wuthering heights 呼啸山庄英语专业本科毕业论文.docx

wuthering heights 呼啸山庄英语专业本科毕业论文.docx

《wuthering heights 呼啸山庄英语专业本科毕业论文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《wuthering heights 呼啸山庄英语专业本科毕业论文.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

wutheringheights呼啸山庄英语专业本科毕业论文

ACommentontheRomanticisminWutheringHeights

PartOne.Introduction

TheEnglishfemalenovelistEmilyBronteisworld-renownedforherwonderfulnovel-WutheringHeights.Thisnovelisfamousforitsgothicstyleaswellasitslovetheme,whichattractreadersinanextrememethodandtechnique.Mostofitsreadersintendtoallocateitinto“horrorfiction”,becausetherearetoomanyhorribleplotsandterrifiedatmospherethatshadeitstenderemotiontosomedegree.Noonecanescapethecreepyfeelingfromthecontent;however,itisjustthepointthatreallyforgesitsreaders.Totakeitanotherway,thebackgroundofalovestorymixedwithsomedescriptionofnaturalscenerysoftensthehorriblefeeling.Everylovestoryhasitsromanticcolor,nomatterhowgloomyortragicitis,isanaffectionateandbeautifulcanto.

Thenwecanseesomethingspecialfromthenovel.Thenarrativetellsthetaleoftheall-encompassingandpassionate,yetthwartedlovebetweenHeathcliffandCatherineEarnshaw,andhowthisunresolvedpassioneventuallydestroysboththemselvesandmanyaroundthem.

First,itisalovetragedyfromwhichEmilypresentedalifeofadeformedsocietyanddrawstheoutlineofhumanitythatwaswarpedbytheabnormalsociety,andaseriesofterribleeventscausedbyit.Fromthisanglewecanlearnthatitsromanticingredientisrareespecially.

ThisthesiswillgiveadetailedcommentontheRomanisminWutheringHeightsbyanalyzingsomemaincharactersandtheenvironment,aswellasthewholebackgroundofthisnovel.

1.1TheIntroductionoftheAuthor

EmilyBrontëwasborninThornton,nearBradfordinYorkshire,toPatrickBrontëandMariaBranwell.ShewastheyoungersisterofCharlotteBrontëandthefifthofsixchildren.In1824,thefamilymovedtoHaworth,whereEmily'sfatherwasperpetualcurate,anditwasinthesesurroundingsthattheirliteraryodditiesflourished.Betweentheyears1824and1825EmilyattendedtheschoolatCowanBridgewithCharlotte,andthenwaslargelyeducatedathome.Inchildhood,afterthedeathoftheirmother,thethreesistersandtheirbrotherPatrickBranwellBrontëcreatedimaginarylands,whichwerefeaturedinstoriestheywrote.LittleofEmily'sworksfromthisperiodsurvived,exceptforpoemsspokenbycharacters.

In1838,EmilycommencedworkasagovernessatMissPatchett'sLadiesAcademyatLawHillSchool,nearHalifax,leavingafteraboutsixmonthsduetohomesickness.Later,withhersisterCharlotte,sheattendedaprivateschoolinBrusselsrunbyConstantinHegerandhiswife,ClaireZoëParentHeger.Theylatertriedtoopenupaschoolattheirhome,buthadnopupils.

Herfather'sbookshelfofferedavarietyofreading:

theBible,Homer,Virgil,Shakespeare,Milton,Byron,Scottandmanyothers.ThechildrenalsoreadenthusiasticallyarticlesoncurrentaffairsandintellectualdisputesinBlackwood'sEdinburghMagazine, Fraser'sMagazine,and EdinburghReview.

UnlikeCharlotte,Emilyhadnoclosefriends.Shewroteafewlettersandwasinterestedinmysticism.ItwasthediscoveryofEmily'spoetictalentbyCharlottethatledherandhersisterstopublishajointcollectionoftheirpoetryin1846,PoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell.Toevadecontemporaryprejudiceagainstfemalewriters,theBrontësistersadoptedandrogynousfirstnames.Allthreeretainedthesameinitials:

CharlottebecameCurrerBell,AnnebecameActonBellandEmilybecameEllisBell.

DuringtheirstayinBrusselsin1842,Emily'shealth,likehersisters',hadbeenweakenedbytheharshlocalclimateathomeandatschool.ShecaughtacoldduringthefuneralofherbrotherinSeptember,whichledtotuberculosis.Refusingmedicalhelp,shediedonDecember19th,1848atabouttwointheafternoon.

1.2TheBackgroundoftheNovel

In1847,shepublishedheronlynovel,WutheringHeights,astory-within-a-story,astwovolumesofathreevolumeset（thelastvolumebeingAgnesGreybyhersisterAnne）,didnotgainimmediatesuccessasCharlotte's JaneEyre.Itsinnovativestructuresomewhatpuzzledcritics.Althoughitreceivedmixedreviewswhenitfirstcameout,ithasacclaimedlaterfameasoneofthemostintensenovelswrittenintheEnglishlanguage,thebooksubsequentlybecameanEnglishliteraryclassic.In1850,CharlotteeditedandpublishedWutheringHeightsasastand-alonenovelandunderEmily'srealname.IncontrasttoCharlotteandAnne,whosenovelstaketheformofautobiographieswrittenbyauthoritativeandreliablenarrators,Emilyintroducedanunreliablenarrator,Lockwood.HeconstantlymisinterpretsthereactionsandinteractionsoftheinhabitantsofWutheringHeights.MorereliableisNellyDean,thehousekeeper,whohaslivedfortwogenerationswiththenovel'stwoprincipalfamilies,theEarnshawsandtheLintons.

