中英禁忌习俗比较商务英语毕业论文.docx

中英禁忌习俗比较商务英语毕业论文.docx

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中英禁忌习俗比较商务英语毕业论文

中国某某某某学校

学生毕业设计（论文）

题目：

中英禁忌习俗比较

姓名：

0000000000000

班级、学号：

00000000

系（部）：

经济管理系

专业：

商务英语

指导教师：

00000000000

开题时间：

2009-04-10

完成时间：

2009-11-08

2008年11月08日

毕业设计任务书…………………………………………………1

毕业设计成绩评定表……………………………………………2

答辩申请书……………………………………………………3-5

正文……………………………………………………………6-27

答辩委员会表决意见……………………………………………28

答辩过程记录表…………………………………………………29

课题：

中英禁忌习俗比较

一、课题（论文）提纲

引言

1.禁忌的定意

2.社交禁忌比较

2.1握手禁忌

2.2交流禁忌

2.3语言禁忌

2.4舞会上怎样不失礼

2.5餐桌上的礼节忌讳

3.隐私禁忌比较

4.节日禁忌比较

5.迷信禁忌比较

6．数字忌讳比较

7.送礼禁忌比较

结束语

二、内容摘要

不同的国家地区有不同的文化差异，既然有着文化差异那么对待某些事情的看法就存在着不同。

我们常说中西文化差异，也就是说我们在文化习俗方面有着很大的区别，因此在对事情的看法和做法上都不相同，也就形成了我们各自的文化习俗。

有些事情在我们中国认为是可行但是在一些英语国家觉得这是不能做的。

相反，英语国家认为能过做的事情我们却觉得那是不允许的，因此出现了各自的禁忌。

那英语国家跟中国究竟存在哪些习俗禁忌呢。

本文从不同的角度对英语国家与中国的习俗禁忌进行了比较，如，从社交禁忌、节日禁忌、迷信禁忌等多方面进行了比较。

其中在社交禁忌中，又从隐私禁忌、握手禁忌交流禁忌这几处进行了比较。

通过这些比较让大家对中西文化禁忌有所了解，从而能在日后生活中有所帮助尤其是在商务来往中。

三、参考文献

[1]唐纳.西方禁忌大观[M].上海：

上海人民出版社，1992

[2]郁龙余.中西文化异同论[M].北京：

三联书店出版社,1989.

[3]任骋.中国民间禁忌[M].北京：

中国社会科学出版社，1991

[4]张旭.理论观察[M].广州：

中山大学出版社，2006

ComparisonofCustomsofTaboos

inChinaandEnglish-speakingCountries

00000000

Abstract：

Therearedifferentcultureinthedifferentcountriesandareas,sinceithasthedifferenceculturalsothereisdifferenceviewstotreatsomematter's.WeoftensaidthatChinacultureandtheWestculturearealwayshavedifference,thatistosaywehavetheverybigdifferenceintheaspectofculturalcustom,thereforetheviewandtheprocedurearenotthesameonthematter,whichAlsoformedourowncultureandcustoms.TherearesomethingswebelievethatitisfeasibleinourChina,buttheEnglish-speakingcountriesthinkthatiscannotbedone.Onthecontrary,English-speakingcountriesbelievedthatiscanbedonewhilewethinkthatitisnotallowed,soitcomesoutowntaboos.ThoughwhatarethecustomsoftabooexistinEnglish-speakingcountriesandChina？

InthispaperfromdifferentperspectivescomparedabouttheEnglish-speakingcountriesandChina'scustomstaboos,suchasfromthesocialtaboos,festivalstaboo,superstitiontaboosandotheraspectswerecompared.Inwhichthesocialtaboosiscomparedfromfewaspects.Forexample,privacyoftaboosandshookhandsoftaboosandexchangeoftaboosetc.Bythesecomparisonssothatwecanunderstandtheculturaltaboos,whichcanbehelpfullaterinlife,especiallyinthebusinessdealings.

