复旦大学博士招生入学考试英语真题doc.docx
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复旦大学博士招生入学考试英语真题doc
复旦大学博士招生入学考试英语真题2012年
(总分:
100.00,做题时间:
180分钟)
一、PartIVocabularyan(总题数:
30,分数:
15.00)
1.Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe______waythestorewasorganized.(分数:
0.50)
A.logical
B.haphazard
C.orderly
D.tidy
2.MississippialsouploldstheSouth’swell-deservedreputationforwarm,hospitablepeople;balmyyear-roundweather;andtruly______cuisine.(分数:
0.50)
A.destructive
B.horrible
C.amiable
D.delectable
3.Ifsheisstupid,she’s_____pleasanttolookat.(分数:
0.50)
A.atanyrate
B.bychance
C.ataloss
D.bytheway
4.Themotherwas_____withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.(分数:
0.50)
A.fantastic
B.frank
C.frantic
D.frenzy
5.Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay_____fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.(分数:
0.50)
A.takecontrol
B.takeplace
C.takeup
D.takeover
6.Parentsoftenfacedthe___betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.(分数:
0.50)
A.paradox
B.junction
C.premise
D.dilemma
7.Therehavebeendemonstrationsonthestreets____therecentterroristattack.(分数:
0.50)
A.inthewakeof
B.inthecourseof
C.inthecontextof
D.inthelightof
8.ThousandsofMedicarepatientswithchronicmedicalconditionshavebeenwrongly_____accesstonecessarycare.(分数:
0.50)
A.grudged
B.denied
C.negated
D.invalidated
9.Ithasbeenproposedbymanylinguiststhathumanlanguage______,ourbiologicallyprogrammedabilithtouselanguage,isstillnotwelldefinedandunderstood.(分数:
0.50)
A.potentiality
B.perception
C.faculty
D.acquisition
10.Westernmedicine,_______scienceandpracticedbypeoplewithacademicinternationallyacceptedmedicaldegrees,isonlyoneofmanysystemsofhealing.(分数:
0.50)
A.rootedin
B.originatedfrom
C.trappedin
D.indulgedin
11.WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded_____:
”No,conditionsaredifferenthere.”(分数:
0.50)
A.ambiguously
B.implicitly
C.unhesitatingly
D.optimistically
12.Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively_______bytheuseofhumor.(分数:
0.50)
A.acquainted
B.installed
C.regulated
D.facilitated
13.InbothAmericaandEurope,itis_____totipthewaiterorwaitressanywherefrom10%to20%.(分数:
0.50)
A.elementary
B.temporary
C.voluntary
D.customary
14.Suchanapproachforcesmanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps______rigiddepartmentalborndaries.(分数:
0.50)
A.passover
B.standfor
C.breakdown
D.setoff
15.Asateenager,Iwas_____byablindpassionforaslimstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.(分数:
0.50)
A.pursued
B.seduced
C.consumed
D.guaranteed
16.Hisoriginalityasacomposeris____bythefollowinggroupofsongs.(分数:
0.50)
A.exemplified
B.created
C.performed
D.realized
17.TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir______destinationisRome.(分数:
0.50)
A.ultimate
B.prime
C.next
D.cardinal
18.Thepooroldmanwas_____withdiabetesandwithoutpropertreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.(分数:
0.50)
A.suffered
B.afflicted
C.induced
D.infected
19.ThebribeandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo_______themarriage.(分数:
0.50)
A.terminate
B.initiate
C.consummate
D.separate
20.Joinsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea_____efforttohelpthepoorercountries.(分数:
0.50)
A.futile
B.glittering
C.frantic
D.concentrated
21.Theproblemisinherentand_______inanydemocracy,butithasbeenmoresevereinoursduringthepastquarter-centurybecauseofthenearuniversaldenigrationofgovernment,politicsandpoliticians.(分数:
0.50)
A.perishable
B.periodical
C.perverse
D.perennial
22.Asisknowntoall,____commoditieswilldefinitelydoharmtoourlifesoonerorlater.(分数:
0.50)
A.counterfeit
B.fake
C.imitative
D.fraudulent
23.Itwouldbe_____tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.(分数:
0.50)
A.subtle
B.feeble
C.nasty
D.na?
ve
24.Itissurprisingthatsuchaninnocent-lookingmanshouldhave____suchacrime.(分数:
0.50)
A.confirmed
B.clarified
C.committed
D.converyed
25.Hummansare___,whichenablesthemtomakedicisionsevenwhentheycan’tjustifywhy.(分数:
0.50)
A.rational
B.reasonable
C.hesitant
D.intuitive
26.Morethan100____catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.(分数:
0.50)
A.loose
B.tamed
C.wild
D.stary
27.Tosaythathisresignationwasashockwouldbean______-------itcausedpanie.(分数:
0.50)
A.excuse
B.indulgence
C.exaggeration
D.understatement
28.Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot____theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.(分数:
0.50)
A.subjectto
B.carryon
C.yieldto
D.aimat
29.Ifoundthesubjectverydifficult,andatonetimethoughtIshouldhavetogiveitup,butyoudirectionsaresoclearand____thatIhavesucceededingettingapictureweallthinkpretty,thoughwantinginthetendergraceofyours.(分数:
0.50)
A.onthepoint
B.offthepoint
C.tothepoint
D.uptoapoint
30.Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto_____whatcouldhavehappened.(分数:
0.50)
A.rehearse
B.reiterate
C.reinforce
D.reenact
二、PartIIReadingComp(总题数:
4,分数:
40.00)
In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheirtwoyearoldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.Incontrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathreeyearoldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwonanawardof$750,000.Thetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxta-posingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofVivianaZelizer'sexcellentbook,PricingthePricelessChild.Duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe"useful"childwhocontributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotionofthe"useless"childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally"priceless."Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800's,thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthrough-outsocietyintheiate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcenturiesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartontheassumptionthatachild'semotionalvaluemadechildlabortaboo.ForZelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyandcomplex.Thegradualerosionofchildren'sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren'sworth.Yet"expulsionofchildrenfromthe'cashnexus,'……althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesintheeconomic,occupational,andfamilystructures,"Zelizermaintains."wasalsopartofaculturalprocess'ofsacral-ization'ofchildren'slives."Protectingchildrenfromthecrassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,shesuggests;thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhumanvaluesbythemarketplace.Instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild'sworth.Zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew"sociologicaleconomics,"whohaveanalyzedsuchtradi-tionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,educa-tion,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeter-minants.Allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual"preferences,"thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.Zelizerishighlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheoppositephenomenon:
thepowerofsocialvaluestotransformprice.Aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,sheargues,their"exchange"or"sur-render"valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuchgreater.(分数:
10.00)
(1).Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinamericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe(分数:
2.00)
A.earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath
B.wealthofthepartycausingthedeath
C.degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath
D.amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled
(2).itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800'schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho(分数:
2.00)
A.neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection
B.requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking
C.presentthecentralthesisarecentbook
D.refuteatraditionalexplanationofasocialphenomenon
(3).whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?
(分数:
2.00)
A.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparaentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingoftheirchildren.
B.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.
C.Thecashvalueofchildrenrosedur