一些英国国家卫生部的怀孕知识.docx

一些英国国家卫生部的怀孕知识.docx

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一些英国国家卫生部的怀孕知识

1、Thefirstthreemonthsofpregnancy

2、Themiddlemonthsofpregnancy

3、Thefinalmonthsofpregnancy

4、Eatingwellforpregnancy

5、Commonhealthproblemsduringpregnancy

6、Fatherhood:

thebirthandbeyond

7、Post-pregnancyexercise

8、Exerciseinpregnancy

9、Givingbirthinhospital:

whattopack

Thefirstthreemonthsofpregnancy

These12weeksarefullofchangestoyourbodyandlifestyle.Here'swhat'shappening.

Pregnancylastsaround40weeksandissometimesdividedintothreestagescalledtrimesters,eachlastingaround13weeks.

Weeks1to4

You

Yourpregnancyisdatedfromthefirstdayofyourlastperiod,althoughconceptionusuallytakesplaceabouttwoweeksafterthat,aroundthetimethatyouovulate（releaseanegg）.Inthefirstfourweeksofpregnancy,youprobablywon'tnoticeanysymptoms.Thefirstthingmostwomennoticeisthattheirperioddoesn'tarrive.

Toworkoutwhenyourbabyisdue,seetheduedatecalculatorinUsefullinks.

Yourbaby

Thecellsofyourfertilisedeggaremultiplyingquickly,andthebundleofcellsimplantsinyourwombliningaroundfivetosevendaysaftertheeggisfertilisedbyasperm.

Tip:

routinedentalworkisfreeduringyourpregnancyandforthefirstyearofyourbaby’slife.Yourgumsmaybecomemoresensitivewhenyou'repregnant,soit'sespeciallyimportanttovisitatthistime.

Weeks5to8

You

Byweekeightyou'llprobablyhavemissedyoursecondperiod,althoughalittlebleedingoccasionallyoccursaroundweekssixtoeight.AlwaysmentionanybleedingtoyourmidwifeorGP,particularlyifitcontinuesandyougetstomachpain.

Yourwombhasgrowntothesizeofanapple,andpregnancyhormonesarefillingyourbody.You'reprobablyfeelingexhausted.Yourbreastsmightfeelsoreandenlarged,andyou’repeeingmoreoften.

Youmighthavemorningsickness（whichcanhappenatanytimeoftheday）.Mostwomenfeelbetterbyweek14,buthereareafewtipstohelpyouuntilthen.

∙Haveadrinkandaplainbiscuitbeforeyougetup.

∙Gingeroftenhelps,sotrygingerbiscuitsortea.

∙Takesipsofcold,fizzywater.

∙Somewomenfindithelpfultowearacupressuretravelbandsontheirwrists.Youcangetthesefromapharmacy.Theydon’tcontainanymedication.Theyworkbyputtingpressureonacertainpointonyourwist.

∙Ifthesicknessisreallybadandyoucan’tkeepanyfooddown,talktoyourmidwifeordoctor.

Yourbaby’sorgansareformingnow,soifyourworkinvolvescontactwithchemicals,suchasinadrycleaningshop,tellyouremployerthatyou'repregnantsothattheycangiveyoualternativejobstodo.

Yourbaby

Thebabygrowstothesizeofagrapeduringweeksfivetoeight,andthespinebeginstoform.Smallbudsappear,whichwilldevelopintolimbs,andthetinyheartisbeating.Fromweekeight,yourbabyisnolongercalledanembryobutafoetus,whichmeans'littleone'.

Tip:

chronictirednessiscommonintheearlymonths,butitwillgo.Don’tfightit.Takearestfor15minuteswheneveryougetthechance.

Weeks9to12

You

Duringthistime,yourbreastswillhavegrown,andyou'llneedabiggerbra.Youmayalsofindthatyouremotionsvarygreatly:

youfeelhappyonemoment,thensad.Don’tworry,theseemotionswillcalmdownwhenyourhormonessettle.

Ifyouhaven’tseenyourmidwifeyet,contactherforyourbooking-inappointment.Thisshouldtakeplaceataroundeightto12weeks,butitvariesdependingonwhereyoulive.Again,thetimingwilldependontheareainwhichyoulive,butyoumightbeofferedyourfirstultrasoundscanbetweenweek10andweek14.

Yourbaby

Evenifyoucan’tseeabumpyet,yourbabyisfullyformed.Heorsheisabout7cm（two-and-three-quarterinches）long.Fingernailsandtoenailsarestartingtoappearand,ifthebabyisaboy,he’salreadyproducingthemalehormone,testosterone.

Tip:

eatanddrinklittleandoften.Smallamountswillprobablybeeasiertokeepdown.

Tip:

ifyou’refeelingdizzyandshaky,itcouldbebecauseyourpregnancyhormonesareinterferingwiththeinsulinthatcontrolsblood-sugarlevels,andbeingsickmakesitworse.Keepupyourbloodsugarbyeatingsmall,healthysnacks,suchasapieceofwholemealtoastorabanana,everyfewhours.

Ifmiscarriagehappens

Mostmiscarriageshappenintheearlydaysandweeks,andoneinsixpregnanciesmiscarrybefore12weeks.It’sdevastatingtoloseababy,andyou'llneedtimetogrieve,justasyouwouldafterthelossofanyoneclosetoyou.

Rememberthatmostpeoplewhohaveamiscarriagegoontohaveanormal,healthypregnancy.Trytotalkaboutyourfeelingswithyourpartnerandyourfamilyandfriends.

TheMiscarriageAssociation（inUsefullinks）cangiveyouinformation,andcanputyouintouchwithotherwomenwho'vehadmiscarriages.Callthehelplineon01924200799（Mon-Fri9am-4pm）.

