高中英语Unit1Greatscientists练习新人教版必修5.docx

高中英语Unit1Greatscientists练习新人教版必修5.docx

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高中英语Unit1Greatscientists练习新人教版必修5

Unit1　Greatscientists

【导语】　

史蒂芬·威廉·霍金，英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论学家，被称为“在世的最伟大的科学家”，还被称为“宇宙之王”。

HawkingStephenWilliam（1942—　），Britishtheoreticalphysicistandmathematicianwhosemainfieldofresearchhasbeenthenatureofspaceandtime，includingirregularitiesinspaceandtimeknownassingularities.Hawkinghasalsodevotedmuchofhislifetomakinghistheoriesaccessibletothepublicthroughlectures，booksandfilms.

HawkingwasborninOxford，England，andheshowedexceptionaltalentinmathematicsandphysicsfromanearlyage.HeenteredOxfordUniversityin1958andbecameespeciallyinterestedinThermodynamics（thestudyoftheinteractionofmatterandenergy），RelativityTheory，andQuantumMechanics（seeQuantumTheory）．In1961heattendedasummercourseattheRoyalObservatorythatencouragedtheseinterests.Hecompletedhisundergraduatecoursesin1962andreceivedabachelor'sdegreeinphysics.HawkingthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityatthedepartmentofappliedmathematicsandtheoreticalphysicsattheUniversityofCambridge.

HawkingearnedhisPhDdegreefromTrinityCollegeattheUniversityofCambridgein1966.HestayedattheUniversityofCambridge，doingpost-doctoralresearch，untilhebecameaprofessorofphysicsin1977.HebecameoneoftheyoungestfellowsoftheRoyalSocietyin1974.In1979hewasappointedLucasianProfessorofMathematicsatCambridge.

【词海拾贝】

1．irregularity　　　n．不规则的事物；不整齐的事物

2．singularityn．异常；奇怪

3．accessibleadj.易接近的；容易理解的

4．exceptionaladj.罕见的，特殊的；卓越的

5．thermodynamicsn．热力学

【问题思考】

1．WhatisHawking'smainfieldofresearch?

（nomorethan8words）

_______________________________________________________

答案：

Thenatureofspaceandtime.

2．HowdoesHawkinghavehistheorymadeknowntothepublic？

（nomorethan6words）

_______________________________________________________

答案：

Throughlectures，booksandfilms.

Ⅰ.为单词选择正确的释义

1．suspect　　　　A．向……挑战

2．challengeB．宣布；通告

3．concludeC．责备；谴责

4．blameD．认为；怀疑

5．announceE．结束；推断出

6．exposeF．暴露；揭露；使曝光

7．contributeG．小心的；谨慎的

8．cautiousH．捐献；贡献

答案：

1.D　2.A　3.E　4.C　5.B　6.F　7.H　8.G

Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词

1．________n．特征；特性

2．________vt.打败；战胜；使受挫（n.）失败

3．________n．治愈；痊愈（vt.）治愈；治疗

4．________vt.吸收；吸引；使专心

5．________vt.预见；预知

答案：

1.characteristic　2.defeat　3.cure　4.absorb

5．foresee

Ⅲ.根据英语释义写出单词

1．________：

tobepresentatanevent

2．________：

tohaveanideathatsomethingisbadbutwithouthavingdefiniteproof

3．________：

tomakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorethingsorpeople

4．________：

tomakesomethingdirty

5．________：

thepartofsthusedtoopenit；todealwith；tooperateorcontrol

答案：

1.attend　2.suspect　3.link　4.pollute　5.handle

Ⅳ.选用短语的适当形式填空

putforward；link...to...；expose...to；suspect...of；apartfrom；leadto；drawaconclusion；betoblame；beabsorbedin；makesense；bestrictwith

1．Wehadnodesireto________________ourplan.

答案：

putforward

2．Wemust________thisshamefulactivity________thenewspaper.

答案：

expose　to

3．Thestudentssatintheclassroomand________readingEnglish.

答案：

wereabsorbedin

4．Weconsiderthatyou________fortheaccident.

答案：

aretoblame

5．They________fromthefactatlast.

答案：

drewaconclusion

6．Peopleoften________lungcancer________smoking.

答案：

link　to

7．“You'veoftenmadethesamemistakes.Iwill______youfromnowon，”theteachersaidtoTom.

答案：

bestrictwith

8．________thecost，thedressdoesn'tsuitme.

答案：

Apartfrom

9．Whathehassaiddoesn't______．Ican'tunderstandit.

答案：

makesense

10．Theuseofinformationtechnologycould__________majorprogressfordevelopingnations.

答案：

leadto

Ⅴ.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语

1．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon－soexpert，indeed，thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.

_______________________________________________________

答案：

约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。

2．Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

_______________________________________________________

答案：

人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。

3．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedevery_timetherewasanoutbreak.

_______________________________________________________

答案：

每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。

4．Awoman，whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet，likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehad_it_deliveredtoherhouseeveryday.

