秦兵马俑英文导游词word范文模板 9页.docx

秦兵马俑英文导游词word范文模板 9页.docx

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秦兵马俑英文导游词

　　秦兵马俑英文导游词【1】

　　EmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumandtheTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorsesMuseum

　　EmperorQinShihuang（259-210B.C.）hadYingashissurnameandZhengashisgivenname.

　　HenametothethroneoftheQinatage13,andtookthehelmofthestateatageof22.

　　By221B.C.,hehadannexedthesixrivalprincipalitiesofQi,Chu,Yan,Han,ZhaoandWei,andestablishedthefirstfeudalempireinChina’shistory.

　　Intheyear221B.C.,whenheunifiedthewholecountry,YingZhengstyledhimselfemperor.

　　HenamedhimselfShihuangDi,thefirstemperorinthehopethathislatergenerationsbethesecond,thethirdeventheonehundredthandthousandthemperorsinproperordertocarryonthehereditarysystem.

　　Sincethen,thesupremefeudalrulersofChina’sdynastieshadcontinuedtocallthemselvesHuangDi,theemperor.

　　Afterhehadannexedtheothersixstates,EmperorQinShihuangabolishedtheenfeoffmentsystemandadoptedtheprefectureandcountysystem.

　　Hestandardizedlegalcodes,writtenlanguage,track,currencies,weightsandmeasures.

　　ToprotectagainstharassmentbytheHunaristocrats.

　　EmperorQinShihuangorderedtheGreatWallbebuilt.

　　Allthesemeasuresplayedanactiveroleineliminatingthecauseofthestateofseparationanddivisionandstrengtheningtheunificationofthewholecountryaswellaspromotionthedevelopmentofeconomyandculture.

　　TheyhadagreatanddeepinfluenceuponChina’s2,000yearoldfeudalsociety.

　　EmperorQinShihuangorderedthebooksofvariousschoolsburnedexceptthoseoftheQindynasty’shistoryandculture,divinationandmedicinesinanattempttopushhisfeudalautocracyintheideologicalfield.

　　Asaresult,China’sancientclassicshadbeendevastatedanddestroy.

　　Moreover,heonceordered460scholarsbeburiedalive.

　　Thoseeventswerelatercalledinhistory“theburningofbooksandtheburyingofConfucianscholars.”

　　EmperorQinShihuang，forhisownpleasure,conscribedseveralhundredthousandconvictsandwentinforlarge-scaleconstructionandhadoversevenhundredpalacesbuiltintheGuanzhongPlain.

　　Thesepalacesstretchedseveralhundredliandhesoughtpleasurefromonepalacetotheother.

　　Oftennobodyknewwhereherangingtreasuresinsidethetomb,wereenclosedalive.

　　EmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumhasnotyetbeenexcavated.

　　Whatlookslikeinsidecouldnolybeknownwhenitisopened.

　　However,thethreepitsoftheterra-cottawarriotexcavatedoutsidetheeastgateoftheouterenclosureofthenecropoliscanmakeoneimaginehowmagnificentandluxuriousthestructureofEmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumwas.No.1PitwasstumbleduponinMarch1974whenvillagersofXiyangVillageofYanzhaitownship,LintongCounty,sankawell1.

　　5kmeastofthemausoleum.

　　In1976,No.2and3Pitswerefound20mnorthofNo.1Pitrespectivelyafterthedrillingsurvey.

　　Theterra-cottawarriorsandhorsesarearrayedaccordingtotheQindynastybattleformation,symbolizingthetroopskeepingvigilbesidethemausoleum.

　　Thisdiscoveryarousedmuchinterestbothathomeandabroad.

　　In1975,amuseum,housingthesiteofNo.

　　1andcoveringanareaof16,300squaremeterswasbuiltwiththepermissionoftheStateCouncil.

　　ThemuseumwasformallyopenedtopubliconOct.

　　1,theNationalDay,1979.No.1Pitis230meterslongfromeasttowest,62mwidefromnorthtosouthand5mdeep,coveringatotalareaof14,260squaremeters.

　　Itisanearth-and-woodstructureintheshapeofatunnel.

　　Therearefiveslopingentrancesontheeasternandwesternsidesofthepitrespectively.

　　Thepitisdividedintoelevencorridorsbytenearthenpartitionwalls,andthefloorsarepavedwithbricks.

　　Thickrafterswereplacedontothewalls（butnowonecanonlyseetheirremains）,whichwerecoveredwithmatsandthenfinesoilandearth.

　　ThebattleformationoftheQindynasty,facingeast.

　　Intheeastendarearrayedthreelinesofterra-cottawarriors,70piecesineach,totaling210pieces.

　　Theyaresupposedtobethevanoftheformation.

　　Immediatelybehindthemare38columnsofinfantrymenalternatingwithwarchariotsinthecorridors,eachbeing180mlong.

　　Theyareprobablythemainbodyoftheformation.

　　Thereisonelineofwarriorsintheleft,rightandwestendsrespectively,facingoutwards.

　　Theyareprobablytheflanksandtherear.

　　Therearealtogether27trialtrench,itisassumedthatmorethan6,000claywarriorsandhorsescouldbeunearthedfromNo.1Pit.No.2PitsisabouthalfthesizeofNo.1Pit,coveringabout6,000squaremetersTraildiggingsshowthisisacompositeformationofinfantry,cavalryandchariotsoldiers,fromwhichroughlyover1,000claywarriors,and500chariotsandsaddledhorsescouldbeunearthed.

