0Flrbm份托福阅读真题及答案.docx

1、0Flrbm份托福阅读真题及答案生活需要游戏，但不能游戏人生；生活需要歌舞，但不需醉生梦死；生活需要艺术，但不能投机取巧；生活需要勇气，但不能鲁莽蛮干；生活需要重复，但不能重蹈覆辙。 -无名2005年11月份托福阅读真题及答案发布日期：2006-05-06 发表评论 信息来源： 竞学学习Questions 1-10As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenthcentury, it became an increasingly important marketing c

2、enter for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as line fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs,vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was

3、 continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in P

4、hiladelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places towould-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example,were popular items.Auctions were another popular for

5、m of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Althoughgovernmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants side, as increasing business specializatio

6、n became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear inaddition to general stores selling a variety of goods.One of the reasons Philadelphias merchants generally prospered was because thesurrounding area was unde

7、rgoing tremendous economic and demographic growth.They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did theycater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the mee

8、tings of thecourts of justice.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Philadelphias agriculture importance(B) Philadelphias development as a marketing center(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia2. It can be inferred from the passage that

9、 new markets opened in Philadelphia because(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets(B) the High Street Market was forced to close(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.3. The word hinterland in line 3

10、 is closest in meaning to(A) tradition(B) association(C) produce(D) region4. The word it in line 6 refers to(A) the crowded city(B) a radius(C) the High Street Market(D) the period5. The word persisted in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) returned(B) started(C) declined(D) continued6. According to

11、the passage, fairs in Philadelphia were held(A) on the same day as market says(B) as often as possible(C) a couple of times a year(D) whenever the government allowed it7. It can be inferred that the author mentions Linens and stockings in line 12 to show that they were items that(A) retail merchants

12、 were not willing to sell(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia(D) could easily be transported8. The word eradicate in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) eliminate(B) exploit(C) organize(D) operate9. What does the author mean by s

13、tating in line 17 that economic development was on the merchants side ?(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely t

14、o be economicallysuccessful.10. The word undergoing in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) requesting(B) experiencing(C) repeating(D) includingQuestions 11-22Avicolturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learnedhow to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wi

15、ld. They continueto look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.line When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the(5) nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the birds skin to the top portionof the eggshell,

16、leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. Thistemperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction cancontribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirtare cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts t

17、he nesting material.(10) Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottomsections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As thewater that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and isheated by the incub

18、ating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubationenvironment(15) In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrotsand incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat theeggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring th

19、e birds method of naturalincubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks.When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors(20) to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold aftereggs are laid,

20、it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material toact as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the woodenbottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point wherethe embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes s

21、hould be protected from(25) direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo.Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extremetemperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secureplace to rest.11. What is th

22、e main idea of the passage?(A) Nesting material varies according to theparrots environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor inincubating parrots eggs.(C) Aviculturists have constructed the idealnest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots nests provide informationuseful for artificial incubation.12. The

23、 word They in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B)birds(C)eggs(D) rates13. According to paragraph 2, when thetemperature of the sides and bottom of the eggare cooler than the top, then(A) there may be a good chance forsuccessful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating pa

24、rent moves the egg toa new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down14. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newlyhatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom ofthe nest(D) make the nest

25、bigger15. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidityin the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of thenest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs16. All of the following are part of a parrotsi

26、ncubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from thebottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom ofthe nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the topof the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on theeggshell17. The word suspend in line 19 is close

27、st inmeaning to(A) build(B) paint(C)hang(D) move18. The word fatal in line 25 is closest inmeaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot19. The word secure in line 27 is closest inmeaning to(A) fiesh(B)diy(C)safe(D)warm20. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A)

28、 a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather21. Which of the following is a problem withcommercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changesof the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) Th

29、ey do not transfer heat to the egg in thesame way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.22. Which of the following terms is defined in thepassage?(A) Aviculturists (line I)(B) Gradient (line 8)(C) Incubation (line 15)(D) Embryo (line 24)Questions 23-33The mineral particles found in

30、soil range in size from microscopic clay particlesto large boulders. The most abundant particlessand, silt, and clayare the focusof examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe theline composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative han

31、dfuls.(5) To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size andweight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sampleweight.In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of sod andsqueezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing(10) a sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil betweenthe palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by sque