_______________________________________________________

答案：

有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。

JohnSnowdefeats“KingCholera”

课文表层理解

Ⅰ.判断正（T）误（F）

1．JohnSnowknewthatcholerawasnotabletobecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.

（T）

2．Thefirsttheorysuggestedthatpeopletookcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.

（F）

3．JohnSnowwasoncefrightenedtofacethechallengeandsolvetheproblemofcholera.

（F）

4．Thepeoplewhohadbeengivenfreebeenandnotdrunkthewaterfromthepumpwerenotattackedbythedisease.

（T）

Ⅱ.根据课文内容回答问题

1．Whycouldn'tthecholerabeundercontrolatfirst?

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

答案：

Becauseneitheritscausenoritscurewasfound.

2．Whenthecausewasfound，whatdidthepeopledo?

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

答案：

Theyremovedthehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.

3．What'stheextraevidence?

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

答案：

InanotherpartofLondon，twootherdeathswerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.

Ⅲ.根据对文章的理解，将下面表格补充完整（每空一词）

JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”

Aboutcholera

•Itwasa1.________diseaseofitsday.

•Peopledidn'tknowitscauseorits2.____.

•Manythousandsofpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.

Twotheories

•Choleraspreadinacloudofdangerousgas.

•Cholerawas3.________intopeople'sbodieswiththeirmeals.

Thecourseoffindingevidence

•Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoor4.________ofLondon，JohnSnowbegantogatherinformation.

•Hefoundtheoutbreakwasvery5.______intwoparticularstreets.•Afterfurtherinvestigationshediscovereditseemedthatthewaterwasto6.________.

•Whenpeopledidn'tusethe7.________water，thediseasesloweddown，whichshowedthatcholerawasreallyspreadbygerms.

8.________topreventcholerafromhappening

•JohnSnowsuggestedthatthe9.______ofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.

•Thewatercompanieswere10.______nottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.

答案：

1.deadly　2.cure　3.absorbed　4.neighbourhoods

5．severe/serious　6.blame　7.polluted

8．Measures/Steps　9.source　10.instructed

课文深层理解

Ⅰ.根据课文内容匹配段落及其大意

1．Para1　　　A．Offeringsolutions

2．Para2B．Whatcausedcholera

3．Para3C．Providetwocontroltheories

4．Para4D．Collectinformation

5．Para5E．Collectresults

6．Para6F．Analyzetheresult

7．Para7G．Findsupportingevidence

答案：

1.B　2.C　3.D　4.E　5.F　6.G　7.A

Ⅱ.仔细阅读课文，选择最佳选项

1．Thepassagemainlytellsusthat________．

A．thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater

B．JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon

C．thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined

D．JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolve“KingCholera”

答案：

D

2．WhatwasthekeytohelpforJohnSnow'sdiscovery?

A．Thegovernment.

B．ThewomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet.

C．Thewatercompany.

D．Themapmadebyhimself.

答案：

D

3．Aslast，“KingCholera”wascontrolledby______．

A．usingmedicinesinhospital

B．drivingpatientsoutofthecountry

C．dealingwiththepollutedwater

D．gettingridofallkindsofpollution

答案：

C

4．WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?

A．Choleramultipliedinthewater.

B．Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.

C．Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.

D．Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.

答案：

B

Copernicus'RevolutionaryTheory

Ⅰ.根据课文内容选择正确的选项

1．WhatmadeCopernicusfrightenedandconfused?

A．Thefactthattheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.

B．Theconclusionthatthesunwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.

C．Thefactthattheearthrunsaroundthesun.

D．ThefactthatGodmadetheworld.

答案：

B

2．Whydidn'tCopernicuspublishhistheoryimmediately?

A．Becausehedidn'tthinkitcomplete.

B．BecausehewasafraidofbeingattackedbytheChristianChurch.

C．Becausehisfriendsforbadehimtodoso.

D．Becausenoonesupportedhisideas.

答案：

B

3．WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?

A．Afterhisdeath.

B．Beforehetoldhisfriendsaboutit.

C．Ashelaydyingin1543.

D．Copernicus'theorywasneverpublished.

答案：

C

4．AllthefollowingmakeitstrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemEXCEPTthat________．

A．someplanetsintheskyseemedtostopormovebackward

B．someplanetsintheskyappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers

C．someplanetsintheskyseemedtogoforwardinaloop

D．thesungoesaroundtheearth

答案：

D

5．What'stheChristianChurch'sattitudetowardsCopernicus'theory?

A．TheChristianChurchobjectedtoCopernicus'theory.

B．TheChristianChurchwasinfavorofCopernicus'theory.

C．TheChristianChurchpaidmuchattentiontothetheory.

D．TheChristianChurchthoughthighlyofCopernicus'theory.

答案：

A

Ⅱ.判断正（T）误（F）

1．AtCopernicus'time，ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywesterncountries.（T）

2．Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth，someplanetsappearinfrontoforbehindtheearth.（F）

3．Copernicusdidn'tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.（T）

4．Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.（F）

5．SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch，Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.（F）

6．Newton，Einstein，andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontrib