届高三英语一轮复习讲义Book4Unit11.docx
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届高三英语一轮复习讲义Book4Unit11
重点识记词汇
1.affairn.事情,事件
2.widespreadadj.广泛的
3.reformn.&vt.改革,改良
4.analysevt.分析→analysisn.分析
5.standfor是……意思,代表;支持
6.publishvt.出版,发行
7.incidentn.事件,事情
8.arisevi.发生,出现
9.blamevt.责怪,归咎于
10.willingadj.愿意的,乐意的
11.attemptvt.&n.尝试,试图
12.infavourof支持,赞同
13.belinkedto/with与……相关联
14.defendvt.为……辩解;保卫
15.consistof由……组成
16.standout突出,显眼
17.pretendvt.假装
18.respectn.&vt.尊敬,尊重
19.disagreementn.意见不一;分歧
20.suitableadj.合适的
21approachn.方法,方式
22.contemporaryadj.当代的
23.contributionn.贡献,捐助
24.aslongas只要
menton发表意见;提出看法
26.helpout帮忙做某事;帮助克服困难
27.goaheadwith开始做;着手干
28.environmentaladj.自然环境的
29.hostn.&vt.主办(国、机构、城市);主人;主办
30.concludevt.做出结论;结束
31.attituden.态度,看法→attitudeto对……的态度
32.demandvt.要求,请求→demand...of向……提要求
33.applicationn.申请(书);应用→applyto适用于
34.innocentadj.天真无邪的,单纯的;无罪的
35.nationn.国家;民族→nationaladj.全国(性)的
36.explanationn.解释,说明→explainv.解释,说明
37.beliefn.信仰;信心;信任→believev.相信,信任;认为
38.employvt.雇用→unemploymentn.失业
39.evidencen.证明,证据→evidentadj.明白的,明显的
40.announcevt.宣布,宣告→announcementn.宣告,宣布;通知
41.favourn.赞同;恩惠→favourableadj.赞成的;有利的
42.encouragementn.鼓励→encouragingadj.令人鼓舞的→encouragedadj.受到鼓舞的
43.advertisevt.为……做广告→advertisementn.广告
44.considerationn.必须考虑的事→considervt.考虑;认为
45.harmfuladj.有害的→harmn.&v.危害,伤害
46.faithfullyadv.忠实地,真诚地→faithn.信任,信仰
47.interruptvt.&vi.打断;打扰→interruptionn.打断;打扰
必背经典句式
1.Itislikelytobejustthenameofacompany,partofwhichmaybeagenerallocation.
很可能只是一家公司,其中一部分可能是一个大概的位置。
2.AIDSisanotherproblemofgreatconcernsosexeducationandhealthcareadministrationareextremelyimportant.
艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题,所以性教育和健康护理机构非常重要。
3.However,notalladvertisingisaboutsellingproductsandservicesforaprofit.
然而,并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务的。
4.AccordingtotheresearchpublishedbyLeedsUniversityyesterday,peopledon’tmindbadlanguageontelevisionaslongasitisnotusedinprogrammeswatchedbychildren.
据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称,电视中的不良语言,只要不用于儿童节目,人们并不介意。
5.Nomatterwhatthegovernmentsays,itisclearthattheairportwillalsoaffectourhealth.
不管政府说什么,很明显这个飞机场也会对我们的健康有影响。
构词记忆
replace/rI′pleIs/vt.1.替换;取代;更换 2.把……放回原处
resist/rI′zIst/vt.1.抗拒;抵抗;抵御 2.忍住;vi.抵抗;抵制;抗拒
restore/rI′stɔː/vt.恢复;使复原;使复位
return/rI′tɜːn/vi.返回;恢复;送还;vt.归还;使恢复;回报;n.[C]&[U]返回;归还;回报
Ⅰ.词汇与派生
A.语境填词
1.What’smore,Iamwilling(乐意的)totellyouthatIamtodosomeparttimejobsinthesummerholiday.
2.Ontheotherhand,theyalsosufferfromlessrespect(尊重)andlowerpay.
3.Iguessthatwastheturningpointofmyattitude(态度)towardsit.
4.It’simpossibleforustosatisfyeveryone’sdemands(要求).
5.Smokingisharmful(有害的)toourhealth.
6.Hisencouragement(鼓励)mademebecomemoreconfidentofmyself.
