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李阳的论文
河南理工大学本科生毕业论文
OnBlanche’sJourneytoDementia
论布兰琪痴呆之旅
院系:
河南理工大学外国语系
专业:
英语
学生姓名:
李阳
学号:
0412010428
指导教师:
周长军
2008年6月
Contents
Acknowledgements...............................................................................I
Abstract................................................................................................II
摘要.....................................................................................................III
1Introduction.......................................................................................1
2Blanche'slifejourneyfromdesiretodementia..............................3
2.1Tenserelationshipwithpeoplearoundurgedhertomadness......4
2.1.1BlancheandStanley:
TwoPolarOpposite.............................4
2.1.2BlancheandStanley:
TwoSouthernGentlewomen...............7
2.1.3BlancheandMitch:
TwoLonelySouls..................................9
3.Abruisedsoul—thepersonalandautobiographicaltragedy...12
3.1Blanche’slife:
incompletionanddesperation...........................12
3.2Desire—themaindrivingforce.................................................14
4.Socialrealitythatforcedhertothebrokenworld......................16
4.1OldSouthvs.NewSouth..........................................................16
4.2TheinevitabilityofBlanche’sdementia....................................16
5.Conclusion......................................................................................17
References...........................................................................................20
Acknowledgements
Iwouldliketothankallthosewhohavegivenmetheirgeneroushelps,commitmentandenthusiasm,whichhavebeenthemajordrivingforcetocompletethecurrentpaper.
Intheprocessofcompilingthispaper,IrefertomanyliteratureonBlanche’sjourneytodementia.Sothanktotheauthorsoftheseliteraturefromthebottomofmyheart.ThankstotheseexcellentauthorsandtheirwonderfulworksthatIcouldwritemypaperfluently.Theynotonlyprovidemetheessentialinformationandmaterials,butalsogivemegoodexamplesonhowtowriteapaper.
EspeciallyMr.Zhou,whotakeupanappointmentintheForeignDepartmentofHenanPolytechnicUniversity.Hegivesmemanyworthyadviceandsupervisesmetofinishthispaper.
Lastly,thanksshouldbegiventomyclassmatesandfriendswhospenttheirvaluabletimelisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmypromblesduringthedifficultcourseofthepaper,alsofortheirhelpduringmyfouryearsofstudyhere.
Abstract
TennesseeWilliamsisoneofthegreatestAmericanDramatists.HewontwoRockfellerPrizes,theGoldMedalforDramafromtheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLettersandtheNationalInstituteofArtsandLetters,theMedalofHonorforLiteratureofArtsClub,andtwohonorarydoctorates.WilliamswashonoredbyPresidentCarteratKennedrCenterin1979.Williams’sgreatestachievementisAStreetcarNamedDesire(hereinafter,Streetcar),whichpremieredattheEthelBarrymoreTheatreinNewYorkonDecember3,1947.ThewriterofthisthesistriestounderstandallkindsofreasonsthatleadBlanchetodementia.Here,thisthesisfocusesonthefollowingreasons:
tenserelationshipwithpeoplearound;herlifeofincompletionanddesperation;desire;socialreality.BytheanalysisofBlanche'sjourneyfromdesiretodementia,wecanseethattheinevitabilityandsymbolicalmeaningsofBlanche’sdestinationisdoomed.
Keywords:
TennesseeWilliams;AStreetcarNamedDesire;Blanche;desire;demenia
论布兰琪痴呆之旅
摘要
本文作者尝试从以下几个方面理解《欲望号街车》中布兰琪从欲望走向痴呆的过程,它们分别是:
布兰琪与其周围人们的紧张关系;布兰琪绝望的生活;不节制本能的欲望;社会现实,尤其是新南方和旧南方的对立这一社会现实,被认为是布兰琪走向痴呆过程中最为主要的原因。
布兰琪不可避免并且富有象征意义的命运最终被验证。
关键词:
田纳西.威廉斯;欲望号街车;布兰琪;欲望;痴呆
1.Introduction
IfsuchplaywrightasEugeneO`Neill,SusanGlaspell,andThorntonWilderdominateAmericantheatreinthefirsthalfofthetwentiescentury,andArthurMiller,EdwardAlbee,SamShepard,andamongmanyothers,DavidMametthesecondhalf,TennesseeWilliamsanimatesthemiddleyearsofthecentury.HewontwoRockefellerPrizes,theGoldMedalforDramafromtheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLettersandtheNationalInstituteofArtsandLetters,theMedalofHonorforLiteraturefromtheNationalArtsClub,andtwohonordoctorates.WilliamswashonoredbyPresidentCenterin1979.
WhatmanyregardasWilliams’sgreatestachievementisAStreetcarNamedDesire(hereinafter,Streetcar),whichpremieredattheEthelBarrymoreTheatreinNewYorkonDecember3,1947.Itranforanunprecedented855performancesandbecamethefirstplayevertowinallthreemajorawards,thePulitzerPrize,theNewYorkDramaCritic’sAward,andtheDonaldsonAward,andthiscatapultedWilliamstothefrontofAmericanDramatist.In1996,thethirty-two-centUnitedStatespostagestampwasissuedincommemorationofTennesseeWilliams,featuringaportraitofWilliamsinawhitelinensuitagainstatwilightskyand,inthebackground,astreetcar.ThechoiceofthestreetcarastheonlyelementinthedesignthatcanbespecificallytiedtooneofWilliams’splaystestifiestothecentralityAStreetcarNamedDesireinhisdramaticcanonaswellasintheAmericanculturalconsciousness.