Themiddlemonthsofpregnancy

Thesemiddlemonthsofpregnancy,afteraroundweek12,arethemostenjoyableformanywomen.Thesicknessstopsandyourenergyreturns.

Pregnancylastsaround40weeks,andissometimesdividedintothreestagescalledtrimesters,eachlastingaround13weeks

Week13to16

You

Somewomenstarttofeelsexyaroundthistime,probablyduetotheextrahormonesandincreasedbloodandfluidinthepelvicarea.Don’tworryifyoudon’t,assomepregnantwomengooffsexcompletely.

You’llnoticeasmallbumpdevelopingasyourwombgrowsandmovesupwards.Ifyou'vefeltadesperateurgetourinateoverthelastfewmonths,it'sbecauseyourwombwaspressingonyourbladder.Thisshouldnoweaseoff.

Ifyounoticeanypainwhenyouurinate,seeyourdoctor.Urinaryinfectionscanhappeninpregnancy,andit'simportanttotreatthemquicklybecausetheycancauselowbirthweightorprematurebirth.

Yourbaby

Yourbabymayonlybetiny,about16cmto18cm（6into7in）long,butthey'realreadytwisting,turningandkicking.

Tip:

ifyoudyeyourhair,theresultsmaybeunpredictable.Thisisbecauseyourhairmaybemoreporousthannormal,whichcanaffectthewayitreactstohairproducts.

Weeks17to21

You

You’rehalfwaythere.Duringthistime,you'llprobablyfeelthebabymove.Mostfirst-timemumsnoticethefirstmovementsatbetween18and20weeks.

Youmaynoticeyourskinbecomingdrierorsmoother,andyournipplesgetdarker.Youmaydevelopadarklinedownthemiddleofyourchestandstomach.Normalhairlossslowsdown,soyourhairmaylookthickerandshinier.

Dependingonwhereyoulive,youmaybeofferedasecondscanataroundweek20.Ifyouwanttoknowthesexofyourbaby,andthehospitalispreparedtotellyou（somedon't）,thisscancanidentifythesex.

Yourbaby

Yourbabyisgrowingfasterthatatanyothertimeinitslife.Thebodygetsbigger,makingtheheadandbodymoreinproportion,andthefacebeginstolookmorehuman.Hair,eyelashesandeyebrowsarebeginningtogrow,buttheeyesstayclosed.Yourbabyhasitsownindividualfingerprintsnowthatthelinesontheskinofthefingershaveformed.

Tip:

toavoidpuffyfeetandankles,rotateyourfeetonyourankleswhensittingdown,andavoidcrossingyourlegs.Putyourfeetupwheneveryoucan.

Weeks22to26

You

Yourbumpisgrowing,you’regainingabout450g（1lb）aweek,andyourhearthasenlargedtocopewiththeextrabloodcirculatingaroundyourbody.

Ifyougetstretchmarksonyourstomach,breastsandthighs,you’llprobablynoticethemnow.Atfirst,theylookredandthenfadetosilver-grey,althoughtheyneverdisappearcompletely.Don’tbealarmedifyourbreastsstarttoleakalittlepre-milk.Thisisnormal.

Yourbaby

Thebabyweighsabout450g（1lb）,hasveryfragile,wrinkledskin,andnotmuchbodyfat.Althoughtheorgansarequitematureby24weeks,andthebrainisgrowingrapidly,thelungsarestilldevelopingtoprepareforbreathing.Ataround22weeks,yourbabybecomescoveredinafine,softhaircalledlanugo.Thisisthoughttokeepthebabyattherighttemperature.

Tip:

exerciseyourpelvicfloormusclestopreventstressincontinence（whichmeansyoucan’tcontrolyourweestream）afterthebirth.Squeezethemusclesyouwouldusetostopyourselfpeeing,holdfor10secondsthenrelax.Dothisinsetsof10atatime,regularlythroughouttheday.

Tip:

piles（haemorrhoids）areacommonproblemduringpregnancy.Avoidconstipationbydrinkingplentyofwaterandeatinglotsoffruitandvegetables.Don’ttakelaxativeswithoutconsultingyourmidwifeorGP.

Didyouknow?

Tellyourdoctorormidwifeif,atanystageofpregnancy,youget:

∙flashesbeforeyoureyes,

∙itchyorveryswollenhandsorfeet,

∙paininyourpelvis,abdomenorlegs,

∙nauseaandvomitingthatdoesn'tstop,or

∙bleeding.

∙Somewomenstartsnoringforthefirsttimewhenthey’repregnantbecausetheextraoestrogenmakesthemucousmembranesintheirnoseswell,causingcongestion.Thisshouldstopafterthebirth.

∙Skinmaybeextrasensitivetothesunduringpregnancy,souseasunprotectionfactor（SPF）creamofatleast15,andstayoutofthesunduringthehottestpartoftheday.

Thelastmonthsofpregnancy

You'rearound27weekspregnantandinthefinalstages.Here'swhat'shappening.

Watchavideoofacaesareanbirth,andhearanobstetricianandnewmumtalkaboutthesurgery

Weeks27to29

You

Youmaygetheartburn,andit’sprobablybecominghardtoeatlargemealsasyourbabygrowsandtakesupsomeofthespacewhereyourstomachnormallyis.

Youmayhaveswollenface,handsorfeet.Itmightbecausedbywaterretention,whichisnormal（tryresting,andliftingupswollenfeettoeaseit）.ButmentionanyswellingtoyourmidwifeorGPsothattheycantakeyourbloodpressureandruleoutaconditioncalledp