0Flrbm份托福阅读真题及答案.docx

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0Flrbm份托福阅读真题及答案

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2005年11月份托福阅读真题及答案

发布日期：

2006-05-06发表评论信息来源：

竞学学习

Questions1-10

AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenth

century,itbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastandgrowingagriculturalhinterland.Marketdayssawthecrowdedcityevenmorecrowded,aslinefannersfromwithinaradiusof24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheep,cows,pigs, vegetables,cider,andotherproductsfordirectsaletothetownspeople.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuouslyenlargedthroughouttheperioduntil1736,whenitreachedfromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreetbetweenPineandCedar.ThenextyeartheCallowhillMarketbeganoperation.

Alongwithmarketdays,theinstitutionoftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphiaevenaftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.Thefairsprovidedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfromoutlyingplacesto

would-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown,forexample,

werepopularitems.

Auctionswereanotherpopularformofoccasionaltrade.Becauseofthecompetition,retailmerchantsopposedtheseaswellasthefairs.Although

governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessful,theordinarycourseofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants'side,asincreasingbusinessspecializationbecametheorderoftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterparts,andspecialtyshopsbegantoappearin additiontogeneralstoressellingavarietyofgoods.

OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia'smerchantsgenerallyprosperedwasbecausethe

surroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.

Theydidtheirbusiness,afterall,inthecapitalcityoftheprovince.Notonlydidthey

catertothegovernorandhiscircle,butcitizensfromalloverthecolonycametothecapitalforlegislativesessionsoftheassemblyandcouncilandthemeetingsofthe

courtsofjustice.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

（A）Philadelphia'sagricultureimportance

（B）Philadelphia'sdevelopmentasamarketingcenter

（C）ThesaleofimportedgoodsinPhiladelphia

（D）TheadministrationofthecityofPhiladelphia

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatnewmarketsopenedinPhiladelphiabecause

（A）theyprovidedmoremodemfacilitiesthanoldermarkets

（B）theHighStreetMarketwasforcedtoclose

（C）existingmarketswereunabletoservethegrowingpopulation

（D）farmerswantedmarketsthatwereclosertothefarms.

3.Theword"hinterland"inline3isclosestinmeaningto

（A）tradition

（B）association

（C）produce

（D）region

4.Theword"it"inline6refersto

（A）thecrowdedcity

（B）aradius

（C）theHighStreetMarket

（D）theperiod

5.Theword"persisted"inline9isclosestinmeaningto

（A）returned

（B）started

（C）declined

（D）continued

6.Accordingtothepassage,fairsinPhiladelphiawereheld

（A）onthesamedayasmarketsays

（B）asoftenaspossible

（C）acoupleoftimesayear

（D）wheneverthegovernmentallowedit

7.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthormentions"Linensandstockings"inline12toshowthattheywereitemsthat

（A）retailmerchantswerenotwillingtosell

（B）werenotavailableinthestoresinPhiladelphia

（C）weremorepopularinGermantownmaninPhiladelphia

（D）couldeasilybetransported

8.Theword"eradicate"inline16isclosestinmeaningto

（A）eliminate

（B）exploit

（C）organize

（D）operate

9.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatinginline17that"economicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants'side"?

（A）Merchantshadastrongimpactoneconomicexpansion.

（B）Economicforcesallowedmerchantstoprosper.

（C）Merchantshadtoworktogethertoachieveeconomicindependence

（D）Specialtyshopsnearlargemarketsweremorelikelytobeeconomically

successful.

10.Theword"undergoing"inline22isclosestinmeaningto

（A）requesting

（B）experiencing

（C）repeating

（D）including

Questions11-22

Avicolturists,peoplewhoraisebirdsforcommercialsale,havenotyetlearned

howtosimulatethenaturalincubationofparroteggsinthewild.Theycontinue

tolookforbetterwaystoincreaseeggproductionandtoimprovechicksurvivalrates.

lineWhenparrotsincubatetheireggsinthewild,thetemperatureandhumidityofthe

（5） nestarecontrollednaturally.Heatistransferredfromthebird'sskintothetopportion

oftheeggshell,leavingthesidesandbottomoftheeggatacoolertemperature.This

temperaturegradientmaybevitaltosuccessfulhatching.Nestconstructioncan

contributetothistemperaturegradientNestsoflooselyarrangedsticks,rocks,ordirt

arecoolerintemperatureatthebottomwheretheeggcontactsthenestingmaterial.

（10）Suchnestsalsoactashumidityregulatorsbyallowingraintodrainintothebottom

sectionsofthenestsothattheeggsarenotindirectcontactwiththewater.Asthe

waterthatcollectsinthebottomofthenestevaporates,thewatervaporrisesandis

heatedbytheincubatingbird,whichaddssignificanthumiditytotheincubation

environment

（15）Inartificialincubationprograms,aviculturistsremoveeggsfromthenestsofparrots

andincubatethemunderlaboratoryconditions.Mostcommercialincubatorsheatthe

eggsfairlyevenlyfromtoptobottom,thusignoringthebird'smethodofnatural

incubation,andperhapsreducingtheviabilityandsurvivabilityofthehatchingchicks.

