大学英语3期末考试题 阅读题题库急加DA AN.docx
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大学英语3期末考试题阅读题题库急加DAAN
第一次
Whydosmokerstendtoweighlessthannonsmokersandgainweightwhentheygiveupthehabit?
Contraryto“commonknowledge”,nonsmokersdonotgenerallyeatmorethansmokers,nordotheyexerciseless,studiesfind.Researchperformedonsmokersatrestindicatesthatnicotine(尼古丁)itselfcanincreasebasalmetabolic(新陈代谢的)rates,meaningsmokersburnmoreenergythannonsmokersduringperiodsofinactivity.Butsurveyssuggestmostsmokerssmokenotwhilecompletelyatrest,butwhileperforminglightactivitiessuchasdeskworkthatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.Unlessnicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywithmetabolicrates,itsinfluenceonweightmightbeinsignificant.
Nowastudyshowsthatnicotine’seffectsonbody-fuelconsumptionindeedincreaseproportionallywithincreasesinactivity.“Theseresultsindicatethatthemetaboliceffectofnicotinemayplayagreaterpartinaccountingforbody-weightdifferencesbetweensmokersandnonsmokersthanwaspreviouslybelieved,”saysKennethA.PerkinsandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine.
Theresearchersgaveanicotinenosespraytoindividualsperforminglightwork—inthiscaseridinganexercisebicyclemodifiedtoalloweasyridingwhilesubjectsremainseatedinacomfortablearmchair.Theactivityraisedrestingmetabolicratestwotothreetimes.
Byanalyzingairbreathedout,theresearcherscalculatedenergyconsumptioninthearmchairbicyclistsbeforeandaftergivingthenosesprayandcomparedtherelativechangeswithsubjectsinthecontrolgroupgivenplacebo((试验药物用的)无效对照剂)nosesprays.Relativetotheirbaselinebicycleexpenditures,individualsinthenicotinegroupexpendedconsiderablymoreenergythandidthoseincontrolgroupwhiledoingthesameamountofwork.Withnicotine,Perkinssays,“It’sasifthebodyisbecomingmuchlessefficientinusingitsstoredenergy.”
Whiletheresultsmayseemdiscouragingtosmokerswho’dliketoquitwithoutgainingweight,Perkinsnotesthatwalkinganextramileadayshouldmakeupforthedifferenceinmetabolicefficiency.Andhesayssmokerswouldhavetogain“wellmorethan50pounds”tocounterbalancethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.
1.Whatmight“commonknowledge”sayaboutsmokersandnonsmokers?
A) Smokerseatmoreandexercisemorethannonsmokers.
B) Smokerseatlessandexerciselessthannonsmokers.
C) Smokerseatlessandexercisemorethannonsmokers.√
D) Smokerseatmoreandexerciselessthannonsmokers.
答案:
C
2.Whenmightnicotineinfluencesmokers’weightsignificantly?
A) WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsandmetabolicratesincreaseatthesamerate.√
B) Whilesmokersareexercising.
C) Whilesmokersareatrest.
D) WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywiththeamountoflightactivities.
答案:
A
3.Theword“subjects”inthefourthparagraphmeans.
A) peopleundermedicaltreatment
B) researchers
C) peopleundergoinganexperiment√
D) addictedsmokers
答案:
C
4.Whathavetheresearchersfoundoutintheirstudy?
A) Peopleinthearmchairexpendedmoreenergythanpeopledoingdeskwork.
B) Peopleinthecontrolgroupbreathedoutmoreair.
C) Peoplewithoutnicotinenosesprayarebecomingmuchlessefficientinusingenergy.
D) Peopleinthenicotinegroupconsumedmoreenergy.√
答案:
D
5.Whydothestudyresultsseemdiscouragingtosomesmokersaccordingtothepassage?
A) Becausetheywanttogainweighttotacklethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.
B) Becausetheywanttoquitsmokingandstillkeepfit.√
C) Becausetheywanttowalkinganextramileadaytolosesomeweight.
D) Becausetheywanttokeepfitwithouthavingtoquitsmoking.
答案:
B
AcertainamountofcontroversyhasbeencausedbythepublicationofanewreportbyateamofeducationalistsheadedbyPro.B.J.Smith.Thereportclaimstohavestatisticalevidencethatchildrenwhoattendanumberofdifferentschoolsthroughtheirparentshavingtomovearoundthecountryaremorethannormallyvulnerabletoaviciouscycleoflowacademicachievement.Therearealsoindications,saysProfessorSmith,ofanunusuallyhighrateofpsychologicaldismayamongsuchchildren.
Theprofessor,whohaslongsuspectedthattheeffectonchildrenwhoseparentstraveltodifferentpartsofthecountryinsearchofworkhasnotbeensufficientlyresearched,stressesthatthisisnotmerelyanexpressionofprejudice.“Wearenotdealingherewithopinions,”hesays,“It’strue,mypersonalfeelingisthatforchildren’swell-being,theyshouldstayinoneschool.However,ourfindingsarebasedonresearchandnotonanypersonalattitudesthatIormycolleaguesmayhaveonthesubject.”