Keywords:

Taboo;compare;English-speakingcountries;China

Introduction

Inpeople'ssocialinteraction,especiallyexchangesofInterculturalusuallyencountersomeverysensitiveissues,whichistaboo.Itislikeaninvisiblepreceptsmaketheofthepeople'slanguageandbehaviortobeshackled,itisamajorobstacleincommunicationofIntercultural.

Generallyspeaking,the"taboo"istheconceptofcustoms.ItwiththeProhibitionofthelegalsystemandtheword"no"onthemoralstandardssenseallofthesehaveaverycleardistinction.Incustoms,thebanoflikethe"taboo"issetupbasedontheCommonbeliefs.Self（Igroup）duetofeelfeartheresultinthe"restrain"selfisthebasiccomponentsoftaboo,anditholdadominantpositioninthetaboo.Entiremeaningof"ban",isfromthecommontaboo,andfromthecollectiveconsciousnessofthe"self-inhibition"notexist“theimpositionofwill"and"insistontheconcept."isdoesnotexist.Theprocessoftabooimplementationmustbethroughthemind,andthereforeitbelongstoprohibitedformunderthenaturalstateoffolk.So,theycanbealsodirectlycalled"folktaboo",thatis,wediscussedthe"taboo"wordisthesameas"folkgoes.Theyaredistinguishedbythelegalsystemorcodeofethicsoftheotherprohibitedforms.

Eachlanguagehasowntaboos,suchas:

English-speakingcountriesbogeyfigure13.AccordingtotheBIBLErecordedthatatthelastsupper,JudasbetrayedJesusisthe13thonthetable,sothe13isamainculpritinnumber.Asaresult,thereisno13throomontherestaurant,andinvitinggueststaboo13people,andtheimportanteventstoavoidthemonthly13.AnotherexampleintheAnglo-AmericanandotherWesterncountries,theblackcatshasbeenregardedasatabooanimal.Ifthepeoplefaceablackcatacrossthestreetandtowardsthem,whichwouldbeheraldimpendingcatastrophe.Inaddition,theyarenotverylikeanelephant.WhenyoudealingwiththeBritish,andyouneedtoknowthemainfolktaboosofBritishalsohavethefollowingfive:

First,tabooinpublicsneezing,secondtabooisusethesamematchconsecutivelitthreecigarettes,thirdisatabootheyleavetheirshoesonthetable,fourisataboointhehouseumbrella,fiveisthetaboowalkfromthebaseoftheladder.InChina,taboo4,because"four"soundslike"death"isnotpropitious.Ancestor'snameandthenamesofelderscannotbedirectlyaddressedhimwithoutconcealinganything.DuringtheSpringFestivalpeoplewouldliketosaygoodwords,andbogeycursethechild,thetraditionalbeliefthatifthechildrenstartedtosuffertheverbalabuse,sheorheshouldpayawholeyearcurse.Chinesepeopleareusedtoeatwithchopsticks,sothere’resometaboosaboutyouusechopsticksatthedinnertable.ThispaperfromvariousaspectscomparedtaboosoftheEnglish-speakingcountriesandChina.Itisnotonlycomparedfromthesocialtaboosbutalsofromtheprivacyoftaboos,festivalstaboos,languagetaboos,andmanyothersides.SothatmakespeopleunderstandtaboosoftheEnglish-speakingcountriesandChina

1.Themeaningoftaboo

Thereasonofinthetraditionalcustomorsocialcustomweshouldtoavoidusingsomewordsordoingsomeact,whichistaboo.

Tabooasthepsychologicaltraditionofcoreoffaithisahumanuniversallypossessedaculturalphenomenon.Itcondensedthehumanpsychologyoriginal,desireandfantasy,andreflectingthesocialspiritualculturalwiththelevelofthematerialculturalandethnic,timesofspiritculturalguide.Weareliveinthenetworksoftaboo.