Whenincubatorsarenotused,aviculturistssometimessuspendwoodenboxesoutdoors

（20）touseasnestsinwhichtoplaceeggs.Inareaswhereweathercanbecomecoldafter

eggsarelaid,itisveryimportanttomaintainadeepfoundationofnestingmaterialto

actasinsulatoragainstthecoldbottomofthebox.Ifeggsrestagainstthewooden

bottominextremelycoldweatherconditions,theycanbecomechilledtoapointwhere

theembryocannolongersurvive.Similarly,theseboxesshouldbeprotectedfrom

（25）directsunlighttoavoidhightemperaturesthatarealsofataltothegrowingembryo.

Nestingmaterialshouldbeaddedinsufficientamountstoavoidbothextreme

temperaturesituationsmentionedaboveandassurethattheeggshaveasoft,secure

placetorest.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

（A）Nestingmaterialvariesaccordingtothe

parrots'environment.

（B）Humidityisanimportantfactorin

incubatingparrots'eggs.

（C）Aviculturistshaveconstructedtheideal

nestboxforparrots.

（D）Wildparrots'nestsprovideinformation

usefulforartificialincubation.

12.Theword"They"inline2refersto

（A）aviculturists

（B）birds

（C）eggs

（D）rates

13.Accordingtoparagraph2,whenthe

temperatureofthesidesandbottomoftheegg

arecoolerthanthetop,then

（A）theremaybeagoodchancefor

successfulincubation

（B）theembryowillnotdevelopnormally

（C）theincubatingparentmovestheeggto

anewposition.

（D）theincubationprocessissloweddown

14.Accordingtoparagraph2,sticks,rocks,ordirtareusedto

（A）softenthebottomofthenestforthenewly

hatchedchick

（B）holdthenesttogether

（C）helplowerthetemperatureatthebottomof

thenest

（D）makethenestbigger

15.Accordingtoparagraph2,theconstructionofthenestallowswaterto

（A）provideabeneficialsourceofhumidity

inthenest

（B）loosenthematerialsatthebottomofthe

nest

（C）keepthenestinacleancondition

（D）touchthebottomoftheeggs

16.Allofthefollowingarepartofaparrot's

incubationmethodEXCEPT

（A）heatingthewatervaporasitrisesfromthe

bottomofthenest

（B）arrangingnestingmaterialatthebottomof

thenest

（C）transferringheatfromtheparenttothetop

oftheeggshell

（D）maintainingaconstanttemperatureonthe

eggshell

17.Theword"suspend"inline19isclosestin

meaningto

（A）build

（B）paint

（C）hang

（D）move

18.Theword"fatal"inline25isclosestin

meaningto

（A）close

（B）deadly

（C）natural

（D）hot

19.Theword"secure"inline27isclosestin

meaningto

（A）fiesh

（B）diy

（C）safe

（D）warm

20.Accordingtoparagraph3,adeepfoundationofnestingmaterialprovides

（A）aconstantsourceofhumidity

（B）astrongnestbox

（C）moreroomfornewlyhatchedchicks

（D）protectionagainstcoldweather

21.Whichofthefollowingisaproblemwith

commercialincubators?

（A）Theylackthenaturaltemperaturechanges

oftheoutdoors.

（B）Theyareunabletoheattheeggsevenly

（C）Theydonottransferheattotheegginthe

samewaytheparentbirddoes.

（D）Theyareexpensivetooperate.

22.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?

（A）Aviculturists（lineI）

（B）Gradient（line8）

（C）Incubation（line15）

（D）Embryo（line24）

Questions23-33

Themineralparticlesfoundinsoilrangeinsizefrommicroscopicclayparticles

tolargeboulders.Themostabundantparticles—sand,silt,andclay—arethefocus

ofexaminationinstudiesofsoiltexture.Textureisthetermusedtodescribethe

linecompositesizesofparticlesinasoilsample,typicallyseveralrepresentativehandfuls.

（5） Tomeasuresoiltexture,thesand,silt,andclayparticlesaresortedoutbysizeand

weight.Theweightsofeachsizearethenexpressedasapercentageofthesample

weight.

Inthefield,soiltexturecanbeestimatedbyextractingahandfulofsodand

squeezingthedampsoilintothreebasicshapes;

（1）cast,alumpformedbysqueezing

（10）asampleinaclenchedfist;

（2）thread,apencilshapeformedbyrollingsoilbetween

thepalms;and（3）ribbon,aflatfishshapeformedbysque