最新高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案 3.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解试题含答案3
最新高考英语阅读理解试题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthanforesttrees.
Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil(化石)fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.
StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.
Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters(thewidthoftheirtrunks)between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCO2.
Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest,treestendtogrowclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.
(1)WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?
A. Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.
B. Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.
C. Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.
D. Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.
(2)Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?
A. Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates.
B. Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh.
C. Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy.
D. Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem.
(3)Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees?
A. Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters.
B. Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.
C. Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors.
D. Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.
(4)Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?
A. Howurbantreescanlivelonger. B. Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung.
C. Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions. D. Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmoreC02.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。
一项新的研究发现:
与长在森林中的树木相比,城市里的树木长得更快,但死得更早。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.”可知,如果没有二氧化碳,地球将会极冷或极热。
可以推断,二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Tofigureonhowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters.”可知,研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.”可知,与生长在森林中的树木相比,城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照,也能得到更多的氮量,还更容易得到水。
光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。
由此可以推断,城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
首句就提到了一项新的研究结果:
城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快,但死得更早;文章第三段说到“以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳,但是城市里的树木的生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样,这方面的数据不多。
因此一些研究人员决定弄清楚”;文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现:
城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快,但死得更早;文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。
由此可以推断,文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
NhonLy,a55-year-oldVietnamese-bornprofessionalbodybuilderfromCaliforniahasbeenawardedthe"real-lifeMasterRoshi"forhisunbelievablesimilaritytothepopularDragonBallZanime(日本动漫)character.
Lycertainlydoesn'tlooklikeanyothertypical55-year-oldman.Infact,helooksalotbetterthanmostguysintheir20s,withhislean(瘦且健康的),strongmusclesandyouthfulattitude.Buthe'sabsolutelynottheonly50-somethingmanwhohasthestrongmuscleintheworld. WhatreallysetsNhonLyapartfromalltherestishisunbelievablesimilaritytoDragonBallZcharacterMasterRoshi,alsoknownastheTurtleHermit,inhis"finalform".AndheapparentlylikedthecomparisonsomuchthatheevensethisInstagramhandleas@master_roshi_real_life.
AccordingtoMadnessMedia,LyimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesin1980,attheageof16.Hegotajobasapedicurist(修脚师)atanailsalon,andworkedhiswayuptosalonowner.Althoughhehasachievedsomuch,bodybuildinghasalwaysbeenhisbiggestlove.Hehascompetedinseveralprofessionalbodybuildingevents,withhismostnotableresultsbeingthe4thplaceatthe2011USChampionship,the7thplaceatthe2012edition,andthe5thplaceatthe2015Nationals.
Evenat55,NhonLycontinuestotrainhardinthegyminordertokeephisMasterRoshilook.Healsolikestosharephotosandvideoswithhis40,000fans,manyofwhomareDragonBallZfans.Theyroutinelypostalargequantityofcomments,thankinghimfortrainingGoku,whoisthemaincharacterinDragonBallmedia,andaskinghimtotrainthemintheartofbodybuilding.
(1)WhyisNhonLycalled"real-lifeMasterRoshi"?
A. HelooksextremelysimilartoMasterRoshi.
B. HeisquitegoodattrainingpeoplelikeGoku.
C. HehasthesamelifestoriesasMasterRoshi.
D. HeholdsaspecialattitudetoDragonBallZ.
(2)HowdoesNhonLyfeelabouthis"newname"?
A. Hefindsittypicalyetsilly.
B. Hethinksitcanbepopular.
C. Heisfondofitverymuch.
D. Heconsidersitembarrassing.
(3)WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeNhonLy?
A. Confidentandwealthy. B. Creativeandambitious.
C. Athleticandhardworking. D. Healthyandgenerous.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A. SuccessComesFromContinuousEffortsandDreams
B. GreatAchievementsofanOldbutStillPositiveAthlete
C. UnbelievableLifeExperiencesofanAnimeCharacter
D. A55-year-oldManIsKnownforLookingLikeMasterRoshi
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。
他看起来比20多岁的小伙子还要年轻健美,这源于他多年坚持不断的健身。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段”NhonLy,a55-year-oldVietnamese-bornprofessionalbodybuilderfromCaliforniahasbeenawardedthe“real-lifeMasterRoshi"forhisunbelievablesimilaritytothepopularDragonBallZ anime(日本动漫) character.“55岁的NhonLy是一名出生于越南的职业健美运动员,来自加利福尼亚。
他被授予“现实生活中的Roshi大师”称号,因为他和流行的龙珠Z动画人物有着令人难以置信的相似之处。
可知,尼汉·莱被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号是因为他与《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人极其相像。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“AndheapparentlylikedthecomparisonsomuchthatheevensethisInstagramhandleasCcOmaster_roshi_real_life.”他显然非常喜欢这种比较,甚至把自己的Instagram账号设为“roshi_real_life”。
可推断,尼汉·莱非常喜欢他的“新名字”。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Infact.helooksalotbetterthanmostguysintheir20s.withhislean,strongmusclesandyouthfulattitude.”事实上。
他看起来比大多数20多岁的年轻人好得多,肌肉结实,有年轻的态度。
;第三段中的“Hegotajobasapedicurist(修脚师)atanailsalon,andworkedhiswayuptosalonowner.”他在一家美甲沙龙找到了一份修脚师的工作,并一步步成为美甲沙龙的老板;以及第四段“Evenat55,NhonI_vcontinuestotrainhardinthegyminordertokeephisMasterRoshilook.“即使在55岁的时候,NhonI_v仍然在健身房刻苦训练,以保持他的Roshi大师的形象。
可推断,尼汉·莱体格健壮且勤奋。
故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知,本文讲述了55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动面人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.Theyaredesignedtowinusovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Timemagazinehailed(称赞)therobotsthat"couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines."Butisreshapinghowweinteractwithmachinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?
Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon'tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationshipswithmanykindsofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,roboticistssometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate(赋予…生命)dollsandturnthemintoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.
Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.Today'srobotstellchildrenthattheyhaveemotions,friendships,evendreamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoaloftherobotsisemotionaltrickery.Forinstance,Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,thecompanybehindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate"adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,youfeelthepainofthat."Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?
Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?
Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchildren.Empathyallowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofoth