山东省济南市高三二模考试针对性训练英语精校Word版含答案doc.docx

山东省济南市高三二模考试针对性训练英语精校Word版含答案doc.docx

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山东省济南市高三二模考试针对性训练英语精校Word版含答案doc

高三年级英语济南二模针对性训练

英语

本试卷共12页。

满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：

l．答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。

2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

3．非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

第一部分听力（30分）

做题时，可先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，合计7.5分）

听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Nathan，afreshmanstudentatSanMarinoHighSchoolinCalifornia，US，doesn’tlikedoinghouseworkanymorethananybodyelse．Buthesaiddoingitmadehimwonderwhyhotwaterworkedbetterthancoldwaterwhenwashingupafterdinner，andwhatmadesoapagoodcleaner．Theexperimentshedesignedtofigureoutthesethingsearnedhimthetopprizeatthe2016BroadcomMASTERS．

MASTERSstandsforMath，AppliedScience，TechnologyandEngineeringforRisingStars．Everyyear，theeventbringstogether30middleschoolstudentsfromaroundthecountrytosharetheirscienceprojects．

“Atfirst，Ithoughtthatmyideaswerenaive，”theteenagertoldStudentScience．“ButwhenIwaspresentedwiththisspecialaward，itprovedthatyounginventorscanactuallydealwithreal-worldproblems．”

InspiredbyreportsoftheDeepwaterHorizonoilspillintheGulfofMexico，heconnectedwashingdishestocleaningoilspills．“IdecidedthatIwantedtofindamethodforcleaningthat’sbothefficientandenvironmentallyfriendly，”NathantoldStudentScience．Sohecreatedhisownsetupformeasuringsurfacetension—ascientifictermthatreferstothetensionofalayerofliquid．Heendeduplearningwhysoapandhotwaterarebetterforcleaning，andawaytoremoveoilfromwater.

“Scienceandmathhelpyouunderstandtheworldaroundyou．Youcanlearnitfrombooksandteachers，butyoucanalsodiscoverityourselfbydoingscienceprojects．”Heevenplanstosellhissetuptoschools，sootherteenscandohisexperimentandlearnhistheory．

Whenaskedhissecrettosuccess，hesaidtokeepasciencefairprojectsimpleatfirst．“Breakdowntheproblemintosmaller，manageablesteps，sointhatway，youwillbeabletoknowwhatyoudoingandbuildonyourknowledgegradually．”

21．WhatdoweknowaboutNathan?

A．Heenjoysdoinghousework．

B．Hewantstocleanupoilspills．

C．Hefiguredouthowcleaningworked．

D．Hewonmanyprizesforhisfancyideas．

22．WhatcanbestdescribeNathan?

A．Generousandwealthy．

B．Curiousandcreative．

C．Lazybuttalented．

D．Politebutshy．

23．WhatisNathan’ssecrettosuccess?

A．Doingthingsstepbystep．

B．Doingscienceprojectsalone．

C．Workinghardatmathproblems．

D．Learningabouttheworldfrombooks．

B

ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy，butthewordpizzaisGreekinorigin，derivedfromtheGreekwordpēktosmeaningsolidorclotted．TheancientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandcheese．Thefirstmajorinnovationthatledtoflatbreadpizzawastheuseoftomatoasatopping．ItwascommonforthepooroftheareaaroundNaplestoaddtomatoestotheiryeast-basedflatbread，andsothepizzabegan．

Whileitisdifficulttosayforsurewhoinventedthepizza，itishoweverbelievedthatmodernpizzawasfirstmadebybakerRaffaeleEspositoofNaples．Infact，apopularurbanlegendholdsthatthearchetypal（原型的）pizza，PizzaMargherita，wasinventedin1889，whentheRoyalPalaceofCapodimonteaskedtheNeapolitanpizzaioloRaffaeleEspositotocreateapizzainhonorofthevisitingQueenMargherita．Ofthethreedifferentpizzashecreated，theQueenstronglypreferredapiewrappedinthecolorsoftheItalianflag：

red（tomato），green（basil），andwhite（mozzarella）．Supposedly，thiskindofpizzawasthennamedaftertheQueenasPizzaMargherita．

Later，thedishhasbecomepopularinmanypartsoftheworld：

■Thefirstpizzeria，AnticaPizzeriaPort'Alba，wasopenedin1830inNaples．

■InNorthAmerica，thefirstpizzeriawasopenedin1905byGennaroLombardiat53SpringStreetinNewYorkCity．

■ThefirstPizzaHut，thechainofpizzarestaurantsappearedintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930s．

■Nowadays，manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide，alongwithseveraldishvariantsbaseduponpizza．

24．What’smainlytalkedaboutinthetext?

A．WaysofmakingPizza．

B．ThehistoryofPizza．

C．VarietiesofPizza．

D．StoriesaboutPizza．

25．Whatcanreplacetheunderlinedword“derived”inParagraph1?

A．Separated．

B．Adapted．

C．Originated．

D．Transformed．

26．Howwaspizzafirststarted?

A．AncientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandcheese．

B．PeopleinNaplesaddedtomatoestotheirbreadasatopping．

C．RaffaeleEspositowrappedapieinthecolorsoftheIndianflag．

D．QueenMargheritaawardedhernametopizzaintheRoyalPalace．

27．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?