1.3ASummationfortheContentoftheNovel

LockwoodisagentlemanvisitingtheYorkshiremoorswherethenovelisset.AtnightLockwooddreamsofhearingafell-firesermonandthen,awakening,herecordstapsonthewindowofhisroom."...Idiscerned,obscurely,achild'sfacelookingthroughthewindowterrormademecruel;and,findingituselesstoattemptshakingthecreatureoff,Ipulleditswristonthebrokenpane,andrubbedittoandfrotillthebloodrandownandsoakedthebedclothes:

stillitwailed,"Letmein!

"andmaintaineditstenaciousgripe,almostmaddeningmewithfear."（EmilyBronte,1999:

20）.ThehandsbelongtoCatherineLinton,whoseeerieappearanceechotheviolentturnsoftheplot.Inaseriesofflashbacksandtimeshifts,BrontëdrawsapowerfulpictureoftheenigmaticHeathcliff,whoisbroughttoHeightsfromthestreetsofLiverpoolbyMrEarnshaw.HeathcliffistreatedasEarnshaw'sownchildren,CatherineandHindley.AfterMr.Earnshaw'sdeathHeathcliffisbulliedbyHindleyandheleavesthehouse,returningthreeyearslater.MeanwhileCatherinemarriesEdgarLinton.Heathcliff’sdestructiveforceisunleashed.Catherinediesgivingbirthtoagirl,anotherCatherine.Heathcliffcurseshistruelove:

 "...CatherineEarnshaw,mayyounotrest,aslongasIamliving!

YousaidIkilledyouhauntmethen!

"（EmilyBronte,1999:

32）.HeathcliffmarriesIsabellaLinton,Edgar'ssister,whofleestothesouthfromherlovelessmarriage.TheirsonLintonandCatherinearemarried,butthealwayssicklyLintondies.Hareton,Hindley'sson,andtheyoungwidowbecameclose.Increasinglyisolatedandalienatedfromdailylife,Heathcliffexperiencesvisions,andhelongsforthedeaththatwillreunitehimwithCatherine.

PartTwo.RomanticisminWutheringHeights

2.1TheRomanticismReflectedintheNovel

Firsttheromanticismisamovementprevailinginthe19thcenturyinWesternWorldinliterature,artmusicandphilosophybeginningasareactionandprotestagainstthebondageofrulesandcustomsofneo-classicism.Itwasmarkedandisalwaysmarkedbyastoryreaction.Itreturnstonatureandplainhumanityformaterial.Itbringsaboutarenewedinterestinmedievalliterature.Itisalsomarkedbysympathyforpoorpeopleandthusadeepunderstandingtowardcommonpeople.Itisamovementexpressionofindividualoriginalityanddifferentpoetsrealizedtheirvariety.Adreamofgoldenageisestablishedagainststernrealities.Imaginationisthekeypoint.Onreflectingthereallife,romanticismmainlystartsfrompeople’ssubjectiveinnerworld,voicesthepursuittotheidealworld.Italwaysuseswordswithfullenthusiasmaswellastherosyimaginationandexaggerativedevicestoforgecharacters.Itisrightlytheenthusiasticaspirationtotheidealworldthatsuggeststhedissatisfactiontowardstherealworld.SotheromanticisminWutheringHeightsisnotaneasytopicatall.Insteadofbeingdessert―softlyyummycakesafterameal,itismorelikeaportionofpoison,arosyandfantasticdreammadebythosepeoplewhoeagertofindanoutletintherealworldbutinvain.

Sincethe1830s,eventhoughrealismgraduallybecomesthemainstreaminliteraryworld,theinfluenceofromanticliteraryhasn'trunout.Focusedonromanticfiction,romanticismisinterestedinbizarreandterror.Italwaysavoidsrealismthatisofpatientandcarefulobservation;instead,itlikestomakefulluseofimagination,likesthefiercewordsanddeeds,uglycharacterandabnormalpreference,andthissituationineverythingcanbefoundinWutheringHeightsofrichexamples.

Wecanmakeacontrastbetweenthefeaturesaboveandthecontentofthenovel.Emilywroteitinthe1840swhenromanticismwaspopularatitsmost.AlthoughWutheringHeightswasthoughttobearealisticworkbyalargenumberofpeople,it’sundeniablethatitmusthavebeeninfluencedbythegreattideofromanticism.Theromanticismhasatensiontonatureandtheoriginalhumanity,inanotherword;itappealstotheundecoratedthingsinlifeandlikestoexplorethedeepestinnerworldofpeopleinWutheringHeights,thereisagreatdealdescriptionofnatureandtheauthordoesn’thideherlovetothatbeautifulscenery.Andattheendofthenovel,Heathliffcommitssuicideafterhetookrevengeandreachedhispurpose.HisdeathisadeadlovethatexpresseshislovetowardsCatherinewillneverchangetillhisdeath,apursuittoloveinthedeterminationthatalthoughtheycan’tlivetogetherbuttheycanstruggletogetrotteninthesametomb.Thereviveofhishumanityisasublimeofspiritandshineswiththeauthor’shumanitarianideal,andalsogiveabeamofhopefullightinthehorriblelovetragedy.SoHeathcliff’slove—hatred―revenge―reviveofhumanity一isnotonlytheessenceofthenovelbutalsoaredlinethroughoutthestory.Thenastothesympathytowardsthepoor,th