魔王）,Legion（魔鬼）,Bezelbub（大魔王）,Appolyon（恶魔）

3.celestial（heavenly）city

4.outlandishmen（menfromothercountries）

5.commodity=merchandise,goods,products

6.Christian;Pliable;Faithful;Hopeful;WorldlyWiseman;Evangelist

In1628JohnBunyanwasborntoThomasBunyanandMargaretBentleyatBunyan'sEnd,intheparishofElstow,Bedfordshire,England.Bunyan'sEndwaslocatedapproximatelyhalfwaybetweenthehamletofHarrowden（onemilesoutheastofBedford）andElstow'sHighStreet.

HeisrecordedintheElstowparishregisterashavingbeenbaptisedJohnBunyan,on30thNovember1628.

In1623Thomashadmarriedhisfirstwifein1623and,likehisfatherbeforehim,wouldmarrytwomoretimeswithinmonthsofbeingwidowed.In1627,ThomasmarriedMargaretBentley-on23May.LikeThomas,MargaretwasfromElstowandshewasalsobornin1603.In1628Margaret'ssister,RoseBentley,marriedThomas'half-brotherEdwardBunyan.Theywereworking-classpeople,withThomasearningalivingasachapmanbuthemayalsohavebeenabrazier-onewhomakesand/ormendskettlesandpots.Bunyanwroteofhismodestorigins,"Mydescentwasofalowandinconsiderablegeneration,myfather'shousebeingofthatrankthatismeanestandmostdespisedofallthefamiliesoftheland".

Johnwasprobablyeducatedathisfather'shouse,possiblywithotherpoorcountryboys,butinhiswritingshereferstohisdaysinschool.Sohemustalsohavespentsometimeataschool,possiblytheoneinHoughtonConquest.Eitherway,hislaterwritingsdemonstrateahighdegreeofEnglishliteracy.

Likehisfather,Johnchoseajob'ontheroad',byadoptingthetradeofTinker.Thiswasafairlyskilledbutlowlyoccupation.Asfewpeoplecouldaffordtopurchasenewpotswhenoldonesbecameholed,theywouldmendedtimeandtimeagain,sothearrivalofatinkerwouldoftenbeawelcomesightbutthesemi-nomadicnatureoftheirlifeleadtoTinkersbeingregarded（bysome）inthesamepoorlightasgypsies.

1644wasaneventfulyearfortheBunyanfamily-inJuneJohnlosthismotherand,inJuly,hissisterMargaretdied.Thenhisfathermarried（forthethirdtime）toAnnePinney（orPurney）andastepbrother,Charles,wasborn.

Itmayhavebeenthearrivalofhisstepmotherwhich,followinghis16thbirthdayleadJohntoleavethefamilyhomeandenlistintheParliamentaryarmy.

1644–1647JohnservedatNewportPagnellgarrison.TheEnglishCivilWarwasthennearingtheendofthefirststage.Johnwasprobablysavedfromdeathonedaywhenafellowsoldiervolunteeredtogointobattleinhisplaceandwaskilledwhilewalkingsentryduty[1].

AfterthecivilwarwaswonbyTheParliamentarians,BunyanreturnedtohisformertradeofTinker.

Inhisautobiographicalbook,GraceAbounding,Bunyanwrotethatheledanabandonedlifeinhisyouthandwasmorallyreprehensibleasaresult.However,thereappearstobenooutwardevidencethathewasanyworsethanhisneighbours.ExamplesofsinstowhichheconfessesinGraceAboundingare;profanity,dancingandbell-ringing.Theincreasingawarenessofhis（inhisview）un-Biblicallifeledhimtocontemplateactsofimpietyandprofanity;inparticular,hewasharassedbyacuriosityinregardtothe"unpardonablesin",andaprepossessionthathehadalreadycommittedit.Hewasknownasanadeptlinguistasfarasprofanitywasconcerned,eventhemostproficientswearerswereknowntoremarkthatBunyanwas"theungodliestfellowforswearingtheyeverheard".

WhileplayingagameofTip-cat,onElstowvillagegreen,Bunyanclaimedtohaveheardavoicewhichasked:

"Wiltthouleavethysinsandgotoheavenorhavethysinsandgotohell?

"BecausePuritansheldsacredtheSabbathdayandpermittednosport,JohnbelieveditthishadbeenthevoiceofGod,chastisinghisindulgentways.John'sspiritualitywasbornfromthisexperienceandhebegantostrugglewithhissenseofguilt,self-doubtandhisbeliefintheBible'spromiseofChristiandamnationandsalvation.

In1649,whenhewasabout21,hemovedintoacottageonthewesternsideofthenorthernendofElstow'sHighStreet.

In1650,hemarriedayoungwoman,anorphanwhosefatherhadleftheronlytwobooksasherinheritance.（Hernameisnotrecordedbut,astheBunyan'sfirst,blind,daughter,（bornin1650）wascalledMary,itispossiblethatshewasnamedafterJohn'swife.）Thetwobookswere;ArthurDent'sPlainMan'sPathwaytoHeavenandLewisBayly'sPracticeofPiety.ThecontentofthesetwobooksappeartohavestronglyinfluencedJohntowardsareligiouslife.

TheBunyanslifewasmodesttosaytheleast.Bunyanwritesthattheywere"aspooraspoormightbe",noteven"adishorspoonbetweenthem".