A．Pizzaremainspopulararoundtheworld．

B．ThefirstPizzaHutwasopenedinNaples．

C．Thetasteofpizzastaysthesameovertime．

D．GennaroLombardiwasthefirsttomakepizza．

C

TheAmazonbasinregionishometoabout2．5millioninsectspecies，tensofthousandsofplants，andsome2，000birdsandmammals．Todate，atleast40，000plantspecies，3，000fish，1，294birds，427mammals，428amphibians，and378reptileshavebeenscientificallyclassifiedintheregion．OneinfiveofallthebirdsintheworldliveintherainforestsoftheAmazon.

Thewarmwetforestshavebeeninexistencefor55millionyears，andthrivedevenduringglacialperiods，allowingfortheevolutionofanunbelievablediversityofspecies，Radiocarbondating（放射性碳年代测定）hasrevealedtreesof10centimeterdiametertobemorethan300yearsold，andsometreesover1，000yearsold，indicatingthatuntouchedforestscanexperienceunbelievablelongevity．

ThefirsthumaninhabitantsarethoughttohavesettledintheAmazonregionabout11，200yearsago．Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury，bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves，killingperhapsasmanyas90％oftheindigenousinhabitants（土著居民）．Bythelate17thcenturytheAmazonbasinwascontrolledbyPortugueseandSpanishexplorers．

TheAmazonrainforesthasbeendescribedasthelungsofourplanetbecauseofitsimportantroleinrecyclingcarbondioxideintooxygen.Butduetodeforestation（采伐森林），coverthan5%oftheEarthlandsurface，andexpertsbelievethatthisraintorestsnowcoverlessthantheEarth’slandsurface，andexpertsbelievethatthisisabigcontributortoglobalclimatechange．Severedeforestationbeganinthe20thcentury，with587，000squarekilometerslostuptotheyear2000．Mostdeforestedlandisusedforgrasslandtoraisefarmanimalsandagriculture．Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40％intwodecades．

28．WhyarethefiguresmentionedinParagraph1?

A．Toprovetheforestuntouched．

B．Toclassifyspeciesscientifically．

C．Toshowthediversityofspecies．

D．ToattractmoreattentiontoAmazon.

29．WhydidmostindigenousinhabitantsintheAmazonregiondie?

A．Europeanexplorersbroughtdiseasesthere．

B．Portugueseexplorerstreatedthembadly．

C．Alotoftreeswerecutdownandburned．

D．TheygotkilledbySpanishexplorers．

30．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAmazonrainforest?

A．Ithasthelargestnumberofspecies．

B．Itcoversover5％ofSouthAmerica．

C．Itisbecominglargerinarea．

D．Itisbeingendangerednow．

31．Whatmaybeincludedinthefollowingparagraph?

A．Examplesofdestroyingforests．

B．Measurestoprotectrainforests．

C．NewsettlementsinAmazon．

D．Waystostopglobalwarming．

D

Passwordfatigue（疲劳）isthefeelingexperiencedbymanypeoplewhoarerequiredtorememberanincreasingnumberofpasswordsaspartoftheirdailyroutine，suchastologontoacomputeratwork，undoabicyclelockorconductbankingfromanATM.

TheincreasingimportanceofinformationtechnologyandtheInternetinemployment，finance，recreationandotheraspectsofpeople’slives，andthefollowingintroductionofsecuredealtechnology，hasledtopeopleaccumulatingasuddenincreaseinaccountsandpasswords．AccordingtoasurveyofBritishonline-securityconsultantNTAMonitor，thetypicalregularcomputeruserhas21accountsthatrequireapassword．

Otherthingscausingpasswordfatigueare：

demandsthatausercreateanewpasswordthatusesparticularpatternofletters，numbersandspecialcharacters；demandsthattheusertypethenewpasswordtwice；blindtyping，bothwhenrespondingtoapasswordimmediatelyandwhensettinganewpassword．

Asidefromcontributingtostress，passwordfatiguemayencouragepeopletoadopthabitsthatreducethesecurityoftheirprotectedinformation．Forexample，anaccountholdermightusethesamepasswordforseveraldifferentaccounts，deliberatelychooseeasy-to-rememberpasswordsthataremorelikelytobesolved，orrelyonwrittenrecordsoftheirpasswords．

Passwordfatiguewilltypicallyaffectusers，butcanalsoaffecttechnicaldepartmentswhomanageuseraccountsastheyareconstantlyresettingpasswords．Thissituationendsuploweringconfidenceandenthusiasminbothcases．

Somecompaniesarewellorganizedinthisrespect，andhaveemployedalternativemethodsoradoptedtechnologiessothatauser’scertificatesareenteredautomatically，butothersmaynotfocusoneaseofuseorevenworsenthesituationbyconstantlycarryingoutnewapplicationswiththeirowncertificationsystem．

32．WhatisthemainideaofParagraphs2?

A．Reasonsforpasswordfatigue．

B．Definitionofpasswordfatigue．

C．RolesoftheInternetindailylife．

D．Asurveyo