高考英语大二轮总复习专题四语法填空练习.docx
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高考英语大二轮总复习专题四语法填空练习
专题四语法填空
2014—2015高考(新课标)全国卷语法填空出题形式及各类考点统计表
考
点
题
量
试
卷
词类转换
词形变换
动词
词法与句法
形↓副
形↓名
动↓形
名↓形
名词单复数与所有格
形、副词比较等级
代词转换
谓语
非谓语
情态动词与助动词
指示代词与不定代词
冠词
介词
并列句
状语从句
名词性从句
定语从句
特殊句式
连接性副词与时间副词
语境填词
时态与语态(含虚拟语气与主谓一致)
动词不定式
动词ing形式
动词过去分词
2015
Ⅰ
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Ⅱ
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2014
Ⅰ
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ⅱ
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
样卷
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
出题形式
有提示词
无提示词
近两年语法填空考点布局充分体现了“实词考查为主,虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。
注意:
1.词类转换以实词中名词、动词、形容词、副词四类为主,而对于名词的考查近两年均涉及名词单复数的考查,而未涉及到名词的所有格,在2016年备考中应引起注意;对于代词的词形变换考查涉及了人称代词与物主代词的转换,反身代词近两年还未涉及,也应引起注意。
2.对于无提示词类的情态动词和助动词的考查,仅2014年新课标全国样卷中考查了must表推测,2014年新课标全国Ⅱ考查了助动词did。
指示代词与不定代词近两年均未涉及。
3.特殊句式在近两年虽然未考查,但备考时应注意:
倒装结构中助动词、小句替代中so,neither,nor以及only等的考查;省略结构中不定式符号to以及结合状语从句的省略中非谓语动词或连词的考查;强调句式中it或that的考查;感叹句中how,what或不定冠词a/an的考查等。
4.连接性副词与语境填词虽然在2014年新课标全国样卷中均有涉及,但可能考虑到这两类词均为完形填空考点,故在2014、2015两年正式考试中均未涉及,但在2015年全国Ⅰ中考查了无提示词形式的时间副词before/earlier,故像earlier,ago,later等时间副词与never,hardly等频度副词是否会有考查还需注意。
5.从出题形式上看,近两年10个设空中都是7个有提示词、3个无提示词,预计2016年还应该以这种比例来突出提示词考查为主的出题形式。
(一)
(2015·全国Ⅰ)
Yangshuo,China
ItwasraininglightlywhenI61.(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours62.,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63.(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.
I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.(painting).Instead,I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway66.carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetterknowncity.
Yangshuo67.(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers68.(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit69.(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70.(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.
(二)
(2015·全国Ⅱ)
Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41.(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven42.mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43.(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout44.(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat45.(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46.(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;47.thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle48.(go)dayafterday:
Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As49.(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly50.thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.
(三)
(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?
In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It61.(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62.(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof63.mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.
Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays64.evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65.(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66.(clean)thanever.
Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67.isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?
Whilethereare68.(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69.(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.(patience).
(四)
(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)
Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout41.(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,42.someofthemlookedveryanxiousand43.(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext44.thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike45.(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused46.(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept47.(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“48.anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?
”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!
It’s49.(I).”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers50.(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.
(五)
(2014·新课标全国样卷)
Mum:
(puttingonhercoat)I’mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.
Alan:
Why?
Mum:
I’mnotsurewhat1.(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2.Iwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey’re3.(go).
Alan:
Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.I’msurehewasinthekitchen4.(early).
Mum:
No,hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished5.(make)them,sohecouldn’thavedoneit.6.,hecouldn’tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennisstuff,soI’msure7.wasn’thim.
Alan:
(openingthefridgedoor)Well,itwasn’tme.ButMum,look!
Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfof8.fridge?
Mum:
Aretheythere?
Oh,mygoodness,I9.haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.Oh,dear.Ireallymustbelosingmy10..Now,whydidIputonmycoat?
一、提示词填空
(一)——词类转换
考点1 形容词→副词
[典例1]Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit69(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015·全国Ⅰ)
分析 设空处修饰谓语动词arrange,需要一个副词,故填regularly。
[典例2]17(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015·广东)
分析 用副词修饰整个句子。
故填Luckily。
考点2 形容词/动词→名词
[典例1]Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
分析 形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词,故将able转化为其名词形式ability。
[典例2]Severalchildrenareawayfromschoolbecauseof(ill).
分析 介词短语becauseof后接宾语,要用名词,故填illness。
[典例3]Hehadwitnessedtoomany(die)andwoundsattheBattleofSolferinoinItalyfouryearsearlier,inwhich40,000peoplewerekilled,woundedormissing.
分析 这里指的是死亡,是可数名词,在句中作及物动词witness的宾语,空前的toomany也暗示应用death的复数形式deaths。
方法归纳 作主语,或在及物动词、介词(短语)后作宾语时,前面可能有限定词(冠词)、形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰,通常用名词形式;注意单复数形式。
考点3 动词/名词→形容词
[典例1]As49(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
分析 修饰名词architects,故要用形容词形式natural。
[典例2]Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,...(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
分析 此处用形容词修饰名词stories。
amaze的形容词有两个,一个是amazing,另一个是amazed。
修饰物(stories)当然用amazing。
[典例3]Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand43(disappoint).(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)
分析 本句的主语是someofthem,此处and连接两个并列成分,再结合前面的形容词anxious可知,此处也应该填一个形容词。
故此处用disappointed表示他们中有些人感到失望。
方法归纳 作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾语补足语(表性质状态)时,通常用形容词形式。
注意常考动词分词的形容词性化,其形容词的形式有:
ing结尾的和ed结尾的两种。
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople’shomeeither(personal)orthroughtheircompanies.(2015·安徽,31)
2.Itwas(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.(2015·福建,23)
3.Mostofus,ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom,understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswas(former)alive.(2015·浙江,13)
4.Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome(think)andthenletmeknow.(2015·安徽,30)
5.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand(comprehension)reviewofthecase.(2015·江苏,31)
6.Theclimatehereisquite(please),thetemperaturerarely,ifever,reaching30℃insummer.(2014·福建,28)
7.Whatwasso(impress)aboutJasmineWestland’svictorywasthatshecamefirstinthemarathonbarefooted.(2014·湖北,27)
8.Lifeis(predict);eventhepoorestmightbecometherichest.(2014·江西,30)
9.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatinthelastrow.(2012·广东)
10.—Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?
—Well,youknow,Englishismy(strong).Soitismybestchoice.(2012·福建,25)
二、提示词填空
(二)——词形变换
考点1 名词的单复数与所有格
[典例1]I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65(painting).(2015·全国Ⅰ)
分析 由于该名词由somany修饰,故填其复数形式paintings。
[典例2]Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbepatient.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
分析 前面是定冠词the,因此后面要用名词,再由谓语动词are可知此空要用其名词的复数形式,故填changes。
[典例3]It’saboutan(hour)drivefromhere.
分析 句意为:
离这里大约有一个小时的车程。
“一个小时的”用所有格,故填hour’s。
方法归纳 若所给提示词为名词而空格处也应填名词,注意要弄清名词的数与格,即名词是否需要复数形式,或是否需要所有格。
考点2 形容词与副词的比较等级
[典例1]Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66(