Capt.ThomasMuller,anArmylecturerforthepast20yearsandhimselfafatheroftwo,said,“I’veneverheardsuchrubbish.AsfarasI’mconcerned,absolutelynoharmisdonetotheeducationofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly—aslongastheykeeptothesamesystemasinourArmyschool.Inmyexperience—andI’veknownquiteafewofthem—Armychildrenareaswell-adjustedasanyothers,ifnotmoreso.WhattheProfessordoesn’tappeartoappreciateisthefactthatinsuchsituationschildrenwilladaptmuchbetterthanadults.”
WhenthiswasputtoProfessorSmith,hesaidthatatnotimehadhisteamsuggestedthatallsuchchildrenwerebackwardordismayedinsomeway,butsimplythatintheirexperiencetherewasacleartendency.
“Ourfindingsindicatethatwhiletheextremelybrightchildcancopewithregularemotionalturbulencewithoutharminghisorhergeneralacademicprogress,themajorityofchildrensufferfromconstantlyhavingtoenteranewlearningenvironment.”
6.WhatdoesProfessorSmith’sreportsuggest?
A) Childrenshouldn’tchangeschoolstoooften.√
B) Childrenwhohavetomovearoundthecountryarebetteratacademicachievement.
C) Childrenattendingmanyschoolshavecausedacertainamountofcontroversy.
D) Childrenwhoattenddifferentschoolsaremorevulnerabletoviciousdiseases.
答案:
A
7.WhatdoesProfessorSmiththinkofthefindingsoftheresearch?
A) Theyareprovedbytheresearch.√
B) Theyarejustbasedonhispersonalfeeling.
C) Theymaymerelybeanexpressionofprejudice.
D) Theyarebasedonpersonalattitudes.
答案:
A
8.WhatdoesCapt.ThomasMullerthinkofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly?
A) Theycanactuallydealwiththenewenvironmentbetterthanadults.√
B) Theydonoharmtotheeducation.
C) Theyfinditdifficulttokeeptothesamesystem.
D) Theyaregenerallyill-adjusted.
答案:
A
9.HowdoesProfessorSmithdefendhimselfagainCapt.ThomasMuller?
A) Hesuggeststhatchildrenhavingregularemotionalturbulencedonotharmtheiracademicprogress.
B) Hearguesthatonlyafewchildrenwillsufferfromchangingschoolsregularly.
C) Hestressesthatthemajorityofchildrentendtosufferfromconstantlyadaptingtoanewlearningenvironment.√
D) Hebelievesthatextremelybrightchildlikestoenteranewlearningenvironment.
答案:
C
10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A) Howarmychildrengetusedtoanewlearningenvironment.
B) Whetherchildrenwouldbeaffectedbychangingschoolsregularly.√
C) TheprocedureProfessorSmithfollowedtoconductastudy.
D) Theopinionspeoplehaveaboutchildrenwhooftenchangeschools.
答案:
B
Recentlytherehasbeenatendencytosympathizewiththieveswhoseoperationshavebeencarriedoutonagrandscale,andnoattemptwhateverhasbeenmadetoholdthemresponsible.Someofthemostthievish(像窃贼的)transactionshaveflourishedandarestillflourishing.Theirsuccessandtheirwealtharetheonlythingsrecognized.Theyarehonoredasfinanciersandmenofaffairs,lookeduptoandrespected.
Inrealitytheyarenothingmoreandnothinglessthanalotofmercilessandheartlessthieves.Fraudisfraudandcheatingischeatingdespitetheartisticmannerinwhichitiscommittedorthesizeofthescaleuponwhichitisoperated.
Itistimethesemenwereclassedproperlyandplacedwheretheyrightlybelong,fortheyarenobetterthanthemiserablesneak-thiefwhostealsapennyfromablindman’sdog.
Forthepasttwoorthreeyearsworkingpeoplewhohavemadesacrificestosaveafewpennieshavebeencheatedmostunmercifully.Theirhard-earnedsavingshavebeenstolenfromthembyeverypossibleschemefromtheobviouslooting(打劫)ofabanktothehigherandmoreartisticmethodoflegalizedhighrisk,complexfinancialproducts.Menhighupinthefinancialworldhavelenttheirnamestosomeofthemostshadyandnotoriousschemesthateverdishonoredacommunityorapeople.Becauseofthisthemostdiligentandeconomical(节俭的)Americanpeoplehavebeeninducedtoplacetheirhard-earnedandcarefullyguardedsavingsinwhattheywereledtobelievewasasafeinvestment,onlytofindoutwhentoolatethattheyhadfallenintothehandsofagangofextremelyrespectablecheats.Theycannotrecoverwhattheyhavelost.
Thethiefistoopowerfultobeaffectedbythelawwhilethevictimistooweaktoputitsmachineryinmotion.Itmaybethatthelawisdefective,oritmaybethatthosehavingitsmachineryinchargeareinfluencedbythewealthofthetransgressors(违犯者).Whateverorwhicheveritisthatisresponsibleoughttobeinvestigatedandtheevilremedied.
11.Whatdoesthetendencymentionedinthefirstparagraphreflect?
A) Peopleencouragesomeofthemostthievishtransactionstoflourish.
B) Peopleonlyrespectsuccessandwealthwithoutanymoraljudgmen