基层论文我国基层人民代表大会代表产生方式研究.docx

基层论文我国基层人民代表大会代表产生方式研究.docx

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基层论文我国基层人民代表大会代表产生方式研究

基层论文：

我国基层人民代表大会代表产生方式研究

【中文摘要】代议制是现代国家普遍采用的民主形式,其组成人员的产生方式是它存在和发展的前提。

我国的人民代表大会制度是在批判资本主义议会制度的基础上,结合我国的实际国情发展起来的,体现了人民意志和国家意志的统一。

但是由于我国实行了两千多年的封建帝制,商品经济不发达,公民的民主观念不强烈,加之代议制文化是“舶来品”,移植入本土后要有个调试、选择、整合、借鉴的过程。

因此,尽管我国在直接选举人大代表的产生方式上,取得了许多可喜的成就,例如城乡同比例选民选举人大代表,自荐参选候选人当选人大代表的数量增多,规定代表要与选民见面,增强候选人的透明度,新选举法保障了人人平等、地区平等、民族平等。

但还有许多不尽如人意的地方,例如选民参与选举热情不高,代表比例的“设计性”色彩过浓,候选人的提名和确认程序不透明,各政党、各人民团体和选民联合提名的候选人提名权不平等,没能放手让选民自由竞争,过于强调“领导旨意”等问题。

本文以长春市某辖区人民代表大会代表产生过程的实证考察为基点,力求从理论和实践的结合上指出当前我国基层人民代表大会代表产生方式上的成就和尚存在的问题,并提出了几点完善措施,以期对我国基层人民代表大会代表产生方式的改进和发展有所裨益。

【英文摘要】Thisthesis“Theresearchontheproduction’swayofthedeputyofthegrassrootnationalpeoplecongress“totalincludesfourcomponents.ThefirstpartisourcountrybasicunitNPCwaytoproducethehistoricalevolution,thefirsthand:

beforethefoundingofthecommunistpartyofChinainbasic-levelpoliticalpowerconstructionpracticeofrepresentativeorganizationrepresentingthewaytoproduce.Redpoliticalpowerperiod,theSovietpoliticalpowerimplementgeneralelection,theprincipleoftheworkers,peasants,redarmysoldiersareentitledtovoteandstandforelection,representativeofthegrass-rootsSovietcongressbydirectlyelected,directelectionstakehands,raisedeservetobeelected.DuringtheAnti-JapaneseWar,undertheleadershipofthecommunistpartyorganizationformthenchangedtobaseregimelevelscouncilmen.Thesenatorcouncilmenbydirectlyelected,takeashowofhands,voting,burningholesetcmethod.Atthistimeofalltheanti-japanesepoliticalparties,isthehighlightofanti-japanesemassorganizationscanputforwardtoalistofcandidatesandpresidentialpact,campaigning.China’swarofliberationcouncilmeninsteadpeople’srepresentativeconferences.Intherurallandreformafterthecompletionofthedirectlyelectedbythepeasants,thepoorpeasantsgroupandpeasantassociationforconstitutentarea,township（village）peoplesconference,thisperiodrepresentativegeneralwithconsultationformproduce.Thesecondaspect:

afterthefoundingofnewChina,ourcountrybasicunitNPCwaytoproduceinlegalregulationandlawsinthepracticeofthepractice.ExpoundstheelectoralsystemrunninggrassrootsNPCwaytoproducethreefeatures:

oneislimiteduniversalsuffrage,thesecondislimited,thethirdisequalelectionatcountyandimplementindirectelections.Then,after57years’development,sixtimesmodifiedelectorallaw,realizedtheNationalPeople’sCongressvotingeveryoneisequal,county/districtorcountyunderdirectelectionsandNationalPeople’sCongress,arecautiousofmulti-candidateelectioncampaign,trytoletgoofNationalPeople’sfull-time.ThesecondpartisthewesterncountrymembersandtheformerSovietunionrepresentativecomparisonofSovietwaytoproduceandtheirinspirationtoChina.Thefirsthand:

Anglo-AmericanlawetcCongressmanwaytoproduceoverview.Britain,theUnitedStates,Franceistheearliestproduceparliamentcountries,thegrassrootselectionandcentralelectionwayconsistent,executeabicamerallegislature,composedbybothhouses.BritishMPS659members,fromthe659constituencyofdirectlyelectedupperhouse669Congressman,bythekinggrantedsealedaslifepeerage.Americansenators100,directlyelectedbythestates,Congressman435name,accordingtothepopulationdistribution,directlyelected.TheFrenchnationalassembly577memberselecteddirectlybytheirconstituenciesproduce.Thesecondaspect:

theformerSovietunionrepresentativewaytoproduceoverview.FromRussianOctoberrevolutionvictorytotheSovietunion,theSovietrepresentsthewaytoproduce,throughunceasinglyconsummates,theconstitutiondefinesuniversally,equality,directandsecretballotprinciple.Sovietrepresentativessetlegislation,administration,supervisionatasuit,fictitious,didnotplaytheroleofconstitution,theelectionformalism.Third:

westernmembersandtheformerSovietunionandthecharacteristicsoftheSovietunionrepresentativeproducetoourcountryNPCwaytoproduceenlightenment.Throughhorizontallyandverticallytwoperspectives,compareBritain,theUnitedStates,Franceandotherwesterncountriessenatorsandrepresentativesofourcountry,theformerSovietunionSovietdifferentperiodsrepresentativeorganizationrepresentingproduceformsandevolutionprocess,welearnthatsubstantiallyallexperiencedarighttochoosefromlimitingpopularization,frompublicvotechosenrighttovote,thesecretfromroughtovoteuntilgraduallyequalprocess.ThethirdpartisourcountrybasicunitNPCwaytoproduceimprovement.Thefirsthand:

