大学英语3期末考试题 阅读题题库急加DA AN.docx

1、大学英语3 期末考试题 阅读题题库急加DA AN第一次Why do smokers tend to weigh less than nonsmokers and gain weight when they give up the habit?Contrary to “common knowledge”, nonsmokers do not generally eat more than smokers, nor do they exercise less, studies find. Research performed on smokers at rest indicates that ni

2、cotine (尼古丁) itself can increase basal metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates, meaning smokers burn more energy than nonsmokers during periods of inactivity. But surveys suggest most smokers smoke not while completely at rest, but while performing light activities such as desk work that can increase metabolic rate

3、s by two or three times. Unless nicotines metabolic effects increase proportionally with metabolic rates, its influence on weight might be insignificant.Now a study shows that nicotines effects on body-fuel consumption indeed increase proportionally with increases in activity. “These results indicat

4、e that the metabolic effect of nicotine may play a greater part in accounting for body-weight differences between smokers and nonsmokers than was previously believed,” says Kenneth A. Perkins and his colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.The researchers gave a nicotine nose s

5、pray to individuals performing light work in this case riding an exercise bicycle modified to allow easy riding while subjects remain seated in a comfortable armchair. The activity raised resting metabolic rates two to three times.By analyzing air breathed out, the researchers calculated energy cons

6、umption in the armchair bicyclists before and after giving the nose spray and compared the relative changes with subjects in the control group given placebo (（试验药物用的）无效对照剂) nose sprays. Relative to their baseline bicycle expenditures, individuals in the nicotine group expended considerably more ener

7、gy than did those in control group while doing the same amount of work. With nicotine, Perkins says, “Its as if the body is becoming much less efficient in using its stored energy.”While the results may seem discouraging to smokers whod like to quit without gaining weight, Perkins notes that walking

8、 an extra mile a day should make up for the difference in metabolic efficiency. And he says smokers would have to gain “well more than 50 pounds” to counterbalance the health risks of continued smoking.1. What might “common knowledge” say about smokers and nonsmokers?A) Smokers eat more and exercise

9、 more than nonsmokers.B) Smokers eat less and exercise less than nonsmokers.C) Smokers eat less and exercise more than nonsmokers. D) Smokers eat more and exercise less than nonsmokers.答案：C2. When might nicotine influence smokers weight significantly?A) When Nicotines metabolic effects and metabolic

10、 rates increase at the same rate. B) While smokers are exercising.C) While smokers are at rest.D) When Nicotines metabolic effects increase proportionally with the amount of light activities.答案：A3. The word “subjects” in the fourth paragraph means .A) people under medical treatmentB) researchersC) p

11、eople undergoing an experiment D) addicted smokers答案：C4. What have the researchers found out in their study?A) People in the armchair expended more energy than people doing desk work.B) People in the control group breathed out more air.C) People without nicotine nose spray are becoming much less eff

12、icient in using energy.D) People in the nicotine group consumed more energy. 答案：D5. Why do the study results seem discouraging to some smokers according to the passage?A) Because they want to gain weight to tackle the health risks of continued smoking.B) Because they want to quit smoking and still k

13、eep fit. C) Because they want to walking an extra mile a day to lose some weight.D) Because they want to keep fit without having to quit smoking.答案：BA certain amount of controversy has been caused by the publication of a new report by a team of educationalists headed by Pro. B. J. Smith. The report

14、claims to have statistical evidence that children who attend a number of different schools through their parents having to move around the country are more than normally vulnerable to a vicious cycle of low academic achievement. There are also indications, says Professor Smith, of an unusually high

15、rate of psychological dismay among such children.The professor, who has long suspected that the effect on children whose parents travel to different parts of the country in search of work has not been sufficiently researched, stresses that this is not merely an expression of prejudice. “We are not d