　　The2,000-year-oldwoodenchariotsarealreadyrotten.

　　Buttheirshafts,crossyokes,andwheels,etc.

　　leftclearimpressionsontheearthbed.

　　Thecopperpartsofthechariotsstillremain.

　　Eachchariotispulledbyfourhorseswhichareoneandhalfmetershighandtwometreslong.

　　Accordingtotextualresearch,theseclayhorsesweresculpturesafterthebreedintheareaofHexiCorridor.

　　Thehorsesforthecavalrymenwerealreadysaddled,butwithnostirups.No.3Pitcoversanareaof520m2withonlyfourhorses,onechariotand68warriors,supposedtobethecommandpostofthebattleformation.

　　Now,No.2and3Pitshavebeenrefilled,butvisitorscanseesomeclayfiguresandweaponsdisplayedintheexhibitionhallsinthemuseumthathadbeenunearthedfromthesetwopits.

　　ThefloorsofbothNo.1and2Pitswerecoveredwithalayerofsiltof15to20cmthick.

　　Inthesepits,onecanseetracesofburntbeamseverywhere,somerelicswhichweremostlybroken.

　　AnalysisshowsthatthepitswereburneddownbyXiangYu,leaderofapeasantarmy.

　　Alloftheclaywarriorsinthethreepitsheldrealweaponsintheirhandsandfaceeast,showingEmperorQinShihuang’sstrongdeterminationofwipingoutthesixstatesandunifyingthewholecountry.

　　Theheightoftheterra-cottawarriorsvariesfrom1.78m,theshortest,to1.97m,thetallest.

　　Theylookhealthyandstrongandhavedifferentfacialexpressions.

　　ProbablytheyweresculptedbycraftsmenaccordingtorealsoldiersoftheQindynasy.

　　Theyorganicallycombinedtheskillsofroundengraving,bas-reliefandlinearengraving,andutilizedthesixtraditionalfolkcraftsofsculpturing,suchashand-moulding,sticking,cutting,paintingandsoon.

　　Theclaymodelswerethenputinkilns,bakedandcolour-painted.

　　Astheterra-cottafigureshavebeebburntandhavegonethroughthenaturalprocessofdecay,wecan’tseetheiroriginalgorgeouscolours.

　　However,mostoftheterra-cottafiguresbearthetraceoftheoriginalcolours,andfewofthemarestillasbrightasnew.

　　Theyarefoundtobepaintedbymineraldyestuffsofvermilion,brightred,pinkdarkgreen,powdergreen,purple,blue,orange,blackandwhitecolours.

　　Thousandsofrealweaponswereunearthedfromtheseterra-cottaarmypits,includingbroadknives,swords,spears,dagger-axes,halberds,bows,crossbowsandarrowheads.

　　Theseweaponswereexquisitelymade.

　　Someofthemearestillverysharp,analysesshowthattheyaremadeofalloysofcopperandtin,containingmorethantenkindsofothermetals.

　　Sincetheirsurfacesweretreatedwithchromium,theyareasbrightasnew,thoughburiedundergroundformorethan2,000years.

　　ThisindicatesthatQindynasty’smetallurgicaltechnologyandweapon-manufacturingtechniquealreadyreachedquiteahighlevel.

　　InDecember1980,twoteamsoflargepaintedbronzechariotsandhorseswereunearthed20metreswestofthemoundofEmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleum.

　　Thesesingleshaftfour-horsechariotseachcomprises3,462spareparts,andhasabodywithtwocompartments,onebehindtheother,andanellipticalumbrellalikecanopy.

　　Thefourhorsesharnessedtothechariotare65-67centimeterstall.

　　Therestoredbronzechariotsandhorsesareexactimitationsoftruechariot,horseanddriverinhalflife-size.

　　Thechariotsandhorsesaredecoratedwithcoloureddrawingsagainstwhitebackground.

　　Theyhavebeenfittedwithmorethan1,500pieceseofgoldandsilversanddecorations,lookingluxurious,splendidandgraceful.

　　ProbablytheyweremeantfortheuseofEmperorQinShihuang’ssoultogooninspection.

　　Thebronzechariotsandhorsesweremadebylostwaxcasting,whichshowsahighleveloftechnology.

　　Forinstance,thetortoise-shell-likecanopyisabout4mmthick,andthewindowisonly1mmthickonwhicharemanysmallholesforventilation.

　　Accordingtoapreliminarystudy,thetechnologyofmanufacturingthebronzechariotsandhorseshasinvolvedcasting,welding,reveting,inlayingembeddingandchiseling.

　　Theexcavationofthebronzechariotsandhorsesprovidesextremelyvaluablematerialanddataforthetextualresearchofthemetallurgicaltechnique,themechanismofthechariotandtechnologicalmodelingoftheQindynasty.No.2bronzechariotandhorsesnowondisplaywerefoundbrokeninto1,555pieceswhenexcavated.

　　Aftertwo-and-halfyears’carefulandpainstakingrestorationbyarchaeologistsandvariousspecialists,theywereformallyexhibitedinthemuseumonOctober1,1983.No.1bronzechariothandhorsesareondisplayfrom1988.

　　秦兵马俑导游词【2】

　　大家好!

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　　现在我们已经到了目的地----