7.Hehasmadegreatcontributions(贡献)toourcountry.
8.Studentsshouldunderstandtheapproach(方法)tocommunicatingwithothersonpacking.
9.Thesentry(哨兵)defended(守卫)thegateagainstsuddenattack.
10.Thewastewateralsocreatesoneofenvironmental(自然环境的)pollutionorigins.
B.用所给词的适当形式填空
11.She’swaitingpatientlyinthebelief(believe)thathe’llcomeback.
12.Whenwefacedherwithalltheevidence(evident),sheadmittedthecrime.
13.Thejudgedidn’tbelievehisexplanation(explain)thathehadstolenthemoneyinordertogiveittocharity.
14.Thereisnodoubtthatunemployment(employ)hascauseddamagebothtoindividualsandtocommunities.
15.Ifyouwanttosellyouroldsofa,youcanputanadvertisement(advertise)inthelocalnewspaper.
16.Theybeganshootingimmediatelyaftertheannouncement(announce).
17.Allattempts(attempt)tocontrolthespreadofthediseasehavefailed.
18.Weconsidered(consideration)thattheyoungmanwasnotguilty.
19.Hewashonoredforhisbravery(brave)andhonestyaswellashisstrongsupportofjustcauses.
20.Shemadeafavorable(favor)impressiononus.
21.Doyourememberhimpretending(pretend)tobehisfatheronthephone?
22.Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen(arise)wheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.
Ⅱ.短语运用
A.用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空
standfor,consistof,standout,belinkedto/with,comedownto,demand...of,goaheadwith,applyto,commenton,help...out
23.Similarly,youarerepresentingyourblogeverytimeyoucommentonanotherblog.
24.UNstandsfortheUnitedNations.
25.But,justwhatdoesaproperlybalanceddietconsistof?
26.Whileshewasaway,hewentaheadwiththeworkandgotalotdone.
27.YoushouldpaygreatattentiontothecentrewhostandsoutintheFrenchteam.
28.Whatitcomesdowntoiswhetherwestayhereorleave.
29.Hetalkedtomebecausehewantshiseditorstodemandsomuchmoreofhim.
30.Hewasrushingbacktohelpthemoutofpoverty.
31.Moreandmoremobilesarelikelytobelinkedto/withtheInternet.
32.Scientificdiscoveriesareoftenappliedtoindustrialproduction.
B.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
aslongas,attitudeto,infavourof,indetail
33.Iwilldiscussitindetaillaterinthisarticle.
34.Someareinfavourofit;someareagainstit.
35.IwillcooperateaslongasIamnotifiedontime.
36.People’sattitudestofailure,however,varygreatlyfrompersontoperson.
Ⅲ.经典句式
37.ItislikelytobecoldinNovember.
十一月可能会冷起来。
38.Youcanmakeitsolongasyouworkhard.
只要你努力工作,你会取得成功。
39.Allmyfriendsdonotstudywell.=Notallmyfriendsstudywell.
我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。
40.Nomatterwhatproblemitis,I’llworkitoutbymyself.
无论它是什么样的问题,我将自己解决。
41.ItwasafterIwentabroadthatIfoundEnglishwasofgreatimportance.
在我出国后我才发现英语很重要。
1
[应试指导]
(1)虚拟语气的考查
(2)写作经典句式asdemanded (3)写作高级词汇demanding
demand(ofsb.)todo...要求(某人)做……
demanddoing/tobedone需要……
demandthat...(should)do...要求……
satisfy/meetone’sdemands满足某人的需求
ondemand一经要求,indemand需要
makedemandsof对……提出要求
demandingadj.要求高的;需要高技能(或耐性等)的;苛求的
First,sciencegraduatesareingreaterdemandthanartsonesinChina.
首先,在中国对理科毕业生的需求比文科毕业生大。
(安徽·书面表达)
Thischeckispayableondemand.
这是见票即付的支票。
[特别提醒]
demand作动词时,后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语,但不可跟sb.todo结构;后接that从句时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Strikeworkersdemandedtosee(see)themanager.
(2)Mydemandisthattheinformationreferredtoinmyreportbeemailed(email)toMr.Brownwithoutdelay.
(3)Hefoundhecouldnolongercopewithhisdemanding(demand)job.
