概要写作记叙文说明文范文及练习.docx
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概要写作记叙文说明文范文及练习
概要写作记叙文、说明文范文及练习
例
(一)
Mikeisnotatraditionalexplorer(探险者).Yethisjobcansometimesbejustasexcitinganddangerousasbeinganexplorer.
MikeworksforMSF,anorganizationalsoknownasDoctorsWithoutBorders(无国界医生).MSFsendstraineddoctorsallovertheworldtohelppeopleafterawaroradisaster.MikeisadoctorfromFrancewhohastravelledtomanyplatestoorganizeprogramsthathelppeople.
Atthemoment,thereare27,000trainedmedicalstafftakingpartinMSFtasks.TheorganizationreceivedtheNobelPeacePrize.AllkindsofdoctorscanvolunteerforMSF.Theyneedtobepreparedtogoalmostanywhereintheworldandofcoursedoctorswithexperienceintropical(热带)diseasesareespeciallyusefulbecausemostofMSF’sworkisinAfrica.Whendoctorscompletedafewtasks,theymightbesentonanemergencytaskfollowingadisastersuchasanearthquake.
ButwhywouldadoctorleaveacomfortablelifeandagoodsalarytojoinMSF?
AccordingtoMike,theexperienceyougainisagreathelpinyourcareer.Besides,justliketheexplorersofthepast,youneedtokeepanopenmindandlearntomixwellwiththepeopleyoumeet.Mostimportantly,attheendofeachtask,youhavemadearealdifferencetopeople’slives.
体裁:
记叙文
Who,
What–hisjob
Thereview(评价)ofhisjob
What①
What②
What③
where
Why:
记叙文注意抓住时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因及结果(why),尤其是发生的事件。
例
(二)
Peoplewholiveinthecountrysidegenerallylivelongerthanthosewholiveinthecity.Anumberofreasonsmayhelpexplainthispoint.
Tostartwith,farmersareinclosecontactwithnature.Theybreathefreshair.Theymakefriendswithtreesandstones,cowsanddogs.Theylistentothesongsofbirds.Theyfightwithstrongwinds.Thiscontactwithnatureisgoodforthehealthofbothbodyandspirit.
Next,hardphysicalworkkeepsfarmersfitandhealthy.Itiswidelybelievedthatfarmerssufferfromfarlessdiseasesthanpeopleinthecity.Therearemanydiseasesthatarecommoninthecity,butnotinthecountryside.Forexample,near-sightednessisalmostunknowntofarmers.Besides,beingfreefromurbanpressuredoesgoodtothehealthoffarmers.
Moreover,becausetherearelesscars,motorcarsandotherkindsofvehiclesinthecountryside,onecanwalkmorefreelywithoutbeingafraidofaccidents.Theenvironmentisbetterinthecountryside,whichmakesthefarmersliveaquietandpeacefullife.
Thefarmerscanalsogetfreshgrain,vegetables,fruitsandmilkeasily.Theyenjoytheseadvantagesthatpeoplelivinginthecitycannot.
体裁:
议论文
结构:
总分
作者观点:
论点①
论点②
论点③
论点④
论点⑤
总结句,呼应观点
例(三)
Farmersusedifferentkindsofsoilconservationmethodstoprotecttheirlandfromdamagebyfarmingandtheforcesofnature.Oneimportantformofsoilconservationistheuseofwindbreaks(防风林).
Windbreaksarebarriersformedbytreesandotherplantswithmanyleaves.Farmersplanttheminlinesaroundtheirfields.Windbreaksstopthewindfromblowingsoilaway.Theyalsokeepthewindfromdestroyingordamagingcrops.Theyareveryimportantforgrowinggrains,suchaswheat.
TherehavebeenstudiesdoneonwindbreaksinpartsofWestAfrica.Itisfoundthatgrainharvestscanbe20%higherinfieldsprotectedbywindbreakscomparedtofieldswithoutsuchprotection.
However,windbreaksseemtoworkbestwhentheyallowalittlewindtopassthrough.Ifthewalloftreesandplantsstopswindcompletely,thenviolentairmovementswilltakeplaceclosetotheground.Thesemovementswillliftsoilintotheairwhereitwillbeblownaway.Forthisreason,awindbreakisbestifithasonly60%to80%ofthetreesandplantsneededtoformasolidline.
Aneasyroletorememberisthatwindbreakscanprotectareasuptotentimestheheightofthetallesttreesinthewindbreaks.Thereshouldbeatleasttwolinesineachwindbreak.Onelineshouldbelargetrees.Thesecondline,rightnexttoit,canbeshortertreesandotherplantswithleaves.Locallygrowntreesandplantsarebestforwindbreaks.
体裁:
说明文
说明对象:
Windbreak
1目的、用途
2构成
3功能,作用
(2个)
4注意事项
练习
实战练习
(一)
OnehotnightlastAugust,ItriedeverythingIcouldthinkof—awarmbottle,songs,etc.tomakehimfallintosleep,buthejustcouldn’tdoit.SinceIbelievedthatalongnightwaswaitingformeahead,IhadnochoicebuttobringaTVintohisroomtokilloffthehoursuntildawn.IwassurprisedthatthemomentIturnedontheTV,thebabybecamequietrightawayandfixedhislittleeyesbrightlyonthescreen.Notwillingtowasteanopportunityforsleep,Ithentiptoed(用脚失走)outoftheroom,leavinghimtowatchtheboringTVprograms.