Taboos,ontheonehandarereferringto"sacred"or"unclean"and"dangerous"things;ontheotherhand,itreferstoaprohibition,thatiswordandbehaviorare"prohibited"orpsychologicalbe"inhibited"inakindofbehaviorcontrolmode.Likethiskindofthingsandsuchabanisentirelyinterlinkedbetweenthem,andactuallytheyarethesamethingnottwodifferentthings,becausetheproductionofsuchabanactuallyisresultfrompeople'sawarenessofsuchaclassofthings（mentalreflection）.So,inotherwords,tabooissacred,dirty,anddangerousthings,andbecauseoftheirattitudesoftowardstabooformedsomesortofban.

2.ComparisonofSocialtaboos

Customisformedinsocialinteractionofpeople.Besideslanguage,peoplehavemanyotheraspectsofinteraction.Inthemanyofcommunicationprocess,everyonefoundthemselfproperlocationandmannerofsocialexistence,andincorporatedthemselfintotheframeworkofacertainsocialcustoms.Thatis,peoplewillbeincompliancewiththemanyaspectsofsocialTaboos.Whetherconsciouslyornot,

IntheEnglish-speakingcountries,themanvisitingapersonsubjecttopriorappointment,andtabooasurprisevisit.Otherwise,therespondentswillfelledunhappy,becausethissuddencallcausedthemagreatinconvenienceanddisruptedherorhisworkscheme.Visitsomeoneyoushouldontime,butbytheconvention,inparticularbytovisitingadinnerorparty,theAmericanhabitoflate3-5minutestoarriveand10minuteslateisnoproblem,whichistogivethehostessalittletimetomakeup.AlthoughitisnottaboointheChinathesurprisevisit,andtherespondentswouldnotfeelunhappy,butwhenyougotovisityouhadbettertotelltheownerinadvancesothatitwillnotcauseownerinconvenienceandcanalsogivethescheduledtimetotherespondentsformakingarrangementinadvance.

2.1Handshaketaboo

Chineseusuallyshakehandswiththerighthand,andthegestureshouldbegenerousnature,lookateachotherwithasmile.Yourhandusealittlepowerwithshakingupanddownslightlyandyoumustbeavoidcasual,lookaround,ornodbothhands.Handshakeorderis:

bytheowner,olderpersons,thehigherstatus,andLadiesfirstreachout,fortheguests,youngpersons,thelowstatusofpersons,andmenwhenyoumeetwiththemyoushouldfirstgreetingandwaittheothersideheldouthishandandthenyougrip.Donotcrossshakehandswithpeoplewhenyouneedtoshakehandswithmanypeople,youshouldwaitforothersfinishshakehandsthenreachoutyourhand.Donotsittoshakehandswithothers.WhenyouShakehandsyourhandshouldn’tdirty,Ifyoumeetwithpeoplewhenyouweargloves,theglovesshouldbeoffonthelefthand,thenshakehandstoshowcourtesy.Ifmenandwomenshakinghands,thewomandidnotoffgloves,themancanalsodidn’toffgloves.Tosubordinatesoryounger,youshouldenthusiasticinitiativelystretchyourhand,toshowyourcareandeasytoapproach.whenyouMetoldcolleaguesandoldfriendsoroldclassmates,yourhandsshouldbefarawayextendedandclaspother’shand,handshaketaboothattheabovementionedisthesameintheEnglish-speakingcountries,butthere’salittlebitdifferenttheycannotshakehandsatthesametimewiththreepeoplebecausetheyaretaboo3.

2.2Communicatetaboo

Thereareoftendifferentcommunicationmethodsandcharacteristicsondifferentoccasions.InChina'ssocialoccasionsshouldavoidunnecessarycontroversy.Argumentiseasytohurtother’sself-esteem,sotheotherwouldbedisgustedwithyou.Ingeneral,argueundertheunnecessarysituationisnotdesirable.Becausemanyideas,plansetcisnotnecessarilyusedawayofarguetoget.Don’tusethetypeofquestiontone.ThetypeofQuestionedtoneoftenhasacert