AsJohnstruggledwithhisnewfoundChristianfaith,hebecameincreasinglydespondentandfellintomentalturmoil.Duringthistimeofconflict,BunyanbeganafouryearlongdiscussionandspiritualjourneywithafewpoorwomenofBedford,whobelongedtoanonconformistsectwhichworshippedinSt.John'sChurch.HealsoincreasinglyidentifiedhimselfwithSt.Paul,whohadcharacterisedhimselfas"thechiefofsinners",andbelievedhewasoneofthespiritualelite,chosenbyGod.

Asaresultoftheseexperiences,JohnBunyanwasbaptisedandreceivedintoStJohn'schurchandhebegantofollowtheteachingsofitspastor,JohnGifford.Aseconddaughter,Elizabethwasbornandthenin1654hissonJohn.

In1655BunyanmovedhisfamilytoStCuthbertsStreetBedford.Thatsameyear,JohnGifforddiedandJohnstartedpreaching.

In1656,John'ssonThomaswasborn,hisfirstbook“SomeGospelTruths”waspublishedandJohnBurtonwasappointedministeratStJohnschurch.

In1657,BunyanbecameadeaconofSt.John'sChurch,Bedfordandhissecondbook“Vindication”waspublished.

Imprisonments

BedfordOldBridge,withthejailinwhichBunyanwasimprisoned.Ashispopularityandnotorietygrew,Bunyanincreasinglybecameatargetforslanderandlibel;hewasdescribedas"awitch,aJesuit,ahighwayman"andwassaidtohavemistressesandmultiplewives.In1658,aged30,hewasarrestedforpreachingatEatonSoconandindictedforpreachingwithoutalicence.

Hecontinuedpreaching,however,anddidnotsufferimprisonmentuntilNovember1660,whenhewastakentothecountygaolinSilverStreet,Bedford.Inthatsameyear,Bunyanmarriedhissecondwife,Elizabeth,bywhomhehadtwomorechildren,SarahandJoseph.TheRestorationofthemonarchybyCharlesIIofEnglandbeganBunyan'spersecutionasEnglandreturnedtoAnglicanism.Meeting-houseswerequicklyclosedandallcitizenswererequiredtoattendtheirAnglicanparishchurch.Itbecamepunishablebylawto"conductdivineserviceexceptinaccordancewiththeritualofthechurch,orforonenotinEpiscopalorderstoaddressacongregation."Thus,JohnBunyannolongerhadthatfreedomtopreachwhichhehadenjoyedunderthePuritanCommonwealth.Hewasarrestedon12November1660,whilstpreachingprivatelyinLowerSamsellbyHarlington,Bedfordshire,10milessouthofBedford.

JohnwasbroughtbeforethemagistrateJohnWingateatHarlingtonHouseandrefusedtodesistfrompreaching.WingatesenthimtothecountygaolinBedfordtoconsiderhissituation.Afteramonth,Bunyanreports（inhisownaccountofhisimprisonment）thatWingate'sclerkvisitedhim,seekingtogetBunyantochangehismind.TheclerksaidthatalltheauthoritieswantedwasforBunyantoundertakenottopreachatprivategatherings.JohnarguedthatGod'slawobligedhimtopreachatanyandeveryopportunity.InJanuary1661,BunyanwasbroughtbeforethequartersessionsintheChapelofHerne,Bedford.Hisprosecutor,Mr.JusticeWingate,despitebunyan'sclearbreachesoftheReligionActof1592,wasnotinclinedtoincarcerateBunyan.ButJohn'sstarkstatement"Ifyoureleasemetoday,Iwillpreachtomorrow"leftthemagistrates-SirJohnKelyngeofSouthill,SirHenryChesterofLidlington,SireGeorgeBlundellofCardington,SirWllmBeecherofHowburyandThomasSnaggofMilbrook-withnochoicebuttoimprisonhim.SoBunyanwasincarceratedfor3monthsforthecrimesof"pertinaciouslyabstaining"fromattendingmandatoryAnglicanchurchservicesandpreachingat"unlawfulmeetings".StrenouseffortsweremadebyBunyan'swifetogethiscasere-heardatthespringassizesbutBunyan'scontinuedassertionsthathewould,iffreed,preachtohisawaitingcongregationmeantthatthemagistrateswouldnotconsideranynewhearing.Similareffortsweremadeinthefollowingyearbut,again,tonoavail.In1664,anActofparliamenttheConventiclesActmadeitillegaltoholdreligeousmeetingsoffiveormorepeopleoutsideoftheauspicesoftheChurchofEngland.

ItwasduringhistimeinBedfordGaolthatJohnBunyanconceivedhisallegoricalnovel:

ThePilgrim'sProgress.（Manyscholarshoweverbelievethathecommencedthisworkduringthesecondandshorterimprisonmentof1675,referredtobelow.）Bunyan'sincarcerationwaspunctuatedwithperiodsofrelativefreedom-laxgaolersallowinghimouttoattendchurchmeetingsandtoministertohiscongregation.

In1666,Johnwasbrieflyreleasedforafewweeksbeforebeingre-arrestedforpreachingandsentbacktoBedfordgaol,whereheremainedforafurthersixyears.Duringthattime,hewoveshoelacestosupporthisfamilyandpreachedtohisfellowprisoners-acongregationofaboutsixty.Inhispossessionweretwobooks,JohnFoxe'sBookofMartyrs,theBible,aviolinhehadmadeoutoftin,aflutehe'dmadefromachairlegandasupplyofpenandpaper.Bothmusicandwritingwere