Iheardnomoreofthebaby’scryingthatnightandthenextmorningwhenIwentintohisroom,IfoundhimstillwatchingTVbyhimself.Ifoundtherewasametaphor(暗喻)inmybaby’sbehaviorforthenewgeneration.WhenIgavemyboysomebookstogoover,heonlyspituponthem;whenIreadtohim,hedidnotfeelcomfortable.Soisitintheschoolswithmystudents.Ifindthatourstudentsdon’treadandtheylookdownuponreadingandmakelightofthoseofuswhoteachit.AlltheywanttodoistowatchTV.Afterthisexperiencewiththebaby,however,Ihavedrawnaconclusion:
“Letthemwatchit!
”Iftelevisionismuchmoreattractivetochildrenthanbooks,whyshouldwefightagainstit?
Letthemwatchwhattheywant!
实战练习
(二)
Moreandmorepeoplelikebicyclinganditisnosurprise.Itisfun,healthyandgoodfortheenvironment.Maybethat’swhythereare1.4billionbicyclesandonly400millioncarsonroadsworldwidetoday.
Bikescantakeyoualmostanywhere,andthereisnooilcost!
Getonabicycleandridearoundyourneighbourhood.Youmaydiscoversomethingnewallaroundyou.Stoppingandgettingoffabikeiseasierthanstoppingandgettingoutofyourcar.Youcanbiketoworkandbenefitfromtheenjoyableexercisewithoutpollutingtheenvironment.Youdon’tevenhavetoridealltheway.
Foldingbikesworkwellforpeoplewhotakethetrain.Justfoldthebikeandtakeitwithyou.Youcandothesameonanairplane.Afoldingbikecanbepackedinasuitcase.Youcanalsotakeacommonbikewithyouwhenyoufly.Butbesuretolookforinformationbygettingonairlinewebsites.Notallairlinesarebicycle-friendlytotravelers.
HealthBenefitsofBicycling:
Ithelpstopreventheartdiseases.Bicyclinghelpstocontrolyourweight.A15-minutebikeridetoandfromworkthreetimesaweekbumsofffivekilosoffatinayear.Bicyclingcanimproveyourmood.Exerciselikebicyclinghasbeenshowntomakepeoplefeelbetter,morerelaxedandself-confident.Bicyclingishealthierthandriving.
实战练习(三)
Understandingbodylanguageisimportanttosuccess,whetherinthebusinessworldorinourpersonallives.However,someofourideasaboutbodylanguagearewrong,accordingtomoderncommunicationresearch.
Thereisabeliefthatpeoplewithshifty(变化的)eyesareprobablylying.AsPaulEkmansays,“Whenweaskedpeoplehowtheycouldtellifsomeonewaslying,toomuchblinking(眨眼)andshiftyeyesweretheanswers.”Ekmangoesontoargueagainstsuchawrongbelief.Althoughthiskindofbodylanguageisprobablyanexpressionofnervousness,itisnotalwaysbecausethepersonislying.Shynesscan,forexample,makepeopleshifttheireyes.Tounderstandwhatsomeone’sbehaviormeans,youhavetowatchthemcarefully.
Thereisalsoabeliefthatwhenmeetingsomeone,themoreeyecontact,thebetter.Asaresultpeoplewouldliketomakeinitial(开始的)contactinformalsituations,likeajobinterview,bystaringfixedlyattheotherhuman.YetEkmanpointsoutthatmostofusarecomfortablewitheyecontactlastingafewseconds,butanyeyecontactthatislongerthanthatcmmakeusnervous.
Inshort,youmustcarefullyconsiderthespeakerandthespeakingenvironment.Expertssuggestthatunlessyouknowaboutsomeone’sbasiccommunicationstyle,youwillhavelittlehopeinunderstandingtheirtruefeelingsthroughbodylanguage.Inotherwords,bodylanguagecarriesimportantbutnotalwaystruemessages.
实战练习(四)
LindaEvanswasmybestfriend—likethesisterIneverhad.Wedideverythingtogether:
havingpianolessons,goingtomovies,swimming,andhorsebackriding.
WhenIwas13,myfamilymovedaway.LindaandIkeptintouchthroughletters,andwesaweachotheronspecialtime—likemyweddingandLinda’s.Soonwewerebusywithchildrenandmovingtonewhomes,andwewrotelessoften.OnedayacardthatIsentcameback,stamped“AddressUnknown.”IhadnoideahowtofindLinda.
Overtheyears,ImissedLindaverymuch.Iwantedtosharehappinessofmychildrenandthengrandchildren.AndIneededtosharemysadnesswhenmybrotherandthenmotherdied.TherewasanemptyplaceinmyheartthatonlyafriendlikeLindacouldfill.
OnedayIwasreadinganewspaperwhenInoticedaphotoofayoungwomanwholookedverymuchlikeLindaandwhoselastnamewasWagman—Linda'smarriedname.“TheremustbethousandsofWagmans,”Ithought,butIstillwrotetoher.
Shecalledassoonasshegotmyletter.“Mrs.Tobin!
’’shesaidexcitedly,“LindaEvansWagmanismymother.
MinuteslaterIheardavoicethatIknewverymuch,evenafter40years,laughedandcriedandcaughtuponeachother’slives.Nowtheemptyplaceinmyheartisfilled.Andthere’sonethingthatLindaandIknowforsure:
Wewon’tloseeachotheragain!
实战练习(五)
Asisknowntoall,sportsstarsearnlargeamountsofmoneyeveryyear.LeBronJames,thefamousAmericanbasketballstar,forinstance,earnsanincomeofmorethan20milliondollarsayear.Somepeopleholdtheviewthatthes