硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题及参考答案.docx

硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题及参考答案.docx

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硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题及参考答案

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（二）

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain__1__thattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby__2__.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.

Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive__3__holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one__4__bypurposelessness:

Withoutjobstogivetheirlives__5__,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.__6__,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor__7__Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe__8__forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddiction__9__poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany__10__theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.

Butitdoesn’t__11__followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe__12__ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe__13__ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould__14__strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the__15__ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.

Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively__16__formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional__17__oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel__18__,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself__19__ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor__20__matters.

1.

[A]boasting

[B]denying

[C]warning

[D]ensuring

2.

[A]inequality

[B]instability

[C]unreliability

[D]uncertainty

3.

[A]policy

[B]guideline

[C]resolution

[D]prediction

4.

[A]characterized

[B]divided

[C]balanced

[D]measured

5.

[A]wisdom

[B]meaning

[C]glory

[D]freedom

6.

[A]Instead

[B]Indeed

[C]Thus

[D]Nevertheless

7.

[A]rich

[B]urban

[C]working

[D]educated

8.

[A]explanation

[B]requirement

[C]compensation

[D]substitute

9.

[A]under

[B]beyond

[C]alongside

[D]among

10.

[A]leavebehind

[B]makeup

[C]worryabout

[D]setaside

11.

[A]statistically

[B]occasionally

[C]necessarily

[D]economically

12.

[A]chances

[B]downsides

[C]benefits

[D]principles

13.

[A]absence

[B]height

[C]face

[D]course

14.

[A]disturb

[B]restore

[C]exclude

[D]yield

15.

[A]model

[B]practice

[C]virtue

[D]hardship

16.

[A]tricky

[B]lengthy

[C]mysterious

[D]scarce

17.

[A]demands

[B]standards

[C]qualities

[D]threats

18.

[A]ignored

[B]tired

[C]confused

[D]starved

19.

[A]off

[B]against

[C]behind

[D]into

20.

[A]technological

[B]professional

[C]educational

[D]interpersonal

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial:

Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:

Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.

Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdInthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas

[A]gainedgreatpopularity.

[B]createdmanyjobs.

[C]strengthenedcommunityties.

[D]becomeanofficialfestival.

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto

[A]boostpopulationgrowth.

[B]promotesportparticipation.

[C]improvethecity’simage.

[D]increasesporthoursinschools.

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents.

[B]focusesonmasscompetition.

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism.

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers.

24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould

[A]organize“grassroots”sportsevents.

[B]superviselocalsportsassociations.

[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs.

[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities.

25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis

[A]tolerant.

[B]critical.

[C]uncertain.

[D]sympathetic.

Text2

Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Teckisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother–childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:

“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______.

[A]simplifyroutinematters

[B]absorbuserattention

[C]betterinterpersonalrelations

[D]increaseworkefficiency　　

27.Radesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______.

[A]takesawaybabies’appetite

[B]distractschildren’sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopment

[D]reducesmoth