《英语新闻阅读与写作》双语讲义教案3 Interview 新闻采访.docx
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《英语新闻阅读与写作》双语讲义教案3Interview新闻采访
Chapter3:
Interview
Overview
Informationisthemerchandiseofajournalist.Someofitisgatheredfromrecordsandsomefromobservation,butmostofitisgatheredinperson-to-personconversations.Forthatreason,everyjournalistneedstodevelopinterviewingskill.
Inthischapter,youwilllearn:
1.What’sinterview
2.Twokindsofquestions.
3.Twokindsofinterviewingstyles.
4.Howtophraseyourquestions.
Content
Let’sBeginWithAnOldStory
Oneday,ayoungmonkaskedhissuperior
Theyoungmonkwasverydistressed.Afriendadvisedhimtorephrasethequestion.So,themonkaskedhissuperioracoupleofdayslater:
Ofcourseyoucan!
Thisstorytellsusthatthewayquestionsarestructuredoftendeterminestheanswer.
Journalistsalwaysfacethesamechallengewhentheydotheirinterviews.
Interviewingisreallychallengingwork.
ⅠWhatisInterview
Thereporter'sjobistogatherinformationfromavarietyofsources,synthesizethatinformationandprepareitfordissemination.TheNo.1wayinwhichareportergathersinformationisthroughinterviewing.
It'ssobasic,butsodifficultforsomany.Likepublicspeaking,itisafearformanytobecomevulnerableandriskaskingastupidquestionorbeingshutoutbyasource.Youneedtoovercomeit.Interviewsaretooimportant.
So,whatisinvolvedinaninterview?
Tosomeitisjustaskingquestions.Butwhatquestions?
Towhom?
What'sokayandwhat'sofflimits?
1.Definition:
Itisaconversationbetweenareporterandapersonofpublicinterest.
Interviewsaredifferentfromordinaryconversations.Reportersdecidewhattosayandhowtosayit.
A.interviewee
B.topic
C.when
D.where
Activity1:
Discussioningroups
1.Whatarethedifferencesbetweeninterviewingandordinaryconversation?
Canyougivemeanexample?
2.SupposethelibraryofCSUFcaughtfiretwohoursago.Whowouldyouinterviewfirst?
Thenwhoelseyouwillcontinue?
3.Whatkindofinformationwouldyouwanttoknow\gather?
2.Function:
Interviewsarenowseenasthemostnaturalandobviouswayofgatheringanddisseminatinginformation.
Itisthemainwaythatjournalistscollectinformationfornewsstories.Thebettertheinterview,thebettertheinformationandthestrongerthestoryis.Interviewingisanintegralskillforthejournalistandonethatisdifficulttomaster.
Interviewinghasdifferentkind.
Mainstreamnewsmediarelyonfactandopinioninterviewing,amagazinejournalismuseshumaninterestinterviewingforsoftnewsandfeaturepieces.
Factandopinioninterviewrelatemoretohardnews.
A.FactinterviewusuallyconcentratesontheWHO,WHAT,WHEN,WHEREquestionsandisusedforprintnewsbriefandbroadcastnewsstories,wherespaceandtimearelimited.
B.TheinterviewforopinionorcommentemphasizestheWHYandHOWquestions,andismorecommonlyusedinlongerstories.
Thehumaninterestinterviewalsoincludesfactandopinionquestions,butconcentratesontheemotionsandthesoftnewsangle.
3.Way:
Interviewingcanbeface-to-facemeetingtoday,butelectronicjournalistsareincreasinglyreliantontelephoneinterview,mediaconferences,doorstopinterview,aswellasemailandsatelliteinterviews.
Typesofinterviews:
A.Voxpops(voxpopuli)
Voxpopsareusedregularlybyprintandbroadcastjournalistsandhavethebenefitofimmediacyandspontaneity.Essentiallytheyarestreetsurveystocanvasspeople’sfeelingaboutaperson’sactionoratopicalissue.
Forinstance,numerousvoxpopshavebeenconductedonsmokinginpublicandonthepopularityofpoliticalleaders.
Thequestionshouldbeshort,easilyunderstandandopen.Everyonewhoisinterviewedshouldbeaskedthesamequestiontoensurethevalidityoftheresults.
B.Doorstopsandambushes
Therearesomedrawbackstospontaneityandthedoorstopmethodisonethatshouldbeusedwithgreatcaretogainaninterview,adoorstopinterviewinwhichtheintervieweeisaskedtorespondtoaccusationsorallegationsofseriousmisbehaviorisusuallyanadversarialsituation.
Theinterviewcanbeinexperiencedandatadisadvantagewhenappearingontelevision.
Thedoorstopinterviewshouldnotnormallybeusedunlesseveryalternativewayofgettingtheinterviewhasbeenpursued.Butitissometimestheeasiestwayforjournaliststocatchbusysourceswhentheyareontheirwayto,orfrom,anappointment
Forinstance,youmaywatchapoliticianafteramediaconferenceoracelebrityleavingaconcertorlaunch.That’sgoodopportunityforyoutointerviewhim.
C.Deathknocks
Deathknocksareinterviewwherethejournalistknocksonthedoorofrelativesandfriendsofsomeonewhohasjustdiedtotalktothemaboutthedeceasedforastory.
D.Roundsandevents
ⅡTwoKindofQuestions
Interviewismoreartthanscience.
Comparethefollowinginterviews:
e.g.1
“Mr.Mayor,whydidyoufirethepolicechief?
”
“Idon’twanttodiscussthatbecauseit’sapersonnelmatter.”