reformachievement,mainlyurban-ruralinthesameproportionofthepopulationelectionNPCrealizedtheequalrighttovote,Recommendationthebasic-levelpeople’scongressrepresentativecandidatesrunningstatusconfirmation,thustheNPCwaytoproducethereformhasmadeagreatprogress,Full-timerepresentappeartoconstitutionalismsocietystepforward,Grassrootspeople’scongressrepresentative’sproducerealizedthedirectelection;Realizingtheuniversalityoftherepresentative,Secretballotsstrengthensthevotersofautonomy,Realizedfivesafeguard;Votersco-brandednominatedcandidatesfordeputiestotheseriousnessofthegreatlystrengthened;Regulatethepre-selectedprogram,toavoidthesureofficialcandidateforarbitrary,Candidateshallmeetwithvoters,andenhancethecandidate’srepresentativeresponsibilityconsciousness;Enhanced56nationalequality;Provisionscandidatesmulti-candidateelection,andcreatingapreferredadmittedspectacle.Thesecondaspect:

sincethereformandtheproblemsfacingthecauseanalysis.Oneisthevotersproblemsandreasons,anaerobicchooseisthecauseoftheelectionandinterestsaredisjointed,systemdesignnotscience,voterslackofrecognition,andtheelectionprocessofinjusticemakethevoterslackofconfidence,twoisorganizersproblemsandreasons,obligaterepresentatives,violatecompassesoperation,dividingconstituencysecurityadministration;Threecandidatesproblemsandreasons,introducewayimperfect,therepresentativesovermuch,candidatequalityandelectiontargetinconsistencies,theelectionviolations.ThefourthpartisimprovingourcountrybasicunitNPCwaytoproducethelegislativeproposals.Oneistoestablishandperfectthecandidatenominationmechanism,nominationsystemareasinneedofimprovement,isfirstwillelect,beelectedseparately,putforwardhigherrequirementforthecandidates.Hastherighttovoteisanalysis,evaluation,managementandsupervisionofnationalaffairs,itscoreisenthusiastic,activelyparticipatingpoliticsenforcelaws,implementtherulingparty’spolicy,reflectingthevoters’willingness,expresscomplexinformationability.Therefore,tobeelectoralage,educationbackground,professionalandqualityrequirementshouldbehigherthanelector.Secondistonarrowthenominationmainbody,shallbeinjuralclearly,onlypoliticalgroupswillhavenomineerights,andsuchgroupsarerequiredinthestatecivilaffairsdepartmenthasregistration.BecausetheelectionofdeputiestotheNationalPeople’sCongressisakindofpoliticalactivities,besidespoliticalorganizationsoutside,othergroupstoengageinpoliticalactivitiesiftenet,affirmationinadequate,politicalactivitiesmakenot,otherbusinessactivitiesalsomakenot,alsodoesnotconformtothemarketeconomyconditionofspecializationgeneralrules.Onceagain,istoproposelegislationregulationparties,people’sorganizationsandvotersjointlynominatedcandidatesproportion,andexpandtheproportionofvotersjointlynominated,expandtheproportionofvotersnomination,notonlyconducivetoimprovingthequalityoftheelection,butalsohelpstovoterselectedidentity.Atpresent,someplacesinexpandingvotersnominationpercentagehastakensomepositivemeasures.Second,strengthendifferenceofproportions,introducingcompetitionmechanism.Firstistoimprovethecandidatesfordeputiesintroducedmethod,thecandidateactiveconsciouslyandvoterscontact,directlyfacingvoters,publishedcampaignspeech,answerquestions,andstatementsrunvotersmotivations,letvoterscomprehensiveunderstandingofyourself.Nextistheelectionintocompetitionmechanism,theelectionprocessisleadintosomeprocess,throughthecampaign,votersknowwhoisstrongorweak,behelpfulforwhomadetherationalchoice.Threeistoimplementinitialization,firstisrepresentingfull-timeprofessionalturnoftheoreticalbasis,full-timerepresentativecanmakeacommitmenttoorganofstatepowerprojects,makerepresentativeshaveenoughtimeandenergyintowork,andnotgooutofform,guaranteetheirpowersfullyrealized.Nextisrepresentativeoffull-timetograduallyimplementing,becauserepresentativefull-timetoandothersupportingmeasuressuchaspreparation,funds,suchassocialsecurityisperfect,andreducejointlyrepresentthequota,representativeofthereformofthefull-timecoordinated.Onceagain,isestablishedforfull-timerepresentativeassistantmechanism,inordertoadapttothecharacteristicsofNPCworkcomplication.Thefourthistodividerationallyconstituency,firstiscurrentelectoraldistrictdivisionofadministrativecolortooserioustoworkprimarily,thisiseasilyboundvotersrealintention.Followedbysizeselectionandallowsfortheexistenceoftheelectedcandidateofprobabilityoffairnessmissing.Five,perfectelectionlitigationsystem,andintheelectionappearedintheprocessofdisputesbyjudicialorgansshouldasfaraspossible,avoidelectionrefereeorganizationasbothrefereesandwhenathletes.

【关键词】基层人民代表大会代表产生方式

【英文关键词】

【目录】我国基层人民代表大会代表产生方式研究内容