2
[应试指导] 口头通知常用词汇
Itisannouncedthat...据称;据宣布……
announcetosb.sth./that...向某人宣布……
announcementn.宣布,宣告;声名
makeanannouncement下通知;宣布
Itwasannouncedthatnewspeedrestrictionswouldbeintroduced.
据宣布,将有新的限速规定出台。
ShewasplanningtoannounceherengagementtoPeter.
她正计划宣布她和彼得订婚一事。
[特别提醒]
announce后不跟双宾语,即不能说announcesb.sth.,可以说announcetosb.sth.。
类似不接双宾语的动词还有:
explain,say,report,describe,suggest,mention,express等。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Attention,please!
Ihaveanannouncementtomake(make).
(2)Ithasbeenannounced(announce)alreadythatthemeetingisputoff.
3
[应试指导]
(1)后跟同位语从句时连接词的考查
(2)写作高分句式:
Itisevidentthat...
[多词一义] evident,obvious,clear
gatherevidence收集证据
evidentadj.清楚的;明显的
Itisevidentthat...很显然……
Beforemakinghisdecision,thejudgeheardtheevidence.
法官听取证词后才作决定。
Ithasnowbecomeevidenttousthatamistakehasbeenmade.
我们已经清楚出了差错。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Manypeopleseetheuseof“dama”asevidencethatthemoreadvancedacountrybecomes,themoreinfluentialitslanguageis.
②Hisintentionwasnotevidenttome.
③Evidently(evident),youarewrong.
(2)Evidently,practiceisimportantforeverybody.
Itisevidentthatpracticeisimportantforeverybody.(改为含有主语从句的复合句)
4blamev.把……归咎于,责怪,指责(sayorthinksb.isresponsiblefor);n.过失;责任(responsibility);责备,指责
[应试指导] betoblame主动表被动的用法
blamesb.for...因……而指责某人;把……归咎于某人
blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人
betoblame(forsth.)应承担责任;该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
accept/bear/taketheblamefor...对……负责;为……承担责任
put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.把某事的责任推到某人身上
Everybodyknowsthatheissupposedtobetoblameforthis.
人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。
Thepresidentputtheblamecompletelyonhisopponent.
总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。
[词义辨析] blame,charge,accuse
(1)blame责备,谴责;归咎于,归罪于。
常用于blamesb.forsth.因某事指责某人;blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人。
(2)charge控告;谴责。
常用于chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控某人(做了)某事。
(3)accuse控告,指控;指责,谴责。
常用于accusesb.of(doing)sth.指控某人(做了)某事。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Itisobviousthatyouaretoblamefortheaccident.
②Shewassaidtohavebeenchargedwithdrunkendriving.
③Iwastoldthathewasaccusedofmurder.
(2)他把考试失败归咎于老师。
(一句多译)
①Heblamedthefailureofhisexamontheteacher.(blame...on)
②Heblamedtheteacherforthefailureofhisexam.(blame...for)
③Heput/laidtheblameforthefailureofhisexamontheteacher.(blamen.)
5
[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换try
attempttodo/atdoing...尝试(试图)做……
makeanattempttodo/atdoing...尝试做……
makeanattemptonone’slife企图谋杀某人
atone’sfirstattempt第一次尝试
inanattempttodosth.试图做某事;希望做某事
TheonlytimethatweattemptedtodosomethinglikethatwasinthecityofPhiladelphia.
只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。
Itwasoneofhisrareattemptsathumor.
那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefirstattempt.
②Someonehasmadeanattemptonthepresident’slife.
③Heattemptedtoescape(escape)fromtheprison,buthecouldn’tfindanybodytohelphim.
(2)他们试图攀登那座小山。
(一句多译)
①Theymadeanattempttoclimbthathill.(attemptn.)
②Theyattemptedtoclimbthathill.(attemptv.)
6
[多词一义] defend,guard,protect,indefenceof
defendsb./sth.from/againstsb./sth.保护某人(物)免受伤害;保卫某人(物)
defendoneselfagainststh.为自己辩护
defencen.防卫,保卫;辩护
indefenceof保卫……;为……辩护
Everymanwhocouldfightwasnowcommittedtodefendtheridge.
每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都决心要保卫这条山脊。
Policechiefsstronglydefendedpoliceconductagainstawaveofcriticism.
针对批评的浪潮,警察局长们极力为警方的行为进行辩护。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Hemadealongspeechdefending(defend)hisviewsfromobjections.
②Theydefendedthemselvesagainstbei