“Mr.Mayor,whatqualitiesdoyoulookforinthenewpolicechief?
”
“Ithinkheneedstobehonest……”
e.g.2
Doyoufavorthecitycouncil’splantobeautifythedowntownarea?
Thecitycouncilplanstospend$3milliontobeautifythedowntownarea.Areyouinfavorofthis?
Activities2:
1.Watchavideo,writedownallthequestionsthereportersasked.
2.Canyouuseanotherwordtorephraseit?
Tryandwriteyourquestion.
3.Discussthesequestionswithyourgroup.
Therearetwokindsofquestions:
1.Closed-EndedQuestions
A.Aclosed-endedquestionisaformofquestionwhichcannormallybeansweredwithasimple"yes"or"no",aspecificsimplepieceofinformation,oraselectionfrommultiplechoices.
B.Examples:
Doyougetalongwellwithyoursupervisor?
Isthataphotographofyourchildren?
Areyouleavingrightat5:
00today?
Wereyouwoundedthen?
C.Itcan:
(A)Closeinonasubject
(B)Pindowndetails
(C)Gettherespondenttobespecific
D.Application1:
CCTVreporterinterviewedthechildreninRemoteMountainAreas:
Reporter:
小孩,你在干嘛?
Whatareyoudoing?
Child:
放羊。
Pasturemysheep.
R:
放羊干嘛呢?
Whatdoyouwanttodobypasturingsheep?
C:
挣钱。
Earnmoney.
R:
挣钱以后呢?
Whatcanyoudoafterearningmoney?
C:
结婚。
Marryagirl.
R:
然后呢
Afteryourmarriage?
C:
生小孩。
Haveababy.
R:
小孩以后干嘛呢?
Whatyouwantyourbabydothen?
C:
放羊呀!
Pasturesheep.
2.Open-endedQuestions
A.Anopen-endedquestionisdesignedtoencourageafull,meaningfulanswerusingthesubject'sownknowledgeandfeelings.
B.Itcan
(A)Bemoreobjective
(B)Lessleadingthanclosed-endedquestions
(C)Allowtherespondentsomeflexibility.
C.Examples:
Tellmeabouttherelationshipwithyoursupervisor.
Howdoyouseeyourfuture?
Tellmeaboutthechildreninthisphotograph.
What’sthepurposeofgovernment?
Whydidyouchoosethatway?
D.Application1:
WangZhi(王志)interviewedWangQishan(王岐山)
R:
What’sthequestionyoudarenotfacingmost?
Canyoutellme?
W:
Itdependsonwhetherwecanshutthesourcesofinfectionoff.
R:
Wherethedifficultiesliedin?
Application2:
YangLan(杨澜)interviewedMr.IeohMingPei(贝聿铭)
Y:
DoyoubelieveinFengshui?
P:
AllthearchitectsshouldbelieveinFengshui.Forexample,whenwedesignahouse,wealwaysletitfacethelakeorsea,thebackagainstthemountain.WeshouldbelieveinFengshuiarchitectureinthispoint.Butiftheyuseitalittletoomuch,itturnsintosuperstition,andthisiswhatIobjectedto
TwoKindsofQuestions
Closed-EndedQuestions
Open-endedQuestions
Aclosed-endedquestionisaformofquestionwhichcannormallybeansweredwithasimple"yes"or"no",aspecificsimplepieceofinformation,oraselectionfrommultiplechoices.
Anopen-endedquestionisdesignedtoencourageafull,meaningfulanswerusingthesubject'sownknowledgeandfeelings.
Examples:
Isthisaphotographofyourfamily?
Doyougetalongwellwithyourwife?
Shewantstodivorcewithyou?
Didyourwifesuccessfullyprovokeyou?
Canyousaysomethingaboutyourfamily?
What’stherelationshipwithyourwife?
Whydidshesaythat?
What’syourfeelingaboutthat?
Focuson
Do,be,when,where,who,howmany,what
Why,how,what
Merits
(A)closeinonasubject
(B)pindowndetails
(C)gettherespondenttobespecific
(A)bemoreobjective
(B)lessleadingthanclosed-endedquestions
(C)Allowtherespondentsomeflexibility.
Fitfor
(A)Children,older,worker,
notsotalkativeperson
Politician,leader,scholar,CEO
talkativeperson
Application:
CCTVreporterinterviewedchildren
Heavytrafficaccidentinterviewing
OrianaFallaciinterviewDengXiaoping:
WillchairmanMao’sportraitaboveTiananmenGatebekeptthere?
InterviewedLiuXiang
Whatmakesasuccessfulteacher?
YangLaninterviewedBeiYuMing
Deyoubelieveinfengshui?
Ⅲ.TwoKindsofQuestionStyles
Journalistsusedifferentstyleorapproaches.
1.Aggressiveinterview:
whoargueswiththeintervieweeateverypoints.
2.Agreeinginterview:
whoisoverawedbythetalent,agreeingwitheverywordandallowingtheintervieweetoremainunchallenged.
Example:
ItalianjournalistOrianaFallaci’sinterviewstyle
OrianaFallaciwasoneofthemostfamousreportersintheworld.Shebecamefamousinthe1960’sand70’sforherwarjournalismandherlong,aggressiveandrevealinginterviewswithprominentpeople.ShewasoncedescribedinTheLosAngelesTimesas“thejournalisttowhomvirtuallynoworldfigurewouldsayno.”
AmonghersubjectswereAyatollahRuhollahKhomeini,thefatheroftheIranian