职称英语 理工B 概况句子大意与完成句子.docx
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职称英语理工B概况句子大意与完成句子
2014年职称英语理工B概况句子大意与完成句子
第六篇:
HowWeFormFirstImpression
1 Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?
Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher—asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.
2 Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrain,allowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson’seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent1.Infact,yourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformation—thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincoming“signals”arecomparedagainst2ahostof“memories”storedinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals“mean.”
3 Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool3,yourbrainsays“familiarandsafe.‘‘Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,“new—potentiallythreatening.”Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithother“known”memories;Theheight,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures,andtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristics,themoreyourbrainmaysay,“Thisisnew.Idon’tlikethisperson.”Orelse,“I’mintrigued.“Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,gestures—likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:
“Ilikethisperson.”Butthesepreliminary“impressions”canbedeadwrong4.
4 Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanleamaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople—theirhistory,interest,values,strengths,andtruecharacter—wecategorizethemasjocks,geeks,orfreaks.
5 However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareoftheperson’scharacter,weuseadifferent,morematurestyleofthinking—andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.
词汇:
trait/treɪ,treɪt/n.特点,特征,特性
host/həʊst/n.一大群,许多
simplistic/sɪm’plɪstɪk/adj.过分单纯化的
categorical/,kætɪ’gɒrɪkl/adj.绝对的
jock/dʒɒk/n.骗子
geek/gi:
k/n.反常的人
stereotype/’sterɪətaɪp/v.对……产生成见
humane/hju:
’meɪn,hjʊ-/adj.有人情味的,人文的
sensory/’sensərɪ/adj.感官的,感觉的
cortex/’kɔ:
teks/n.脑皮层
ethnicityn.种族特点
intrigue/ɪn’tri:
g/v.激起兴趣
freak/fri:
k/n.怪人
注释:
1.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson’seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent:
从even开始到asdifferent是个结果状语从句,相当于thatevenveryminor....,而that是与主句中的so呼应的。
2.against:
和……对比
3.Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool...:
如果你在学校里看见某个你认识而且喜欢的人……like在这里是动词。
4.deadwrong:
相当于completelywrong。
deadwrong是口语表达用语。
练习:
1.Paragraph2________
2.Paragraph3________
3.Paragraph4________
4.Paragraph5________
A WaysofDeparturefromImmatureandSimplisticImpressions
B CommentonFirstImpression
C IllustrationofFirstImpression
D ComparingIncomingSensoryInformationagainstMemories
E ThreateningAspectofFirstImpressions
F DifferencesamongJocks,GreeksandFreaks
5.Sensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthrough________.
6.Youinterpretbycomparingitagainstthememoriesalreadystoredinyourbrain________.
7.Thewaywestereotypepeopleisalessmatureformofthinking,whichissimilarto________.
8.Wecanuseourmorematurestyleofthinkingthanksto________.
A astranger’slessmaturetypeofthinking
B themostcomplexareasofourcortex
C theimmatureformofthinkingofaveryyoungchild
D themeaningofincomingsensoryinformation
E thesightsandsoundsoftheworld
F anopportunitytoanalyzedifferentformsofthinking
2014年职称英语教材理工类概括大意与完成句子
第六篇:
HowWeFormFirstImpression
答案与题解:
1.D 本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。
2.C 本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程,将第二段叙述的内容具体化。
3.B 本段对第一印象进行了评论,说第一印象不成熟,simplisticandcategorical。
4.A 本段说如果我们与某个人多接触,了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征,我们对该人的认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段,而是进入一个更深的层次。
5.E 选E的依据在第二段的第三句。
6.D 选D的依据在第二段的最后两句。
sensoryinformation的意思就是informationperceivedthroughsensoryorgans(视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等)。
7.C 选C的依据在第四段的第一句,该句是:
Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.
8.B 选B的依据在第五段第二句。
第七篇:
ScreenTest
1 EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenough,thediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear,21countrieshavescreeningprogrammes.Nineofthem,includingAustralia,Canada,theUSandSpain,screenwomenunder50.
2 Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial,partlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.Also,youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.