16、ealing here with opinions,” he says, “Its true, my personal feeling is that for childrens well-being, they should stay in one school. However, our findings are based on research and not on any personal attitudes that I or my colleagues may have on the subject.”Capt. Thomas Muller, an Army lecturer f

17、or the past 20 years and himself a father of two, said, “Ive never heard such rubbish. As far as Im concerned, absolutely no harm is done to the education of children who change schools regularly as long as they keep to the same system as in our Army school. In my experience and Ive known quite a fe

18、w of them Army children are as well-adjusted as any others, if not more so. What the Professor doesnt appear to appreciate is the fact that in such situations children will adapt much better than adults.”When this was put to Professor Smith, he said that at no time had his team suggested that all su

19、ch children were backward or dismayed in some way, but simply that in their experience there was a clear tendency.“Our findings indicate that while the extremely bright child can cope with regular emotional turbulence without harming his or her general academic progress, the majority of children suf

20、fer from constantly having to enter a new learning environment.”6. What does Professor Smiths report suggest?A) Children shouldnt change schools too often. B) Children who have to move around the country are better at academic achievement.C) Children attending many schools have caused a certain amou

21、nt of controversy.D) Children who attend different schools are more vulnerable to vicious diseases.答案：A7. What does Professor Smith think of the findings of the research?A) They are proved by the research. B) They are just based on his personal feeling.C) They may merely be an expression of prejudic

22、e.D) They are based on personal attitudes.答案：A8. What does Capt. Thomas Muller think of children who change schools regularly?A) They can actually deal with the new environment better than adults. B) They do no harm to the education.C) They find it difficult to keep to the same system.D) They are ge

23、nerally ill-adjusted.答案：A9. How does Professor Smith defend himself again Capt. Thomas Muller?A) He suggests that children having regular emotional turbulence do not harm their academic progress.B) He argues that only a few children will suffer from changing schools regularly.C) He stresses that the

24、 majority of children tend to suffer from constantly adapting to a new learning environment. D) He believes that extremely bright child likes to enter a new learning environment.答案：C10. What does the passage mainly talk about?A) How army children get used to a new learning environment.B) Whether chi

25、ldren would be affected by changing schools regularly. C) The procedure Professor Smith followed to conduct a study.D) The opinions people have about children who often change schools.答案：BRecently there has been a tendency to sympathize with thieves whose operations have been carried out on a grand

26、scale, and no attempt whatever has been made to hold them responsible. Some of the most thievish (像窃贼的) transactions have flourished and are still flourishing. Their success and their wealth are the only things recognized. They are honored as financiers and men of affairs, looked up to and respected

27、.In reality they are nothing more and nothing less than a lot of merciless and heartless thieves. Fraud is fraud and cheating is cheating despite the artistic manner in which it is committed or the size of the scale upon which it is operated.It is time these men were classed properly and placed wher

28、e they rightly belong, for they are no better than the miserable sneak-thief who steals a penny from a blind mans dog.For the past two or three years working people who have made sacrifices to save a few pennies have been cheated most unmercifully. Their hard-earned savings have been stolen from the

29、m by every possible scheme from the obvious looting (打劫) of a bank to the higher and more artistic method of legalized high risk, complex financial products. Men high up in the financial world have lent their names to some of the most shady and notorious schemes that ever dishonored a community or a

30、 people. Because of this the most diligent and economical (节俭的) American people have been induced to place their hard-earned and carefully guarded savings in what they were led to believe was a safe investment, only to find out when too late that they had fallen into the hands of a gang of extremely

31、 respectable cheats. They cannot recover what they have lost.The thief is too powerful to be affected by the law while the victim is too weak to put its machinery in motion. It may be that the law is defective, or it may be that those having its machinery in charge are influenced by the wealth of th

32、e transgressors (违犯者). Whatever or whichever it is that is responsible ought to be investigated and the evil remedied.11. What does the tendency mentioned in the first paragraph reflect?A) People encourage some of the most thievish transactions to flourish.B) People only respect success and wealth without any moral judgmen