Frombeginningtoendorhislongandillustriouscareer,TennesseeWilliamswroteabouttheextremesituationsofhumanlife,especiallyof“solitarymisfits”(Tischler,529),entangledbytheissuersofalienation,lonelinessinsearchofpurpose,thaweddesire,insanity,depression,alcoholism,abuse,violence,tornfamiliesandhomophobia.AsWilliamsoncewrote:
Everyartisthasabasicpremisepervadinghiswholelife,andthatpremisecanprovidetheimpulsetoeverythinghecreates.Formethedominatingpremisehasbeentheneedforunderstandingandtendernessandfortitudeamongindividualstrappedbycircumstances.(Williams,“Person-to-Person”77).
Onanotheroccasionhesaid:
“Ihaveonlyonemajorthemeformyworkwhichisthedestructiveimpactofsocietyonthesensitivenon-conformistindividual”.(Letter,1939,toAudreyWood).WhatisinterestingtonoteisthatinWilliams’splaysthe“non-conformist”individualstrappedbycircumstances”areoftenwomen.AndBlanche,theprotagonistinAStreetcarNamedDesireisoneofthem.
IntheprefacetoStreetcar,WilliamsquotesthefifthstanzaofHartCrane’s1932poemTheBrokenTowerastheepigraphoftheplay:
AndsoitwasIwhoenteredthebrokenworld
Totracethevisionarycompanyofloveitsvoice
Aninstantinthewind(Iknownotwhitherhurled)
Butnotforlongtoholdeachdesperatechoice
Williamsandhisoutcastcharactersareinasensethebrokenpeopleinthebrokenworld.Blanche,aprimprostitute,isWilliams’sprototypicalheroinetrappedbytheharshpragmaticsofthemodernworld—abrokenonetoher—representedbyStanley,herantagonist.Blanche’scomplexityandherinnerdisharmony,togetherwithherconflictswithpeoplesuchasStanleywhodon’tunderstandher,givestheplayaparticulartensionthatislastingandthoughtprovoking.ThispapermainlyconcernsabouthowBlanchewentfromdesiretodementiatobetterunderstandthedeepconnotationsandprobeintothedeterminatefactorsforhertragedy.
Thestructureofthispaperisasfollows.ItbeginswithabriefreviewofBlanche’slifejourneywhichisfromdesiretodementia.Followingthat,thetenserelationshipsbetweenherandStanley,StellaandMitchareprovidedrespectively.ThepersonalandautobiographicaltragedyofBlanche,abruisedsoul,isanalyzedinChapter3.NextinChapter4,thesocialrealityisstudied,andthefocusisontheOldSouthandtheNewSouth,whichisconsideredasthemainfactorsforcingBlanchetodementia.Finally,theinevitabilityandsymbolicalmeaningsofBlanche’sdestinationisexamined.
2.Blanche’slifejourneyfromdesiretodementia
AStreetcarNamedDesireconcernsthejourneyofBlancheDubois,amiddle-agedSouthernspinster,whocomestostaywithhersisterStella,andherhusband,StanleyandendswithBlanchesenttotheinstitution.AstheplayhasasitsaxisBlanche’sjourneythatbeginswithherarrival,progresseswithherstayintheKowalski’sandconcludeswithherdeparture,theremaybethreesymbolsthatdefineherjourney:
Death,DesireandDementia,assuggestedbyherfirstlineinreferencetothestreetcarsthatbroughtherhere:
“TheytoldmetotakeastreetcarnamedDesire,andthentransfertoonecalledCemeteriesandridesixblocksandgetoffat—ElysianField!
”(I—15)
2.1Tenserelationshipwithpeoplearoundurgedhertomadness
2.1.1BlancheandStanley:
TwoPolarOpposite
“Heactslikeananimal,hasananimal’shabits!
...Something-ape-likeabouthim!
...Thousandsandthousandsofyearshavepassedhimrightby:
andhereheis—StanleyKowalski—survivoroftheStoneAge!
”(Williams,AStreetcarNamedDesire72)
------Blanche,IV-72
ThefirsttimeIlaideyesonhimIthoughttomyself,thatmanismyexecutioner!
Thatmanwilldestroyme…”
------Blanche,VI-93
“ButSisterBlancheisnolily!
Ha-ha!
Somelilysheis!
”
------Stanley,VII-99
“We’vehadthisdatewitheachotherfromthebeginning!
”
------Stanley,X-1
AStreetcarNamedDesireisaplayteemingwithconflicts,subtleorobvious,amongthecharacters.ThecenterandsouseoftheswirlingconflictsisBlanche’sDubois.TheplayisbuiltonthewholegomutiofherexperienceinNewOrleans,beginningwithherdeparture.HerStrifewithStanley,hersisterlyrelationshipwithStellaandhershort-livedromancewithMitchconstitutethemainmastoftheplay.Amidstthemuti-facetedconflictstheantagonismbetweenthetwopolaropposites,BlancheandStanley,comestothefore.