3 ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversity1ofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.
4 ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoard(NRPB)predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.
5 Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis“notverysignificant”comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramme,theysay,detectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.
6 Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy,theysuggest,couldhelp“optimisethetechnique”forbreastcancerscreening.
7 “Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisks,”admitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.“Onthebasisofthecurrentdata,forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimisedinanyscreeningprogramme.”
词汇:
polytechnic/,pɒlɪ’teknɪk/adj.多工艺的
cumulative/’kju:
mjʊlətɪv/adj.递增的
radiological/,reɪdɪəʊ’lɒdʒɪk/adj.放射性的
contract/’kɒntrækt/vt.感染
optimise/’ɒptɪmaɪz/vt.最大限度地完善
trade-offn.平衡
注释:
PolytechnicUniversity:
理工大学
练习:
1.Paragraph2________
2.Paragraph3________
3.Paragraph4________
4.Paragraph5________
AHarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman
B InvestigatingtheEffectofScreening
C EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels
D SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation
E TreatmentofCancersFFactorsThatTriggerCancers
F FactorsThatTriggerCancers
5.Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermay________.
6.Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are________.
7.Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmay________.
8.Radiationexposureshouldbe________.
A becostly
B harmful
C savealife
D stillopentodebate
E reducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer
F reducedtotheminimum
2014年职称英语教材理工类概括大意与完成句子
第七篇:
ScreenTest
答案与题解:
1. A说是:
用X射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。
下面是第二段讲的意思:
但是,用X射线检查年轻女人,就医学上的好处而论,是有争议的,部分原因是辐射有诱发癌症的小小的危险。
另外,年轻女人乳房组织紧密,给予的X射线的剂量要多一些。
2.B B说的是:
调查用X射线检查的结果。
第三段第一句话是这么说的:
Valencia理工大学的研究人员分析了11个社区诊所用X射线检查16万以上女人的结果。
可以看出,这句话为真,B必然为真。
3.C C说的是:
两种不同的模型预测的结果。
第四段讲的是,两种不同的数学模型在预测用X射线检查女人诱发癌症的结果是不一样的。
C概述了这段话。
4.D D说的是:
辐射诱发癌症的危险是很小的。
第五段第一句话是这么说的:
Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis“notverysignificant”comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.研究人员争辩说,与发现后接受治疗的癌症数字相比,由辐射诱发癌症的数字是很小的。
5.C C与题干生成:
Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermaysavealife.乳腺癌发现得早也许能挽救生命。
答案可以从第一段中找到。
6.D D与题干生成:
Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50arestillopentodebate.对50岁以下的女人用X射线检查的好处仍然是有争议的。
第二段第一个句子是这么说的:
Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial...但是用X射线检查年轻女人,就医学上的好处而论,是有争议的……这两个句子用词有些差别,基本意思是相同的。
7.E E与题干生成:
Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmayreducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer.延缓X射线检查的年龄也许能减少辖射诱发癌症的危险。
答案在第六段。
8.F F与题干生成:
Radiationexposureshouldbereducedtotheminimum.应把接受辐射降低到最小的程度。
答案在文章的最后一句。
第八篇:
TheMirSpaceStation
1 TheRussianMirSpaceStation,whichcamedownin2001atlastafter15yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-termhumanspaceflight,isrememberedforitsaccomplishmentsinthehumanspaceflighthistory.Itcanbecreditedwithmanyfirstsinspace.
2 DuringMir’slifetime,RussiaspentaboutUS$4.2billiontobuildandmaintainthestation.
3 TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir,whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreetofiveyears,onFebruary20,1986,andhoused104astronautsover12yearsandsevenmonths,mostofwhomwerenotRussian.Infact,itbecamethefirstinternationalspacestationbyplayinghostto162peoplefrom11countries.From1995through1998,sevenastronautsfromtheUnitedStatestookturnslivingonMirforuptosixmonthseach2.Theywereamongthe37Americanswhovisitedthestationduringninestopoversbyspaceshuttles.
4 Themorethan400milliontheUnitedStatesprovidedRussia